AN HIERARCHICAL OCCLUSION TEST ALGORITHM FOR GLOBAL ILLUMINATION SOLUTION

This paper presents an efficient hierarchical occlusion test algorithm to support the global illumination solution such as Ray Tracing and Radiosity. This method, which is based on a cone volume intersection examination, can rapidly remove the irrelevant parts in a scene and find the vertices which fall into the shadow area of a given object. It is an effective alternative to the conventional shadow feeler method.

Parallel Implementation of Global Illumination Using PVM

In this paper an attempt of employing network resources to solve a complex and time-consuming problem is presented. The global illumination problem is selected as the study objective. An improved density estimation algorithm is first developed, in which the more inherent concurrency is explored. Then its parallel implementation by using a PVM mechanism and the running performance analysis are provided. The analysis results show the expected speed-up obtained and demonstrate that the PVM has good application prospects for parallel computation in a distributed network.

Research of global illumination algorithms rendering in glossy scene

In computer graphic （CG）, illumination rendering generated realistic effect at virtual scene is amazing. Not only plausible lighting effect is to show the relative position between of the objects, but also to reflect the material of visual appearance of the vir- tual objects. The diffuse-scene rendering reflectance credibility has gradually matured. Global illumination rendering method for the glossy material is still a challenge for the CG research. Because of the shiny materials is highly energy reflection between the com- plex light paths. Whether we trace glossy reflection paths, or use of one-reflection or multi-reflection approximate above complex il- lumination transmission is a difficult working. This paper we gather some commonly used global illumination algorithms recently year and its extension glossy scene improvements. And we introduce the limitation of classical algorithms rendering glossy scene and some extended solution. Finally, we will summarize the illumination rendering for specular scene, there are still some open prob- lems.

Construction of Realistic Scene in Virtual Turning Based on Global Illumination Model and Chip Simulation

With the rapid development of manufacturing technology, the traditional simulation of machining can not meet the people’s need. Research on virtual machining environment is one of the key parts of virtual manufacturing technology. According to the features of virtual turning, this paper proposes a simplified Whitted lighting model based on analysis of Phong and other local illumination model. This model takes the material and roughness of workpiece into account to calculate the roughness coefficient D, geometric fading coefficient G and Fresenel transmission coefficient F’ so that the light intensity in the scene can be got more realisticly. Moreover, to obtain the natural lighting effects, based on the analysis of motion space of machine tools, local ray tracing algorithm is given to calculate the light intensity of every position during the course of simulation. This method can not only simulate the machining environment accurately, but also reduce the calculating time greatly. For example, if CPU is 1.3 G and internal memory is 128 M, the refresh time using the original algorithm is 0.1 second, while it becomes 0.01 seconds by local refreshing. Besides, to get more realistic machining scene, the paper deduce the transfer matrix from chip coordinate to feeding coordinate so that the chip model can be integrated into the whole machining scene. At last, a example of virtual cutting scene is shown to demonstrate the effects of global illumination model and helical chip simulation. The system can give the user high true sensation. The user can operate the machine tools through the controlling panel and watch the cutting process from different viewing angle. The data needed for construction of scene and chip simulation is obtained form the C616 lathe. This study plays important role in richening virtual manufacturing theory and promoting the development of advanced manufacturing technology.

Alternative Monte Carlo Approach for General Global Illumination

An alternative Monte Carlo strategy for the computation of global illumination problem was presented.The proposed approach provided a new and optimal way for solving Monte Carlo global illumination based on the zero variance importance sampling procedure. A new importance driven Monte Carlo global illumination algorithm in the framework of the new computing scheme was developed and implemented. Results, which were obtained by rendering test scenes, show that this new framework and the newly derived algorithm are effective and promising.

Real-time all-frequency global llumination with radiance caching

Global illumination(GI)plays a crucial role in rendering realistic results for virtual exhibitions,such as virtual car exhibitions.These scenarios usually include all-frequency bidirectional reflectance distribution functions(BRDFs),although their geometries and light configurations may be static.Rendering allfrequency BRDFs in real time remains challenging due to the complex light transport.Existing approaches,including precomputed radiance transfer,light probes,and the most recent path-tracing-based approaches(ReSTIR PT),cannot satisfy both quality and performance requirements simultaneously.Herein,we propose a practical hybrid global illumination approach that combines ray tracing and cached GI by caching the incoming radiance with wavelets.Our approach can produce results close to those of ofline renderers at the cost of only approximately 17 ms at runtime and is robust over all-frequency BRDFs.Our approach is designed for applications involving static lighting and geometries,such as virtual exhibitions.

