Linear endoscopic ultrasound:Current uses and future perspectives in mediastinal examination

This editorial elaborates on the current and future applications of linear endoscopic ultrasound(EUS),a substantial diagnostic and therapeutic modality for various anatomical regions.The scope of endosonographic assessment is broad and,among other factors,allows for the evaluation of the mediastinal anatomy and related pathologies,such as mediastinal lymphadenopathy and the staging of central malignant lung lesions.Moreover,EUS assessment has proven more accurate in detecting small lesions missed by standard imaging examinations,such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging.We focus on its current uses in the mediastinum,including lung and esophageal cancer staging,as well as evaluating mediastinal lymphadenopathy and submucosal lesions.The editorial also explores future perspectives of EUS in mediastinal examination,including ultrasound-guided therapies,artificial intelligence integration,advancements in mediastinal modalities,and improved diagnostic approaches for various mediastinal lesions.

Correlation analysis of real-time three-dimensional ultrasound in diagnosis of left ventricular function, portal hemodynamics and severity of liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis

Objective:To analyze the correlation between real-time three-dimensional ultrasound in diagnosis of left ventricular function, portal hemodynamics and severity of liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods: 90 patients with cirrhosis admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled in the cirrhosis group, and the cirrhosis components were group A, B and C according to the Child-Pauh classification criteria. During the same period, 90 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination were selected as the control group;real-time three-dimensional ultrasonography was performed to examine left ventricular function and portal hemodynamic parameters;Pearson correlation was used to analyze left ventricular function, portal hemodynamics and liver. Functional severity relationship.Results: The left heart E and E/A levels in the cirrhosis group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the A level was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The Dpv and Q levels in the cirrhosis group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and the level of Vpv was significantly lower than that of healthy controls (P<0.05). There were significant differences in E, A and E/A levels between different Child-Paugh patients (P<0.05). There were significant differences in portal hemodynamics Dpv, Vpv and Q between the different Child-Paugh grades, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);left heart function E and E/A and liver function severity There was a significant negative correlation (P<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between left cardiac function A and liver function severity (P<0.05). Portal vein hemodynamics Dpv, Vpv and QE were significantly associated with liver function severity. Positive correlation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Real-time three-dimensional ultrasound can effectively detect left ventricular function and portal hemodynamics changes in patients with cirrhosis, and left heart function, portal hemodynamics and liver function severity are significantly correlated.

Real-time virtual sonography visualization and its clinical application in biliopancreatic disease

AIM:To evaluate the usefulness of real-time virtual sonography(RVS)in biliary and pancreatic diseases.METHODS:This study included 15 patients with biliary and pancreatic diseases.RVS can be used to observe an ultrasound image in real time by merging the ultrasound image with a multiplanar reconstruction computed tomography(CT)image,using pre-scanned CT volume data.The ultrasound used was EUB-8500with a convex probe EUP-C514.The RVS images were evaluated based on 3 levels,namely,excellent,good and poor,by the displacement in position.RESULTS:By combining the objectivity of CT with free scanning using RVS,it was possible to easily interpret the relationship between lesions and the surrounding organs as well as the position of vascular structures.The resulting evaluation levels of the RVS images were12 excellent(pancreatic cancer,bile duct cancer,cholecystolithiasis and cholangiocellular carcinoma)and 3 good(pancreatic cancer and gallbladder cancer).Compared with conventional B-mode ultrasonography and CT,RVS images achieved a rate of 80%superior visualization and 20%better visualization.CONCLUSION:RVS has potential usefulness in objective visualization and diagnosis in the field of biliary and pancreatic diseases.

Novel approach of ultrasound-guided lateral recess block for a patient with lateral recess stenosis: A case report

BACKGROUND Ultrasound guide technology,which can provide real-time visualization of the needle tip and tissues and avoid many adverse events,is widely used in mini-mally invasive therapy.However,the studies on ultrasound-guided Lateral recess block(LRB)are limited,this is probably because there is no recognized standard method for ultrasound scanning.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided LRB in patients with lateral recess stenosis(LRS).CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old patient complained of low back pain accompanied occasionally by pain and numbness in the left lower limb.Physical examination showed ten-derness on the spinous process and paraspinal muscles from L1 to S1,extensor hallucis longus and tibialis anterior weakness(muscle strength:4-),and a positive straight leg raising test in the left lower limb(60°).Magnetic resonance imaging showed L4–L5 disc degeneration with left LRS and nerve root entrapment.Subsequently,the patient was diagnosed with LRS.This patient was treated with a novel ultrasound-guided LRB approach.The patient’s symptoms significantly improved without any complications at 1 wk postoperatively and at the 3-month follow-up.CONCLUSION This is the first report on the LRS treatment with ultrasound-guided LRB from the contralateral spinous process along the inner side of the articular process by out-plane technique.Further studies are expected to investigate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided LRB for patients with LRS.

