A real-time performance improvement method for composite time scale

The composite time scale(CTS)provides a stable,accurate,and reliable time scale for modern society.The improvement of CTS’s real-time performance will improve its stability,which strengths related applications’performance.Aiming at this goal,a method achieved by determining the optimal calculation interval and accelerating adjustment stage is proposed in this paper.The determinants of the CTS’s calculation interval(characteristics of the clock ensemble,the measurement noise,the time and frequency synchronization system’s noise and the auxiliary output generator noise floor)are studied and the optimal calculation interval is obtained.We also investigate the effect of ensemble algorithm’s initial parameters on the CTS’s adjustment stage.A strategy to get the reasonable initial parameters of ensemble algorithm is designed.The results show that the adjustment stage can be finished rapidly or even can be shorten to zero with reasonable initial parameters.On this basis,we experimentally generate a distributed CTS with a calculation interval of 500 s and its stability outperforms those of the member clocks when the averaging time is longer than1700 s.The experimental result proves that the CTS’s real-time performance is significantly improved.

Identification of potential internal control genes for real-time PCR analysis during stress response in Pyropia haitanensis

Pyropia haitanensis has prominent stress-resistance characteristics and is endemic to China. Studies into the stress responses in these algae could provide valuable information on the stress-response mechanisms in the intertidal Rhodophyta. Here, the effects of salinity and light intensity on the quantum yield of photosystem II in Py. haitanensis were investigated using pulse-amplitude-modulation fluorometry. Total RNA and genomic DNA of the samples under different stress conditions were isolated. By normalizing to the genomic DNA quantity, the RNA content in each sample was evaluated. The cDNA was synthesized and the expression levels of seven potential internal control genes were evaluated using qRT-PCR method. Then, we used geNorm, a common statistical algorithm, to analyze the qRT-PCR data of seven reference genes. Potential genes that may constantly be expressed under different conditions were selected, and these genes showed stable expression levels in samples under a salinity treatment, while tubulin, glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and actin showed stability in samples stressed by strong light. Based on the results of the pulse amplitude-modulation fluorometry, an absolute quantification was performed to obtain gene copy numbers in certain stress-treated samples. The stably expressed genes as determined by the absolute quantification in certain samples conformed to the results of the geNorm screening. Based on the results of the software analysis and absolute quantification, we proposed that elongation factor 3 and 18S ribosomal RNA could be used as internal control genes when the Py. haitanensis blades were subjected to salinity stress, and that a-tubulin and 18S ribosomal RNA could be used as the internal control genes when the stress was from strong light. In general, our findings provide a convenient reference for the selection of internal control genes when designing experiments related to stress responses in Py. haitanensis.

Reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis and quantitative expression of P5CS in Agropyron mongolicum under drought stress

Reference genes, stably expressing in different tissues and cells, are commonly used as the references in expression analysis. Selecting the optimum reference gene is crucial to the success of experiments. In this study, the expression stabilities of nine common reference genes, including ACT2, 18 S r RNA, APRT, EF-1α, RNA POL II, TUBα, TUBβ, GAPDH and TLF of Agropyron mongolicum, were studied under drought condition. Among them, 18 S r RNA was found to be the most optimum reference gene under drought stress by the analyzing of ge Norm and Norm Finder software. Quantitative expression levels of P5 CS using 18 S r RNA as the reference gene, and proline contents under drought stress in A. mongolicum were further operated, and we found the expression level of P5 CS gene and proline content had a significantly positive relationship（R^2=0.7763, P〈0.05）. This study established and validated 18 S r RNA as the reference genes in A. mongolicum under drought stress, providing a powerful tool for the quantitative expression analysis of drought genes in A. mongolicum.

Analysis of complete plasticity assumption for solid circular shaft under pure torsion and calculation of shear stress

The distribution of shear stress on the cross-section of plastic metal solid circular shaft under pure torsion yielding, the applicability of complete plastic model assumption and the shear stress formula were researched. Based on the shear stress formula of circular shaft under pure torsion in elastic stage, the formula of torque in elastic stage and the definition of yield, it is obtained that the yielding stage of plastic metal shaft under pure torsion is only a surface phenomenon of torque-torsion angle relationship, and the distribution of shear stress is essentially different from that of tensile stress when yielding under uniaxial tension. The pure torsion platform-torsion angle and the shape of torque-torsion angle curve cannot change the distribution of shear stress on the shaft cross-section. The distribution of shear stress is still linear with the maximum shear stress ts. The complete plasticity model assumption is not in accordance with the actual situation of shaft under torsion. The experimental strength data of nine plastic metals are consistent with the calculated results of the new limiting strain energy strength theory （LSEST）. The traditional yield stress formula for plastic shaft under torsion is reasonable. The shear stress formula based on the plane assumption in material mechanics is applicable for all loaded stages of torsion shaft.