Real-time Audio &Video Transmission System Based on Visible Light Communication

With the increasing popularity of solid sate lighting devices, Visible Light Communication (VLC) is globally recognized as an advanced and promising technology to realize short-range, high speed as well as large capacity wireless data transmission. In this paper, we propose a prototype of real-time audio and video broadcast system using inexpensive commercially available light emitting diode (LED) lamps. Experimental results show that real-time high quality audio and video with the maximum distance of 3 m can be achieved through proper layout of LED sources and improvement of concentration effects. Lighting model within room environment is designed and simulated which indicates close relationship between layout of light sources and distribution of illuminance.

Performance analysis of real-time and post-mission kinematic precise point positioning in marine environments

This article focuses on the performance analysis of both real-time and post-mission kinematic precise point positioning(PPP)in challenging marine environments.For this purpose,a real dynamic experiment lasting 6 h was carried out on a lake dam in?orum City of Turkey.While the kinematic test was continuing,the real-time PPP coordinates were obtained for each measurement epoch with a commercial real-time PPP(RT-PPP)service,namely the Trimble Center Point RTX.Then the post-mission PPP(PM-PPP)coordinates were calculated by using Multi-GNSS data and the Multi-GNSS Experiment(MGEX)precise products.The kinematic RT-PPP and PM-PPP results showed that the PPP coordinates were consistent with the relative solution at centimetre and decimetre level in horizontal and height components,respectively.This study implies that PPP technique is a powerful tool for highly accurate positioning in both real-time and post-mission modes,even for dynamic applications in harsh environments.

An Improved Virtual Spherical Lights Approach for Glossy Illumination

Based on a virtual spherical light source method, this paper presents an improved virtual spherical lights approach for glossy illumination by modifying a reflection render equation. First, in order to keep primitive spherical lights, it uses non-zero solid angle integration instead of a geometric item of traditional Instant Radiosity arithmetic. Second, the formula mode for the light energy allocation of VSLs is improved by the energy distribution, in which the radius of sphere is replaced by the radius of inscribed circle generated by the tangent to the non-zero solid angle of cone. Third, the similar function of judging two point visibility takes place of a cosine term in the approximate equations of the VSLs. Experiments show that blurring or disappearing phenomenon that appear in part of right-angle surface scene is avoided.

优化医学影像三维渲染可视化效果:技术综述

医学成像学是医学领域的一个重要分支,目前最常见的医学成像方式主要包括:磁共振成像、计算机断层扫描、超声成像、X射线、正电子发射断层扫描等。医学影像是通过各种成像技术获取信息实体,医学影像三维渲染是医学成像领域使用的一种可视化技术,对于可视化解剖结构、精准诊疗、手术规划等具有重要意义。分析医学影像三维渲染技术在可视化效果优化的研究现状,首先介绍了2种基础的三维渲染技术,然后从优化技术和框架两方面入手,介绍当前三维渲染可视化的优化研究,比较不同技术的特点、使用环境以及优缺点,为相关研究人员选择不同的技术提供参考,最后从主观和客观两方面介绍如何评价三维渲染的可视化效果。讨论了在技术发展过程中,存在引入的算法复杂度高、渲染效率降低、算法实时性差的问题,并思考解决这些问题的方法,探讨优化三维渲染可视化效果的未来发展方向。

面向三维流管可视化的各向异性屏幕空间环境光遮蔽算法

屏幕空间环境光遮蔽(AO)算法是一种流行的全局光照技术,此类技术可用于辅助复杂3D流管场景的可视化,以便于更好地理解场景分布特点。对此提出一种屏幕空间各向异性AO方法来实现复杂三维流管场景可视化。其基本思想是利用三维流管的特性设计两个各向异性滤波器,来指导计算流管场景AO时的屏幕空间采样和空间复用步骤。具体而言,这种策略通过各向异性地生成垂直于流管方向的采样点计算AO。该策略可以减少算法在获取满意渲染结果时所需的样本数量。同时为了进一步提高算法性能,提出对邻近像素的AO计算结果进行沿流管方向各向异性空间复用。实验结果表明,该算法在渲染质量和性能上均优于现有的屏幕空间AO算法方案。