The Value of Clinical Breast Examination, Imaging, and Fine Needle Aspiration and the Challenge of Diagnosing Breast Cancer in a Low Resource Setting: A Hospital-Based Analytical Study in Yaounde

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the world, as well as in Cameroon, where it represents about 20.1% of all cancers recorded in 2020. The number of pathologists in the country is as few as seven for a population of about 26 million. The diagnostic performances of diagnostic modalities other than histology—clinical breast examination (CBE), imaging and fine needle aspiration and cytology (FNA)—in our context are not known. Study Objectives: Our objectives were to estimate the proportions of cases managed with mammography, breast ultrasound and FNA and to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of CBE, mammography, breast ultrasound and FNA;using histology as reference. Study Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and analytical, and was carried out at the Yaoundé General Hospital. It lasted twelve months, April 2015 through March 2016 and covered the period January 2010 to February 2016. Using histology as reference, we calculated measures of diagnostic accuracy for all four modalities using the statistical methods of Galen and Gambino. Results: We recruited 107 cases, 105 females (98.1%) and 02 males. We had 112 breast lumps, 106 malignant (94.6%) and 6 benign. The mean lump size was 61.1 mm. The most frequently used diagnostic tool after CBE was FNA (49.1%), while the diagnostic accuracies were 76.8%, 79.1%, 82.9%, and 82.0% for CBE, breast US, mammography and FNA. Conclusion: The four baseline diagnostic modalities for breast cancer are used sub-optimally and FNA appears to be the most commonly used in our setting after CBE. We recommend that FNA should be considered for diagnosis as appropriate but a negative result should not stop the quest for histological elimination of presence of malignancy.

Modified B-ultrasound method for measurement of antral section only to assess gastric function and guide enteral nutrition in critically ill patients

AIM To establish a modified B-ultrasound method of measuring the antral section only to assess gastric motility in healthy people,and evaluate its application in guiding enteral nutrition(EN) in critically ill patients. METHODS First,30 healthy volunteers were selected. The modified B-ultrasound method and the traditional B-ultrasound method were applied to assess gastric function. The correlation of indices of gastric function between the two groups was analyzed statistically. In addition,64 critically ill patients were selected,and the modified B-ultrasound method and the gastric juice withdrawal method were applied to guide the implementation of EN. Daily caloric value,the time required to achieve complete EN,ICU stay,hospitalization time,and serum prealbumin and albumin levels were recorded and compared between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare the complications of EN between the two groups. RESULTS In healthy subjects,there was a good correlation among gastric emptying time,antral contraction frequency andantral motility index between the two groups(r = 0.57,0.61 and 0.54,respectively). The study on critically ill patients also revealed that a better effect of EN was achieved in the modified B-ultrasound method group,in which patients had shorter ICU stay and hospitalization time and higher levels of serum prealbumin and albumin. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the improved B-ultrasound method was associated with significantly fewer EN complications(P = 0.031).CONCLUSION The modified B-ultrasound method can provide a good real-time assessment of gastric function and has a better effect than the traditional method in guiding EN in critically ill patients.

State-of-the-art imaging techniques in endoscopic ultrasound

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has recently evolved through technological improvement of equipment,with a major clinical impact in digestive and mediastinal diseases.State-of-the-art EUS equipment now includes real-time sono-elastography,which might be useful for a better characterization of lesions and increased accuracy of differential diagnosis (for e.g.lymph nodes or focal pancreatic lesions).Contrast-enhanced EUS imaging is also available,and is already being used for the differential diagnosis of focal pancreatic masses.The recent development of low mechanical index contrast harmonic EUS imaging offers hope for improved diagnosis,staging and monitoring of anti-angiogenic treatment.Tridimensional EUS (3D-EUS) techniques can be applied to enhance the spatial understanding of EUS anatomy,especially for improved staging of tumors,obtained through a better assessment of the relationship with major surrounding vessels.Despite the progress gained through all these imaging techniques,they cannot replace cytological or histological diagnosis.However,real-time optical histological diagnosis can be achieved through the use of single-fiber confocal laser endomicroscopy techniques placed under real-time EUS-guidance through a 22G needle.Last,but not least,EUS-assisted natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) procedures offer a whole new area of imaging applications,used either for combination of NOTES peritoneoscopy and intraperitoneal EUS,but also for access of retroperitoneal organs through posterior EUS guidance.

