High Resolution Radar Real-Time Signal and Information Processing

Radar is an electronic device that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or velocity of objects. Real-time signal and information processor is an important module for real-time positioning, imaging, detection and recognition of targets. With the development of ultra-wideband technology, synthetic aperture technology, signal and information processing technology, the radar coverage, detection accuracy and resolution have been greatly improved, especially in terms of one-dimensional(1D) high-resolution radar detection, tracking, recognition, and two-dimensional(2D) synthetic aperture radar imaging technology. Meanwhile, for the application of radar detection and remote sensing with high resolution and wide swath, the amount of data has been greatly increased. Therefore, the radar is required to have low-latency and real-time processing capability under the constraints of size, weight and power consumption. This paper systematically introduces the new technology of high resolution radar and real-time signal and information processing. The key problems and solutions are discussed, including the detection and tracking of 1D high-resolution radar, the accurate signal modeling and wide-swath imaging for geosynchronous orbit synthetic aperture radar, and real-time signal and information processing architecture and efficient algorithms. Finally, the latest research progress and representative results are presented, and the development trends are prospected.

Low-Power Operational Amplifier for Real-Time Signal Processing System of Micro Air Vehicle

A low-power complementary metal oxide semiconductor（CMOS） operational amplifier （op-amp） for real-time signal processing of micro air vehicle （MAV） is designed in this paper.Traditional folded cascode architecture with positive channel metal oxide semiconductor（PMOS） differential input transistors and sub-threshold technology are applied under the low supply voltage.Simulation results show that this amplifier has significantly low power,while maintaining almost the same gain,bandwidth and other key performances.The power required is only 0.12 mW,which is applicable to low-power and low-voltage real-time signal acquisition and processing system.

Real-Time Discrete Adaptive Control of Robot Arm Based on Digital Signal Processing

A discrete model reference adaptive controller of robot arm is obtained by integrating the reduced dynamic model of robot, model reference adaptive control （MRAC） and digital signal processing （DSP） computer system into an electromechanical system. With the DSP computer system, the control signal of each joint of the robot arm can be processed in real time and independently. The simulation and experiment results show that with the control strategy, the robot achieved a good trajectory following precision, a good decoupling performance and a high real-time adaptivity.

Applications of advanced signal processing and machine learning in the neonatal hypoxic-ischemic electroencephalography

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy significantly contributes to neonatal death and life-long disability such as cerebral palsy. Advances in signal processing and machine learning have provided the research community with an opportunity to develop automated real-time identification techniques to detect the signs of hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy in larger electroencephalography/amplitude-integrated electroencephalography data sets more easily. This review details the recent achievements, performed by a number of prominent research groups across the world, in the automatic identification and classification of hypoxic-ischemic epileptiform neonatal seizures using advanced signal processing and machine learning techniques. This review also addresses the clinical challenges that current automated techniques face in order to be fully utilized by clinicians, and highlights the importance of upgrading the current clinical bedside sampling frequencies to higher sampling rates in order to provide better hypoxic-ischemic biomarker detection frameworks. Additionally, the article highlights that current clinical automated epileptiform detection strategies for human neonates have been only concerned with seizure detection after the therapeutic latent phase of injury. Whereas recent animal studies have demonstrated that the latent phase of opportunity is critically important for early diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy electroencephalography biomarkers and although difficult, detection strategies could utilize biomarkers in the latent phase to also predict the onset of future seizures.

TIME-DOMAIN INTERPOLATION ON GRAPHICS PROCESSING UNIT

The signal processing speed of spectral domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)has become a bottleneck in a lot of medical applications.Recently,a time-domain interpolation method was proposed.This method can get better signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)but much-reduced signal processing time in SD-OCT data processing as compared with the commonly used zeropadding interpolation method.Additionally,the resampled data can be obtained by a few data and coefficients in the cutoff window.Thus,a lot of interpolations can be performed simultaneously.So,this interpolation method is suitable for parallel computing.By using graphics processing unit(GPU)and the compute unified device architecture(CUDA)program model,time-domain interpolation can be accelerated significantly.The computing capability can be achieved more than 250,000 A-lines,200,000 A-lines,and 160,000 A-lines in a second for 2,048 pixel OCT when the cutoff length is L=11,L=21,and L=31,respectively.A frame SD-OCT data(400A-lines×2,048 pixel per line)is acquired and processed on GPU in real time.The results show that signal processing time of SD-OCT can befinished in 6.223 ms when the cutoff length L=21,which is much faster than that on central processing unit(CPU).Real-time signal processing of acquired data can be realized.

Real-time measurement of high rotational projectile axial acceleration based on 2-axis acceleration sensor

The real-time measurement principle of high rotational projectile＇s angular velocity based on 2-axis acceleration sensor and the axial acceleration measurement error caused by the installation error are discussed.The 2-axis acceleration sensor is applied to measure the high rotational projectile＇s angular velocity and the measurement value of axial acceleration,the axial acceleration of the high rotational projectile equals the measurement value of axial acceleration subtracting the centrifugal acceleration component,so that the high-accuracy real-time measurement of axial acceleration is realized.The memory test has confirmed the strike tally of the theoretical analysis and the test result.The measurement technique can satisfy the high-accuracy measurement of the high rotational projectile axial acceleration in the self-determination course correction fuze projectile.