大规模三维场景光线追踪渲染方法综述

光线追踪是目前最常用的真实感渲染算法,在三维动画、虚拟现实、数字孪生等领域发挥着巨大作用.随着人们对场景呈现精度和质量的要求不断增加,大规模场景光线追踪渲染方法受到了广泛关注.文中对大规模场景光线追踪的相关工作进行综述,并从多个角度对各类方法进行分析.首先从场景数据压缩和场景数据分解2个方面简述了大规模场景的数据组织方法;然后回顾了内外存调度光线追踪方法,并分析了LOD在该类方法中的应用;接着介绍了分布式光线追踪方法,并将其分为屏幕空间并行、数据并行和混合并行3类进行分析对比;最后,总结大规模场景光线追踪的研究进展,分析现有方法在数据存储、数据访问、渲染质量、渲染速度等方面的问题,并指出可能的未来研究方向,包括基于神经网络的场景数据压缩、实例化场景数据分解、计算热点预测、自适应分布式策略等.

基于物理的蒙特卡罗体渲染综述

在计算机图形学中,渲染一直是核心方向,对于真实感渲染,其最终目标就是正确地计算场景中的全局光照。针对渲染对象的不同,所采取的渲染方法也有所不同,大体上可以分为表面渲染和体渲染。通过对物理的蒙特卡罗体渲染方法的整理,描述了在经典参与介质中如何采用蒙特卡罗方法进行渲染,介绍了近年来兴起的针对非经典参与介质的研究,对近年来渲染的高级方法做了总结,阐述了目前渲染方法所存在的问题以及未来可能的研究方向。

Forward kinematics analysis of parallel manipulator using modified global Newton-Raphson method

In order to obtain direct solutions of parallel manipulator without divergence in real time,a modified global Newton-Raphson(MGNR) algorithm was proposed for forward kinematics analysis of six-degree-of-freedom(DOF) parallel manipulator.Based on geometrical frame of parallel manipulator,the highly nonlinear equations of kinematics were derived using analytical approach.The MGNR algorithm was developed for the nonlinear equations based on Tailor expansion and Newton-Raphson iteration.The procedure of MGNR algorithm was programmed in Matlab/Simulink and compiled to a real-time computer with Microsoft visual studio.NET for implementation.The performance of the MGNR algorithms for 6-DOF parallel manipulator was analyzed and confirmed.Applying the MGNR algorithm,the real generalized pose of moving platform is solved by using the set of given positions of actuators.The theoretical analysis and numerical results indicate that the presented method can achieve the numerical convergent solution in less than 1 ms with high accuracy(1×10-9 m in linear motion and 1×10-9 rad in angular motion),even the initial guess value is far from the root.

基于最优质量传输的Focus+Context可视化

在分辨率有限的显示设备上,Focus+Context技术可用于大型复杂模型的可视化。提出了一种基于最优质量传输的Focus+Context可视化方法。通过最优质量传输映射,对自身进行体积变形,将源测度(体素)转换为传输成本最小的目标测度;将求解最优质量传输问题等价于凸优化过程,转换为计算几何中经典的幂Voronoi图计算。与现有方法相比,本文方法具有坚实的理论基础,保证了解的存在性、唯一性和平滑性;允许用户精确控制目标测度,选择多个形状不规则的聚焦区域,使产生的变形是全局平滑的,并可自由翻转。用于自医学应用和科学仿真的几项体数据集,证明了所提方法是有效和高效的。

低噪声自适应突变策略的MMLT算法

针对多通路metropolis光照传输(MMLT)算法在光照复杂区域遍历性差、突变策略不灵活、接受概率低,导致图像含有大量噪声问题,提出一种自适应突变策略的改进算法。利用收集的样本信息,增强对场景光照的初始认知;用兼顾局部与全局样本的权重函数选择建议样本;重新设计接受概率计算方法,提高样本的接受概率;通过共享像素信息,降低噪声。实验从不同角度验证,改进算法对场景具有普适性,实现了自适应采样,提高了样本的接受概率,降低了图像噪声。