Real Time Ultrasound Elastography for the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of real-time ultrasound elastography (RUE) in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules, with fine needle aspiration cytology analysis as the reference standard. A total of 78 consecutive patients with thyroid nodules who were selected for fine needle aspiration biopsies were examined in this prospective study. 78 nodules in these patients were examined by conventional ultrasound, and ultrasound elastography. The final diagnosis was obtained from cytological findings. Tissue stiffness on ultrasound elastography was scored from 1 (low stiffness over the entire nodule) to 5 (high stiffness over the entire nodule and surrounding tissue). On real-time ultrasound elastography, 47 of 62 benign nodules (76%) had a score of 1 or 2, whereas 15 of 16 malignant nodules had a score of 3 to 5, with sensitivity of 93.7%, specificity of 90%, a positive predictive value of 71%, and a negative predictive value of 98%. Real-time ultrasound elastography is a promising imaging technique that is useful in the differential diagnosis of thyroid cancer. Utilization of ultrasound elastography could reduce the rate of thyroid biopsies because of its high elasticity being highly associated with benign cytology.

Clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided pulsed radiofrequency combined with ganglion impar block for treatment of perineal pain

BACKGROUND Ganglion impar block alone or pulsed radiofrequency alone are effective options for treating perineal pain.However,ganglion impar block combined with pulsed radiofrequency(GIB-PRF)for treating perineal pain is rare and the puncture is usually performed with X-ray or computed tomography guidance.AIM To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of real-time ultrasound-guided GIBPRF in treating perineal pain.METHODS Thirty patients with perineal pain were included and were treated by GIB-PRF guided by real-time ultrasound imaging between January 2015 and December 2016.Complications were recorded to observe the safety of the ultrasound-guided GIB-PRF procedure,and visual analogue scale(VAS)scores at 24 h before and after treatment and 1,3,and 6 mo later were analyzed to evaluate clinical efficacy.RESULTS Ultrasound-guided GIB-PRF was performed successfully in all patients,and no complications occurred.Compared with pretreatment scores,the VAS scores were significantly lower(P<0.05)at the four time points after treatment.The VAS scores at 1 and 3 mo were slightly lower than those at 24 h(P>0.05)and were significantly lower at 6 mo after treatment(P<0.05).There was a tendency toward lower VAS scores at 6 mo after treatment compared with those at 1 and 3 mo(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Ultrasound-guided GIB-PRF was a safe and effective way to treat perineal pain.The 6-mo short-term clinical efficacy was favorable,but the long-term outcomes need future study.

Current use of intraoperative ultrasound in modern liver surgery

Ultrasound plays an important role not only in preoperative diagnosis but also in intraoperative guidance for liver surgery.Intraoperative ultrasound(IOUS)has become an indispensable tool for modern liver surgeons,especially for minimally invasive surgeries,partially substituting for the surgeon’s hands.In fundamental mode,Doppler mode,contrast enhancement,elastography,and real-time virtual sonography,IOUS can provide additional real-time information regarding the intrahepatic anatomy,tumor site and characteristics,macrovascular invasion,resection margin,transection plane,perfusion and outflow of the remnant liver,and local ablation efficacy for both open and minimally invasive liver resections.Identification and localization of intrahepatic lesions and surrounding structures are crucial for performing liver resection,preserving the adjacent vital vascular and bile ducts,and sparing the functional liver parenchyma.Intraoperative ultrasound can provide critical information for intraoperative decision-making and navigation.Therefore,all liver surgeons must master IOUS techniques,and IOUS should be included in the training of modern liver surgeons.Further investigation of the potential benefits and advances in these techniques will increase the use of IOUS in modern liver surgeries worldwide.This study comprehensively reviews the current use of IOUS in modern liver surgeries.

盆底超声检查和Green分型诊断产妇产后早期盆底结构及压力性尿失禁

目的:探究盆底超声检查和Green分型在产妇产后早期盆底结构及压力性尿失禁(SUI)诊断中的价值。方法:选取2021年3月-2023年3月本院就诊经产妇204例,根据产后早期(6~8周)SUI发生情况分为SUI组(82例)和非SUI组(122例)。检查产妇静息和Valsalva动作状态下膀胱颈距耻骨联合下缘的距离(BSD)、膀胱尿道后角(PUA)、膀胱颈移动度(BND)和尿道旋转角(UR),对比Green分型;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析相关参数诊断SUI价值。结果:静息状态下,两组盆底超声参数无差异(P>0.05);SUI组Valsalva动作状态下的BSD、PUA、BND和UR值均大于非SUI组,Green分型Ι型占比(25.6%)低于非SUI组(59.8%)(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析,Green分型曲线下面积(AUC)0.579,对SUI诊断价值不佳(P=0.057),Valsalva动作状态下BSD(AUC=0.758)、PUA(AUC=0.743)、BND(AUC=0.769)和UR(AUC=0.705)对SUI诊断价值良好(均P<0.05)。结论:盆底超声检查和Green分型能有效评估经产妇早期盆底结构状况,前者可诊断SUI。