The effect of Nb additive on Te-induced stress corrosion cracking in Ni alloy: a first-principles calculation

Nb can improve the resistance of Ni-based Hastelloy N alloy to Te-induced intergranular embrittlement.First-principles calculations are performed to research this mechanism by simulating the Ni(111) surface and the 5(012) grain boundary. The calculated adsorption energy suggests that Te atoms prefer diffusing along the grain boundary to forming the surface-reaction layer with Nb on surface of the Ni alloy. First-principles tensile tests show that the Nb segregation can enhance the cohesion of grain boundary. The strong Nb-Ni bonding can prevent the Te migration into the inside of the alloy. According to the Rice-Wang model, the strengthening/embrittling energies of Nb and Te are calculated, along with their mechanical and chemical components.The chemical bonds and electronic structures are analyzed to uncover the physical origin of the different effects of Te and Nb. Our work sheds lights on the effect of Nb additive on the Te-induced intergranular embrittlement in Hastelloy N alloy on the atomic and electronic level.

CALCULATION OF STRESSES IN A MULTIPLY-CONNECTED ANISOTROPIC PLATE USING STRESS FUNCTIONS OF MULTIPLE COMPLEX VARIABLES

On the basis of anisotropic mathematical elasticity,using multiple conformal representations, the stress functions of multiple complex variables for an infinite multiply-connected anisotropic plate are de- rived.The functions are developed in Fourier series on unit circles,and the unknown coefficients of the functions are determined by undetermined coefficients method.Then the stresses in the plate can be calcu- lated.A plate containing multiple elliptical holes or cracks is discussed,and the corresponding FORTRAN77 program is developed.Five examples are given.The results show that this method is very effective and convenient.

THE CALCULATION OF THE MULTIPLY－CONNECTED ELASTIC PLANE PROBLEMS BY MEANS OF STRESS FUNCTIONS OF MULTIPLE COMPLEX VARIABLES

On the basis of mathematical elastic theory, the stress functions of multiplecomplex variables are derived in an infinite multiply-connecied plate by using ,nultipleconformal represeniations. The funciions are developed in Fou ries series on unit circles,the unknown coefficients of the functions are deiermined by cornparing coefficientmethod, then the stresses in the plaie can be calculaied. A plate conlaining multipleelliptical hofes is discussed, the corresponding FORTRAN77 program is finished. Twoexamples are given, they show that this method is very effective and convenient.

Study on Calculation Model of High Speed Machine Silicon Steel Sheet Electromagnetic Characteristics Considering Magnetic, Stress and Temperature Condition

High-speed motor has the characteristics of high frequency, high temperature, and more stress, resulting in the field distribution inside the motor being complicated. To better study the electromagnetic characteristics of silicon steel sheet for high-speed motor. In this article, a study on the calculation model of silicon sheet electromagnetic characteristics considers the effects of electromagnetic, stress, and temperature factors. The study is divided into two parts, one is to propose the calculation model of silicon steel sheet’s permeability;the other is to improve the calculation model of silicon steel sheet’s loss. Then, the magnetic field, stress field, and temperature field of a surface mount high speed permanent magnet motor(SMHSPMSM) are analyzed by finite element method(FEM), and the results under the consideration of magnetic, stress, and temperature factors are brought into the calculation model for calculation. Finally, the accuracy of the calculation model for electromagnetic characteristics of silicon steel sheet is verified by comparing the calculated results with the finite element results.

Application of Real-time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR in Plant

Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR （RQ-PCR） is a detection method by adding fluorescent dye or fluorescent probe into the PCR reaction system, using fluorescent signal accumulation to monitor amplification reactions of PCR reaction process, and finally the unknown template can be quantitatively analyzed through the standard curve. So the detection level of PCR has improved from the qualitative to the quantitative. In order to provide a theoretical reference for further application, the principle, classification, advantages and disadvantages of RQ-PCR were intro- duced, and its application and progress in plants in recent years were reviewed.

Integrated real-time roof monitoring

CSIRO has recently developed a real-time roof monitoring system for under-groundcoal mines and successfully tried the system in gate roads at Ulan Mine.The systemintegrated displacement monitoring,stress monitoring and seismic monitoring in onepackage.It included GEL multianchor extensometers,vibrating wire uniaxial stress meters,ESG seismic monitoring system with microseismic sensors and high-frequency AE sensors.The monitoring system automated and the data can be automatically collected by acentral computer located in an underground nonhazardous area.The data are then transferredto the surface via an optical fiber cable.The real-time data were accessed at anylocation with an Internet connection.The trials of the system in two tailgates at Ulan Minedemonstrate that the system is effective for monitoring the behavior and stability of roadwaysduring Iongwall mining.The continuous roof displacement/stress data show clearprecursors of roof falls.The seismic data (event count and locations) provide insights intothe roof failure process during roof fall.

