Recently,switched Ethernet has become an active area of research because of its wide uses in industry.However,its uses have various real-time constraints on data communications.This paper analyzes the performance of t...Recently,switched Ethernet has become an active area of research because of its wide uses in industry.However,its uses have various real-time constraints on data communications.This paper analyzes the performance of the line topology switched Ethernet as a data acquisition network.Network calculus theory,which has been successfully applied to assess the real-time performance of packet-switched networks,is used to analyze the networks.To properly describe the activity of switches,a novel approach of modeling data flows into or out of switches is addressed.Based on our model,a concisely analytical expression of the maximal end-to-end delay in line topology switched Ethernet is derived.Finally,the relative simulation results are demonstrated.These results agree well with the analytical results,and thus they validate the data flow modeling techniques.展开更多
Packet contention is a key issue in optical packet switch (OPS) networks and finds a viable solution by including optical buffering techniques incorporating fiber delay lines (FDLs) in the switch architecture. The pre...Packet contention is a key issue in optical packet switch (OPS) networks and finds a viable solution by including optical buffering techniques incorporating fiber delay lines (FDLs) in the switch architecture. The present paper proposes a novel switch architecture for packet contention resolution in synchronous OPS network employing the packet circulation in FDLs in a synchronized manner. A mathematical model for the proposed switch architecture is developed employing packet queuing control to estimate the blocking probability for the incoming traffic. The switch performance is analyzed with a suitable contention resolution al-gorithm through the computer simulation. The simulation results substantiate the proposed model for the switch architecture.展开更多
An empirical study was addressed to explore the language switching selection based on conflict resolution task between bilinguals and monolinguals. The Double-Source interference task was designed to investigate the i...An empirical study was addressed to explore the language switching selection based on conflict resolution task between bilinguals and monolinguals. The Double-Source interference task was designed to investigate the interaction of attentional network and bilingual＇s language conflict resolution capacity. ANOVA for repeated measurement was used to measure the main effect of different attentional networks. The response time of alerting network was significant faster than that of executive network. There was also a significant main effect of different groups of subjects that bilinguals responded faster than monolinguals when operating alerting and executive network. Language switching paradigm can be used to interpret the neuro-cognitive process of oral consecutive interpreting, so the teaching implication will be discussed in the present study.展开更多
A real-time,long-term surface meteorological blended forcing dataset(SMBFD)has been developed based on station observations,satellite retrievals,and reanalysis products in China.The observations are collected at natio...A real-time,long-term surface meteorological blended forcing dataset(SMBFD)has been developed based on station observations,satellite retrievals,and reanalysis products in China.The observations are collected at national and regional automatic weather stations,satellite data are obtained from the Fengyun(FY)series satellites retrievals,and the reanalysis products are obtained from the ECMWF.The 90-m resolution digital terrain elevation data in China are obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission(SRTM)for temperature and humidity elevation adjustment.The dataset includes 2-m air temperature and humidity,10-m zonal and meridional winds,downward shortwave radiation,surface pressure,and precipitation.The spatial resolution is 1 km,and the temporal resolution is 1 h.During the data processing procedure,various data fusion techniques including the space–time multiscale variational analysis,the discrete ordinates radiative transfer(DISORT)model,the hybrid radiation estimation model,and a terrain correction algorithm are employed.Dependent and independent evaluations of the dataset are performed against observations.The SMBFD dataset is also compared with similar datasets produced in other major meteorological operational centers in the world.The results are as follows.(1)All variables show reasonable geographic distribution features and realistic spatial and temporal variations.(2)Dependent and independent evaluations both indicate that the gridded SMBFD dataset is close to the observations,while the dependent evaluation yields better results than the independent evaluation.(3)Compared with similar datasets produced in other meteorological operational centers,the real-time and retrospective surface meteorological fusion data obviously have higher quality.The dataset introduced in the present study is in general stable and accurate,and can be applied in various practice such as meteorology,agriculture,ecology,environmental protection,etc.Meanwhile,this dataset has been used as the atmospheric forcing data to drive the operational High-resolution Land Data Assimilation System of China Meteorological Administration.The dataset with the network Common Data Form(NETCDF)can be decoded by various programming languages,and it is freely available to non-commercial users.展开更多
This paper reported the synthesis of hexaar- ylbiimidazole-tetraphenylethene （HABI-TPE） conjugated photochromic fluorophore, which simultaneously exhib- ited photochromic property, condensed state enhanced emission ...This paper reported the synthesis of hexaar- ylbiimidazole-tetraphenylethene （HABI-TPE） conjugated photochromic fluorophore, which simultaneously exhib- ited photochromic property, condensed state enhanced emission and reversible fluorescence switching. Upon UV irradiation, a green species with a broad absorption band between 550 and 800 nm（ the absorption maximum at 697 nm ） was observed, which readily faded to colorless in the darkness. HABI-TPE launched strong fluorescence with the maximum emission wavelength at 520 580 nm under the excitation with 450-500 nm visible light in condensed state, which is in contrast to nonfluorescence in solution. The maximum emission wavelength in condensed state was dependent of excitation wavelength. More interest- ingly, HABI-TPE exhibited reversible fluorescence switch- ing upon alternating irradiation with blue or near-UV light （wavelength less than 490 nm） and green light （more than 490 nm） in condensed state. Our evaluation demonstrated that HABI-TPE exhibited great photoswitchable fluores- cence, which is a promising photoswitchable fluorophore for localization-based super-resolution microscopy, evi- dencing by resolving nanostructures with sub-100nm resolution in polymethylmethacrylate films.展开更多