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Gastrointestinal Tract Tumors and Related Organs: Predictive Factors for Accurate Cytopathological Diagnosis

Background: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is well-established, highly accurate clinical diagnostic test for detection and staging of gastrointestinal tract lesions and related organs. The addition of endoscopic guided fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNAC) has improved the performance characteristics of EUS. Aim: Evaluate the validity of EUS-FNAC in diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract lesions and related organs and assess predictive factors for an accurate EUS-FNAC diagnosis. Methods: Our study included cytological sampling from one hundred sixty-six lesions obtained from gastrointestinal tract and related organs. Factors affecting EUS-FNA accuracy were analyzed. The histopathological results or clinical follow-up were used as the gold standard method. Results: Samples were obtained from: pancreatic masses (n = 80), gastric masses (n = 34), lymph nodes (n = 22), hepatobiliary masses (n = 18) and rectal masses (n = 2). Statistical analysis of sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value, and diagnostic accuracy of EUS alone was 80.4%, 51.6%, 75.8%, 76.2% and 75.9% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of EUS-FNAC are 78.8%, 96.8%, 97.6% and 73.2% respectively. Addition of FNAC to EUS improved diagnostic accuracy to 85.5%. Positive statistical association was present between cytological adequacy and adequate cell block preparations, larger lesion size, presence of rapid on site evaluation (ROSE) and obtaining at least two passes from target lesion. Conclusions: EUS is valuable diagnostic and cost effective tool for gastrointestinal tract lesions and related organs when combined with FNAC.

妊娠晚期感染新型冠状病毒孕妇胎儿产前多普勒超声检查及妊娠结局分析

目的:探讨妊娠晚期新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染孕妇的胎儿产前超声、多普勒检查结果及妊娠结局。方法:比较42例确诊轻度SARS-CoV-2感染的妊娠晚期孕妇和103例阴性孕妇产前超声、多普勒血流、胎儿出生体重、出生孕周、生产方式、妊娠结局、孕妇并发症及新生儿情况的差异。结果:SARS-CoV-2感染孕妇较阴性孕妇妊娠期BMI升高,胎儿大脑中动脉搏动指数和脑胎盘比减小,产前胎心异常及子痫前期发生率升高(P<0.05)。结论:轻度SARS-CoV-2感染孕妇并不存在较高的胎儿生长受限风险。

基于实时目标检测网络的胎儿颜面部超声切面识别及应用

目的:探讨基于实时目标检测网络的人工智能(AI)模型在胎儿颜面部超声检查中的应用价值。方法:以妊娠20~24周正常胎儿颜面部超声标准切面(FFUSP)图像为研究对象,构建基于实时目标检测网络的FFUSP识别模型,观察其对FFUSP及其解剖结构的识别精度;通过临床验证分析其对119例胎儿超声图像中FFUSP识别效能以评价其临床应用价值。结果:AI模型对胎儿颜面部结构识别的整体查准率为97.8%、查全率为98.5%、mAP@.5为98.1%、mAP@.5:.95为61.0%。在临床验证中,AI模型对颜面部解剖结构识别的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确率分别为100.0%、98.5%、87.4%、100.0%、98.7%,与胎儿超声专家分类一致性强(k=0.925,P<0.001);对3类标准切面图像的识别准确率为100%;动态视频检测平均速度为33.93帧/s。结论:基于实时目标检测网络的FFUSP识别模型性能优越,可应用于实时超声检查辅助诊断、教学及智能化质量评价。

颈部淋巴结结核超声检查表现及其预后分析

目的探讨颈部淋巴结结核的超声特征,分析超声检查不同声像图表现与颈部淋巴结结核预后的关系。方法选取在北京胸科医院经病理确诊并接受规律抗结核治疗的109例颈部淋巴结结核患者超声检查不同声像图表现,根据液化情况分为两组:无液化及液化范围<50%的淋巴结作为A组(63例),液化范围≥50%的淋巴结作为B组(46例),停药时比较两组淋巴结的缩小率,分析两组的预后是否存在差异。结果规律抗结核至患者停药,两组病例中A组淋巴结缩小率大于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论A组淋巴结抗结核治疗后预后更好,超声检查可以全程观察颈部淋巴结结核患者的淋巴结情况、对疾病的诊断及预后有指导价值。