NUMERICAL CALCULATION AND APPLICATION OF CNOIDAL WAVE THEORY

In this paper expressions for the solution and general properties (wave energy, radiation stress, etc.) of the first-order cnoidal wave theory are given as a power series of the complementary modulus of the theta function. These expressions are convenient for numerical calculation because they converge very rapidly over the applicable range of Ursell number (Us> 10) for the theory. As examples of practical application, the relative height of wave crest, maximum bottom velocity, radiation stress, wave set-down and set-up are calculated. Comparisons between calculated values and experimental data are made.

Aero-thermo-elastic Numerical Calculation and Analysis of Spinning Rocket

The application of computational fluid dynamics/computational solid method(CFD/CSM)on solving the aero-thermo-elastic problem of spinning rocket is introduced.Firstly,the aerodynamic coefficients of a rocket are calculated,and the results are compared with the available experimental data,which verified the accuracy of the CFD output.Then,analysis is carried using ANSYS Workbench multi-physics coupling platform,which includes fluid,thermal,and structural solvers.The results show that spinning causes a significant effect on the deformations and stresses.Furthermore,thermal stresses due to high temperature at the rocket warhead and tail edges have a dominated effect,even more than those produced by aerodynamic forces.Consequently,this important outcome should be taken into consideration during the rocket design stages.

Calculating method of contact stress for non-circular gears

According to Hertz theory, the difference of contact stress for non-circular gears and equivalent gears is compared in the paper, a calculating method of contact stress for non-circular gears by using equivalent gears is researched, and computing formulas of power and rotation speed for equivalent gears are deduced. A numerical simulation of contact stress for non-circular gears has also been conducted based on the finite element method. By the comparison of fitting curves, the feasibility of using equivalent gears instead of non-circular gears to calculate the contact stress is testified.

Effects of Numerical Methods on the Calculation of Developing Plane Channel Flow

In wall-bounded turbulent flow calculations, the past focus has been directed to the modelling of the Reynolds-stress gradients. Not much attention has been paid to the effects of the numerical methods used to calculate these terms and the modelled equations. Discrepancies between model calculations and measurements are quite often attributed to incorrect modelling, while the suitability and accuracy of the numerical methods used are seldom scrutinized. Instead, alternate near-wall and Reynolds-stress models are proposed to remedy the incorrect turbulent flow calculations. On the other hand, if care is not taken in the numerical treatment of the Reynolds-stress gradient terms, physically unrealistic results and solution instability could occur. Previous studies by the author and his collaborators on the effects of numerical methods have shown that some of the more commonly used numerical methods could enhance numerical stability in the solution procedure but would introduce considerable inaccuracy to the results. The flow cases chosen to demonstrate these inaccuracies are a backstep flow and flow in a square duct, where flow complexities are present. The current investigation attempts to show that the above-mentioned effects of numerical methods could also occur in the calculation of a developing plane channel flow, where flow complexities are absent. In addition, this study shows that the results thus obtained lead to a predicted skin friction coefficient that is influenced more by the numerical method used than by the turbulence model invoked. Together, these results show that numerical treatment of the Reynolds-stress gradients in the equations play an important role, even for a developing plane channel flow.

基于温度--应力试验的混凝土温度应力仿真

为分析早龄期混凝土的温度变形和温度应力,使用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,考虑混凝土的热膨胀系数和弹性模量随等效龄期的变化规律,通过现有的堆石坝面板混凝土温度—应力试验测试数据建立温度—应力试验试件有限元分析模型,开展混凝土温度变形对应的温度场和应力场的数值仿真研究。研究结果表明:使用等效龄期,考虑早龄期混凝土热膨胀系数、弹性模量的时变性,可以提高温度应力场仿真模拟的精度,为实际工程提供更安全的设计依据。