Because of the complexity and difficulty of realizing a multi-wavelength soliton state,reports on its internal dynamic characteristics are scarce.In this study,the switching and periodic soliton explosion processes of...Because of the complexity and difficulty of realizing a multi-wavelength soliton state,reports on its internal dynamic characteristics are scarce.In this study,the switching and periodic soliton explosion processes of the multi-wavelength soliton state in a negative dispersion passively mode-locked fiber laser are realized.The generation of the multi-wavelength soliton state undergoes the process of noise,oscillation,and stable mode-locking,and the splitting and annihilation of solitons with different group velocities directly impact the generation and disappearance of three wavelengths.Positive and negative dispersion lead to different group velocities of solitons.The presence and displacement of solitons with different group velocities cause soliton collisions,which lead to soliton explosions.A soliton experiences relative phase oscillation,chaos,and oscillation,as well as convergence and separation before and after an explosion.With an increase in parameters related to pump power,single-soliton oscillation,multi-wavelength solitons,and chaos are found in experiments and simulations,proving the relevance and reliability between simulation and experimental results.This work promotes the dynamical study of multi-soliton collisions in nonlinear science and the development of chaos theory in multi-comb lasers.展开更多
The faults in switched reluctance motors(SRMs) were detected and diagnosed in real time with the Kohonen neural network. When a fault happens, both financial losses and undesired situations may occur. For these reason...The faults in switched reluctance motors(SRMs) were detected and diagnosed in real time with the Kohonen neural network. When a fault happens, both financial losses and undesired situations may occur. For these reasons, it is important to detect the incipient faults of SRMs and to diagnose which faults have occurred. In this study, a test rig was realized to determine the healthy and faulty conditions of SRMs. A data set for the Kohonen neural network was created with implemented measurements. A graphical user interface(GUI) was created in Matlab to test the performance of the Kohonen artificial neural network in real time. The data of the SRM was transferred to this software with a data acquisition card. The condition of the motor was monitored by marking the data measured in real time on the weight position graph of the Kohonen neural network. This test rig is capable of real-time monitoring of the condition of SRMs, which are used with intermittent or continuous operation, and is capable of detecting and diagnosing the faults that may occur in the motor. The Kohonen neural network used for detection and diagnosis of faults of the SRM in real time with Matlab GUI was embedded in an STM32 processor. A prototype with the STM32 processor was developed to detect and diagnose the faults of SRMs independent of computers.展开更多
文摘Recently,switched Ethernet has become an active area of research because of its wide uses in industry.However,its uses have various real-time constraints on data communications.This paper analyzes the performance of the line topology switched Ethernet as a data acquisition network.Network calculus theory,which has been successfully applied to assess the real-time performance of packet-switched networks,is used to analyze the networks.To properly describe the activity of switches,a novel approach of modeling data flows into or out of switches is addressed.Based on our model,a concisely analytical expression of the maximal end-to-end delay in line topology switched Ethernet is derived.Finally,the relative simulation results are demonstrated.These results agree well with the analytical results,and thus they validate the data flow modeling techniques.
文摘Packet contention is a key issue in optical packet switch (OPS) networks and finds a viable solution by including optical buffering techniques incorporating fiber delay lines (FDLs) in the switch architecture. The present paper proposes a novel switch architecture for packet contention resolution in synchronous OPS network employing the packet circulation in FDLs in a synchronized manner. A mathematical model for the proposed switch architecture is developed employing packet queuing control to estimate the blocking probability for the incoming traffic. The switch performance is analyzed with a suitable contention resolution al-gorithm through the computer simulation. The simulation results substantiate the proposed model for the switch architecture.
文摘An empirical study was addressed to explore the language switching selection based on conflict resolution task between bilinguals and monolinguals. The Double-Source interference task was designed to investigate the interaction of attentional network and bilingual＇s language conflict resolution capacity. ANOVA for repeated measurement was used to measure the main effect of different attentional networks. The response time of alerting network was significant faster than that of executive network. There was also a significant main effect of different groups of subjects that bilinguals responded faster than monolinguals when operating alerting and executive network. Language switching paradigm can be used to interpret the neuro-cognitive process of oral consecutive interpreting, so the teaching implication will be discussed in the present study.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1506601)National Natural Science Foundation of China(91437220)China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund(GYHY201306045 and GYHY201506002).