Real-Time Maqam Estimation Model in Max/MSP Configured for the Nāy

Automatic maqam estimation is considered significant toward improving multimedia live music performances and automatic accompaniment. This contribution proposed a real-time maqam estimation model developed in the visual programming language MAX/MSP and configured for the nāydukah. The model’s design stood on basic formulas of Arab music maqamat as explained in theory and applied in practice. The model consisted of different layers of competition;the first was for the identification of the instant tonic of the melodic figure, and the second was for the recognition of its identifying E (E, E half-flat and E flat). Those two competitions were used to estimate the maqam in real-time. Then, accumulated estimation results were used to estimate the maqam in longer durations;five-second and full duration. The model was evaluated using professionally performed nāy improvisations. Results reflected a success in estimating all the studied maqamat when the full improvisation was considered. In addition, results were very good for real-time and five-second estimation where average estimation confidence was 75.98% and 80.04%, respectively.

基于卷积神经网络的多偏移干涉相位滤波方法

为提升干涉信号处理中相位滤波的效果,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的多偏移干涉相位滤波方法。利用干涉相位噪声模型解释了相位偏移原理,并根据相位偏移原理构建多个卷积神经网络去噪器,利用其分别对不同偏移的干涉相位进行滤波,生成多个去噪相位。利用神经网络计算像素权值,对多个去噪结果进行融合,进而获得质量更好的相位滤波结果。仿真的数据和真实的数据试验表明,相较于传统方法,所提方法具有更好的细节保持能力,并且所得结果的均方根误差和留数点数量更低。

TWO-VALUE ORDER STATISTIC FILTERING AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION OF REALTIME SIGNAL PROCESSING

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONNonlinear filtering is a new dimension in the signal processing field. In recent years, the study in this field in foreign countries is quite brisk, and great achievements have

干涉合成孔径声纳海试样机研制与试验

介绍了干涉合成孔径声纳海试样机的研制情况,重点阐述了其中的主要关键技术:实时干涉信号处理技术、高稳定性拖曳体设计以及高幅相一致性基阵设计,并给出了干涉合成孔径声纳的湖试和海试成像结果。结果表明:干涉合成孔径声纳海试样机系统稳定可靠,成功获取了海底的高精度数字高程图,距离分辨率达到2.5cm,方位分辨率达到5cm,高程测量精度约为0.15m。

基于数字信号处理的干涉型光纤传感器检测系统的研究与设计

本文基于数字信号处理技术,对干涉型光纤传感器数字检测系统进行研究与设计.分析了合成外差解调算法的基本原理,描述了检测系统的整体构架.重点讨论了采用DSP Builder技术对解调部分的设计,实现解调算法的数字信号处理和智能化数据传输接口并行工作,使系统实时、线性地跟踪到被测信号.通过实验测试,该解调系统的工作频带约为10 Hz^1kHz,具有较好的抗干扰性.

一种空间微动目标宽带雷达干涉三维成像方法

空间微动目标3维成像在目标特征信息感知方面具有优势,对于实施空间目标成像、分类、识别等任务具有重要现实意义。据此,该文针对L型天线阵列成像系统,提出一种基于改进的粒子群优化的空间微动目标宽带雷达干涉式3维成像方法。首先,分析了目标回波信号的微多普勒特性,建立参数化表征模型。其次,基于所提优化算法重构各天线回波信号的微多普勒相位项,通过对各回波信号相位项的干涉处理,获得干涉相位差,并推导干涉相位差与目标空间坐标的关系,从而重构真实3维坐标,获得微动目标3维图像。相较于已有方法,所提方法基于干涉式成像思想,在无遮挡和有遮挡效应的条件下,均可重构微动目标真实空间坐标和3维图像,并且具有较好的鲁棒性。最后,仿真计算验证了该方法的有效性。

基于LabVIEW的光纤光栅传感干涉解调系统仿真设计

针对光纤光栅传感器干涉解调技术,发展了一种基于LabVIEW软件平台的虚拟仪器,用于对扫描干涉输出信号进行带通滤波等处理,并具备锁相和相移信息提取,并对监测到的待测信息进行实时显示等功能。另外,它还可用EX-CEL表格自动记录获得的数据,便于操作、控制,为该类传感技术的进一步实用化提供了新思路。