光纤陀螺仪光纤尾纤装配动力学建模仿真与应力计算方法

光纤陀螺仪(FOG)中光纤尾纤的装配主要依靠工人手工完成,装配应力控制凭借人工经验,一致性难以保障。针对光纤装配应力定量控制的难题,提出一种基于离散微分几何理论的光纤动力学建模仿真方法。首先,基于离散微分几何理论建立了光纤运动学框架,并由弹性势能推导了包含拉伸、弯曲和扭转变形的光纤动力学方程以及应力计算方法。其次,提出了基于Newmark隐式算法的光纤动力学方程数值求解方法,并设计了光纤在装配过程中与周围物体的碰撞检测与响应策略。随后,进行了光纤圆周布设和弯扭变形的仿真测试。结果表明,光纤控制端与固定端之间的自由长度越短,光纤圆周布设的位置越精确;光纤截面半径越大,在同样的扭转角下光纤产生的弯扭变形程度越大。最后,设计了一种光纤陀螺仪装配布局,并通过动力学仿真得到了光纤装配过程的应力分布及最大应力变化,为陀螺仪光路低应力装配与路径规划提供了理论支撑。

围缘扁钢加强的开圆孔无限平板应力解析算法

为了研究围缘扁钢加强的开圆孔无限平板应力解析计算方法,近似认为围缘扁钢区域的平均应力处于广义平面应力状态。运用复变函数论的方法,将应力函数表示为两个待定的解析函数;列出围缘扁钢的边界条件、围缘扁钢与平板之间的应力连接条件和位移连接条件,求出应力函数,根据求出的应力函数便可求出应力。为了描述围缘扁钢减缓孔口应力集中的效果,提出围缘扁钢加强系数的定义。算例计算表明:本文提出的解析算法计算结果与有限元法计算结果吻合良好,围缘扁钢加强的开圆孔无限平板应力普遍小于开圆孔无限平板应力,围缘扁钢加强效果明显;相同体积的加强构件,围缘扁钢的加强效果优于环形加厚板。

量化评估策略在急性结石性胆囊炎患者手术室护理中的应用

目的探讨量化评估策略(MBC)在急性结石性胆囊炎(ACC)患者手术室护理中的应用效果。方法选取2021年7月至2022年7月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的120例ACC患者,根据建档顺序分组。所有患者均行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗,对照组60例接受常规手术室护理,在对照组基础上观察组60例接受基于MBC的手术室护理。观察两组术后康复进程,术前10 min、术中麻醉后5 min、术后10 min躯体应激[心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)],术前10 min、术后10 min症状自评量表(SCL-90)评分及并发症情况。结果观察组首次排气时间、首次下床时间、进食时间、住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05);术前10 min、术中麻醉后5 min、术后10 min观察组DBP、SBP、HR指标低于对照组(P<0.05);术前10 min、术后10 min观察组SCL-90评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症总发生率(5.00%)低于对照组(18.33%)(P<0.05)。结论MBC在ACC患者手术室护理中,能降低术后并发症发生率,减轻患者身心应激反应,有利于加速患者康复进程。

硬化模型对Ti80厚板焊接热-力耦合仿真计算的影响

在船用Ti80钛合金厚板的多层多道焊接中,材料经历了多次热-力循环的作用,焊接接头需要考虑材料在循环载荷作用下的热塑性变形行为,而不同的塑性本构模型所表达的材料力学特性存在明显差别,因此材料塑性模型对焊接残余应力的模拟计算有着直接影响。文中通过对Ti80钛合金材料在不同温度(20~900℃)的拉伸试验以及不同温度(20~800℃)的低周疲劳试验,获得了Ti80钛合金材料的理想弹塑性模型、各向同性硬化模型、随动硬化模型和混合硬化模型的材料参数。采用不同硬化模型对Ti80焊接接头焊接残余应力进行模拟计算,并采用X射线测量残余应力,将获得的残余应力结果进行对比,分析不同硬化模型对焊接残余应力的影响。结果表明,理想塑性模型低估了残余应力的大小,各向同性硬化模型略微高估了熔池及其附近的残余应力大小,随动硬化模型与混合硬化模型残余应力计算值较为接近,前者略小,后者可较精确预测残余应力。从工程应用的角度来看,推荐各向同性应变硬化模型,该模型在残余应力预报的数值最大,使用该模型可以获得相对保守的预测值。

南流江预应力连续梁式渡槽抗震性能

预应力连续梁式渡槽具有整体受力条件好、施工工艺成熟且方便的优势,在实际工程中运用广泛,其具有良好的抗震性能是保证工程安全运行的关键。以采用预应力连续梁式渡槽形式的南流江大渡槽为例,通过Midas-civil分析软件建立有限元模型并施加拟合生成的地震波,对渡槽的抗震性能进行研究。结果表明,在拟合生成的地震波与场地类别、分区特征周期相近的人工地震波E1、E2作用下,南流江大渡槽的顺桥向及横桥向的桥墩强度验算和变形均满足要求,具有安全可靠的抗震性能。