文摘A real-time,long-term surface meteorological blended forcing dataset(SMBFD)has been developed based on station observations,satellite retrievals,and reanalysis products in China.The observations are collected at national and regional automatic weather stations,satellite data are obtained from the Fengyun(FY)series satellites retrievals,and the reanalysis products are obtained from the ECMWF.The 90-m resolution digital terrain elevation data in China are obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission(SRTM)for temperature and humidity elevation adjustment.The dataset includes 2-m air temperature and humidity,10-m zonal and meridional winds,downward shortwave radiation,surface pressure,and precipitation.The spatial resolution is 1 km,and the temporal resolution is 1 h.During the data processing procedure,various data fusion techniques including the space–time multiscale variational analysis,the discrete ordinates radiative transfer(DISORT)model,the hybrid radiation estimation model,and a terrain correction algorithm are employed.Dependent and independent evaluations of the dataset are performed against observations.The SMBFD dataset is also compared with similar datasets produced in other major meteorological operational centers in the world.The results are as follows.(1)All variables show reasonable geographic distribution features and realistic spatial and temporal variations.(2)Dependent and independent evaluations both indicate that the gridded SMBFD dataset is close to the observations,while the dependent evaluation yields better results than the independent evaluation.(3)Compared with similar datasets produced in other meteorological operational centers,the real-time and retrospective surface meteorological fusion data obviously have higher quality.The dataset introduced in the present study is in general stable and accurate,and can be applied in various practice such as meteorology,agriculture,ecology,environmental protection,etc.Meanwhile,this dataset has been used as the atmospheric forcing data to drive the operational High-resolution Land Data Assimilation System of China Meteorological Administration.The dataset with the network Common Data Form(NETCDF)can be decoded by various programming languages,and it is freely available to non-commercial users.
文摘This paper reported the synthesis of hexaar- ylbiimidazole-tetraphenylethene （HABI-TPE） conjugated photochromic fluorophore, which simultaneously exhib- ited photochromic property, condensed state enhanced emission and reversible fluorescence switching. Upon UV irradiation, a green species with a broad absorption band between 550 and 800 nm（ the absorption maximum at 697 nm ） was observed, which readily faded to colorless in the darkness. HABI-TPE launched strong fluorescence with the maximum emission wavelength at 520 580 nm under the excitation with 450-500 nm visible light in condensed state, which is in contrast to nonfluorescence in solution. The maximum emission wavelength in condensed state was dependent of excitation wavelength. More interest- ingly, HABI-TPE exhibited reversible fluorescence switch- ing upon alternating irradiation with blue or near-UV light （wavelength less than 490 nm） and green light （more than 490 nm） in condensed state. Our evaluation demonstrated that HABI-TPE exhibited great photoswitchable fluores- cence, which is a promising photoswitchable fluorophore for localization-based super-resolution microscopy, evi- dencing by resolving nanostructures with sub-100nm resolution in polymethylmethacrylate films.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12261131495,12075210,and 12275240)the Scientific Research and Development Fund of Zhejiang A&F University(Grant No.2021FR0009)。
文摘Because of the complexity and difficulty of realizing a multi-wavelength soliton state,reports on its internal dynamic characteristics are scarce.In this study,the switching and periodic soliton explosion processes of the multi-wavelength soliton state in a negative dispersion passively mode-locked fiber laser are realized.The generation of the multi-wavelength soliton state undergoes the process of noise,oscillation,and stable mode-locking,and the splitting and annihilation of solitons with different group velocities directly impact the generation and disappearance of three wavelengths.Positive and negative dispersion lead to different group velocities of solitons.The presence and displacement of solitons with different group velocities cause soliton collisions,which lead to soliton explosions.A soliton experiences relative phase oscillation,chaos,and oscillation,as well as convergence and separation before and after an explosion.With an increase in parameters related to pump power,single-soliton oscillation,multi-wavelength solitons,and chaos are found in experiments and simulations,proving the relevance and reliability between simulation and experimental results.This work promotes the dynamical study of multi-soliton collisions in nonlinear science and the development of chaos theory in multi-comb lasers.
基金Project(No.KBü-BAP-C-11-D-003)supported by the Karabük University BAP Unit,Turkey
文摘The faults in switched reluctance motors(SRMs) were detected and diagnosed in real time with the Kohonen neural network. When a fault happens, both financial losses and undesired situations may occur. For these reasons, it is important to detect the incipient faults of SRMs and to diagnose which faults have occurred. In this study, a test rig was realized to determine the healthy and faulty conditions of SRMs. A data set for the Kohonen neural network was created with implemented measurements. A graphical user interface(GUI) was created in Matlab to test the performance of the Kohonen artificial neural network in real time. The data of the SRM was transferred to this software with a data acquisition card. The condition of the motor was monitored by marking the data measured in real time on the weight position graph of the Kohonen neural network. This test rig is capable of real-time monitoring of the condition of SRMs, which are used with intermittent or continuous operation, and is capable of detecting and diagnosing the faults that may occur in the motor. The Kohonen neural network used for detection and diagnosis of faults of the SRM in real time with Matlab GUI was embedded in an STM32 processor. A prototype with the STM32 processor was developed to detect and diagnose the faults of SRMs independent of computers.
基金The Young Junior Faculties Programme of Education Department of Henan Province(No.2011GGJS-081)the Project in Natural Science Research Foundation of Education Department of Henan Province(No.2010A510002)