基于线性调频步进信号的空间自旋目标时变三维成像方法

三维成像对空间目标测量、分类、识别等具有重要的意义。线性调频步进信号具有瞬时带宽较窄的特点,可获得较远的探测距离,在空间目标监视中具有优势。基于线性调频步进信号模型,提出了一种空间自旋目标时变三维成像的方法,并对由此产生的距离走动等问题进行了详细讨论。通过采用L型三天线雷达,首先分别获得各天线回波对应的高分辨距离像(high resolution range profile,HRRP)序列,然后利用Hough变换提取高分辨距离像序列中各个目标散射点的自旋运动特征,以获得各个散射点的自旋"轨迹",最后通过对不同干涉平面内的高分辨距离像序列进行干涉处理,获得各散射点在每一慢时间时刻的空间方位向和俯仰向位置,结合高分辨距离像序列获得的距离向信息即可准确重构散射点的时变空间三维位置。仿真实验验证了文中自旋目标时变三维成像方法的有效性。

合成孔径雷达及其干涉技术研究进展

合成孔径雷达(Syntheticapertureradar,SAR)能够在全天候、全天时条件下对地面进行大范围测绘,是现代民用遥感和军事侦察中的重要手段。本文回顾了SAR及干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)技术的历史,叙述了SAR由非聚焦到完全聚焦,由光学处理到全数字式处理,由二维测绘到干涉三维测绘的发展历程。通过例举典型系统,介绍了国外机载、空载SAR和InSAR技术的现状,并对我国近年来在该领域取得的进展作了简要介绍。最后,本文给出对SIR-C/X-SAR采集的航天飞机SAR数据处理所得到的成像结果。

基于平地干涉相位周期的基线估计方法

干涉合成孔径雷达(INSAR)技术是利用同一景区不同视角的复数据相位信息,获取地面高程信息或地形变化信息的技术。其中参数估计是INSAR数据处理中必不可少的步骤,基线是形成数字高程模型(DEM)中的一个重要参数。文中由合成孔径雷达干涉测量的原理出发,从理论上推导出平地干涉相位周期与基线的关系式,得出了一种利用干涉相位周期估计基线的方法,由此对估计区域的选取进行讨论,并进一步通过实际雷达数据,最后通过实际干涉图验证此基线估计方法。

干涉合成孔径雷达多层次数据仿真

为了对干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)系统研究提供数据源,提出了一种InSAR多层次数据仿真器(包括原始信号级(RSL)、单视复图像级(SIL)和干涉相位级(IPL)),该仿真器能同时适用于星载和机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)/InSAR数据仿真,并针对雷达后向散射系数在InSAR中的应用作了一定的改进。对每一层次InSAR数据仿真实现进行讨论:对于RSL仿真,通过利用信号生成的对称性,基于CPU的多线程处理和基于图形处理单元(GPU)的超线程处理等手段,大大提升原始回波生成速度;对于SIL仿真,提出了一种快速有效的InSAR复图像生成方法;对于IPL,提出了一种由几何去相关而引入的相位噪声模型。最后,实验结果证实了理论分析的正确性。

Modeling and realization of real time electronic countermeasure simulation system based on SystemVue

In this paper,we proposed a new design scheme of real time electronic countermeasure simulation system.This paper mainly expounds the modeling and realization methods of each part of the whole simulation system,and the real-time property of system has been lucubrated.Electronic countermeasure simulation system is the key part of military training of individuals;it can also allow the realistic evaluation of the performance of modern equipments and techniques.As a proof,we have drawn up a series of simulation scenarios,such as radar electronic reconnaissance simulation scenario,to explain the feasibility and the superiority of our modeling scheme in this paper.

基于信号子空间处理的ATI误差校正方法

在机载合成孔径雷达/地面动目标指示(SAR/GMTI)应用中,各误差因素常使得沿航迹干涉(ATI)方法失效,限制其实际应用。推导并仿真了同步定时误差和姿态误差引入干涉相位误差,导致ATI动目标检测性能下降的情况,提出了一种基于信号子空间处理的解决方法,并对以上误差情况分别进行了分析和校正。仿真结果表明,该方法可使ATI对误差因素的敏感度下降,从而提高动目标检测性能,扩大ATI的适用范围,具有一定的工程参考价值。

Comparative Assessment on the Performance of Open-Loop and Closed-Loop IFOGs

In this paper, we evaluated comprehensively the structure and operation of open-loop interferometric optical fiber gyroscopes (IFOG). To complete the previous works, a digital approach to derive the rotation angle in optical fiber gyroscopes is investigated theoretically. Results are simulated by the MATLAB software;therefore we could compare the results in simulated area with the values derived from theory. Also, feedback Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EFDA) FOGs, called FE-FOG, is categorized in closed-loop IFOGs. The procedure of finding the Sagnac shift for open-loop and closed-loop IFOG have been studied and compared to one another. The signal processing in the open-loop IFOG was simulated using Matlab software and for the closed-loop IFOG by PSCAD. In the open-loop IFOG the analogue formulation of the IFOG in order to extract the phase shift is analyzed. A novel and promising method for derivation of Sagnac phase shift based on digital finite impulse response filtering is proposed. Based on our simulation results, the reliability and accuracy of the method is determined. In the closed-loop IFOG, the shift was derived through frequent use of Sagnac loop. The output signal is injected in the input again as feedback. The shift phase between clockwise and counterclockwise waves in each complete route, including primary and feedback route, is identified as Sagnac shift phase.