GNSS外辐射源雷达低慢小目标探测概率

尽管全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)外辐射源雷达具有信号源广泛、覆盖率高、容易进行时间同步等特点,受到了国内外研究机构的广泛关注,但由于卫星位置变化和单颗卫星的目标探测性能有限,难以满足实际探测需求。根据几何构型给出GNSS外辐射源雷达双基地角计算方式,仿真研究双基地角与目标雷达散射截面积(RCS)的关系,分析探测时间与目标最大探测距离的关系,得到目标探测概率的理论表达式,并据此评估基于GPS L5信号的外辐射源雷达在单星、多源融合及前后向协同探测模式的目标探测概率。仿真结果表明:单星前向和后向探测模式的有效探测时间覆盖率不足1%,采用前后向协同及多源融合的探测方式,可有效提升GNSS外辐射源雷达的目标探测性能至25%;通过采用连续扫描检测的方式实时改变接收天线的照射方向进行目标探测,在前后向协同的多源融合探测模式下,有效探测时间覆盖率达到98.96%,基本满足全天时有效探测需求。

基于生成对抗模型及光路分解的全局光照绘制

针对现有全局光照图像重建高频特征效果模糊的问题,提出一种基于生成对抗模型及光路分解的全局光照绘制网络,以各类图形辅助属性(法线、深度、粗糙度等)为主要输入,学习光照传输的抽象表示并编码,用于推理光照图像。第一,将光照解耦为漫反射和镜面反射两部分,设计独立的生成对抗网络端到端地学习和推理光照子图,避免混频光照的相互干扰,保证高频细节的清晰重现。第二,使用自编码器作为绘制网络的基本结构,添加多尺度特征融合模块用于不同感受野下的特征合成,以促进阴影、镜面反射等复杂特效的有效表达。第三,使用旋转损失和特征损失两种增强的对抗损失函数,增加网络训练的稳定性。实验结果表明,与现有降噪或图像生成模型相比,该方法能够有效地生成视觉上更逼真的全局光照图像,保留更多高频细节,PSNR指标提升8%~20%。

Illumination and regolith temperature at China's next candidate lunar landing site Shackleton crater

This study focuses on the illumination and temperature at China’s next lunar candidate landing site Shackleton crater.We used the NASA’s SPICE system to evaluate the terrain obscuration effect on real-time illumination;the resulting illumination map resembles previous studies,validating the methodologies used in our study.In addition,we estimated an accumulated illumination map for the period of likely rover movement.The map indicates the illuminated inner wall of the Shackleton crater is close to 27%of the whole,meaning that the rover will likely receive solar radiation during its movement.Using the real-time illumination and the distributed 1-D thermal diffusion model,we continuously evaluated the regolith temperature for more than 20 years to stabilize the temperature,and selected the temperature of the end time as the initial value used in a thermal study set for July 20,2023 and May 8,2027.Our results indicate the temperature in the permanent shadow region remains nearly constant,thus validating the stability of our estimated initial temperature.Our results also indicate that the surface temperature is more sensitive to transient illumination,but the subsurface temperature is more likely to be associated with the accumulated illumination.This difference indirectly implies that the conductivity of the lunar regolith is inefficient.The locations receiving more solar radiation show a temperature larger than the threshold(~112 K)of ice stability.The permanently shadowed regions can be as cold as 25 K,and such extreme coldness is a hazard to the rover.There are suitable temperature locations which have a warm surface but cold subsurface to preserve water ice.To further ensure normal rover movement,we provided a map of suitable temperature sites and found that these locations exist not only in the Shackleton crater’s inner wall,but also outside the crater.We suggested four trade-off sampling sites with suitable temperatures and gradual slopes.

交互式蒙特卡洛全局光照超分辨率重建

针对现有全局光照图像的重建效果模糊且耗时较长问题,提出一种基于生成对抗的交互式图像超分辨率重建网络,使用低分辨率的高频噪声推理高分辨率的全局光照图像。将G-buffer中的图形特征作为辅助输入,利用其低噪与相似性,为网络增加图像高频信息;为避免多模态输入下产生冗余特征,利用注意力机制抑制辅助输入中的无效信息;建立混合感知损失函数,促进产生自然的图像风格。实验结果表明,在4 spp的低分辨率噪声输入下,能够在交互式帧率下获得4倍超分辨率全局光照图像,支持阴影、间接漫/镜面反射等光照效果。