超声检查联合NIPT在高龄孕妇产前筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨超声检查联合无创产前DNA检测(NIPT)在高龄孕妇中对胎儿染色体异常筛查的临床应用价值。方法选取2020-2023年在宝鸡市妇幼保健院接受产前检查的3820例高龄孕妇作为研究对象,所有孕妇均接受超声检查及NIPT,以羊膜腔穿刺结果或妊娠结局作为胎儿染色体异常的诊断标准,比较超声检查、NIPT及二者联合应用对胎儿染色体异常的诊断情况。结果3820例高龄孕妇中NIPT筛查出高风险57例;超声检查软指标异常95例,结构异常63例;超声检查联合NIPT诊断胎儿染色体异常的灵敏度、特异度和阳性预测值分别为93.18%、99.89%、91.11%。结论高龄孕妇胎儿染色体产前筛查中,超声检查联合NIPT可以相互补充参考,可有效提高染色体异常检出的灵敏度、特异度,降低假阳性率和假阴性率,实现对出生缺陷的早发现、早诊断及早干预。

11~14周规范化超声筛查在胎儿心脏严重结构畸形中的应用

目的:探讨11~14周规范化超声筛查在胎儿心脏严重结构畸形中的应用价值。方法:回顾性选择2022年1月—2023年12月在九江市妇幼保健院进行早孕期超声检查的10000例孕妇,临床病例资料及超声影像学结果均齐全。统计早孕期规范化超声检查结果及随访结果,并分析早孕期规范化超声检查的诊断效能。结果:在本研究的10000例胎儿中,共30例存在心脏严重结构畸形;早孕期超声检查显示,40.00%(12/30)存在NT增厚,26.67%(8/30)存在DVa波反向,16.67%(5/30)存在三尖瓣返流(TR),共诊断25例胎儿存在心脏严重结构畸形,漏诊5例,检出率为83.33%(25/30)。以随访结果为金标准,早孕期胎儿规范化超声检查诊断心脏严重结构畸形的敏感度为83.33%,特异度为100%,准确率为99.95%,阳性预测值为100%,阴性预测值为99.95%,与随访结果高度一致。结论:早孕期规范化超声检查诊断胎儿心脏严重结构畸形的准确率较高,值得推广应用。

生殖系统超声参数与性早熟女性患儿内分泌激素表达的关系及对治疗效果的评估

目的:探讨性早熟(PP)女性患儿的生殖系统超声参数与内分泌激素表达的关系以及对治疗效果的评估。方法:选取2021年1-12月在北京京煤集团总医院就诊的160例疑似PP女性患儿,依据PP诊断将其分为阳性组和正常组,每组80例。对两组患儿进行子宫、卵巢及乳腺的超声检查,测量相关参数,并检测血清中的内分泌激素水平。对阳性组患儿进行治疗后,再次行超声检查和内分泌激素检测,评估治疗效果。比较两组间的超声参数与内分泌激素差异及相关性,以及对治疗效果的影响因素。结果:阳性组患儿的子宫长径、厚径、宫体与宫颈长度之比,以及宫内膜厚度、卵巢大小、卵泡数量、乳腺低回声区宽径和厚度均显著大于正常组,差异有统计学意义(t=16.8、12.6、12.4、14.7、11.5、15.8、10.9、10.2,P<0.05);阳性组子宫动脉阻力指数(RI)为0.58±0.07,显著小于正常组(0.67±0.06),差异有统计学意义(t=-7.9,P<0.05)。阳性组患儿的血清雌二醇(E2)、促性腺激素(GnRH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、孕酮(P)及生长激素(GH)水平均显著高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(t=20.6、19.8、15.4、17.6、15.2、8.9,P<0.05)。阳性组患儿经过治疗后,上述超声参数和内分泌激素水平均有明显改善。相关分析显示,超声参数与内分泌激素水平呈正相关,是内分泌激素水平的重要影响因素,治疗效果与超声参数(OR=0.78~1.28,P<0.05)、内分泌激素水平(OR=0.73~0.77,P<0.05)、年龄、身高、体重、体质量指数(BMI)等因素有关(OR=0.70~0.72,P<0.05)。结论:PP女性患儿的生殖系统超声参数与内分泌激素表达有密切的关系,内分泌激素水平可以作为PP女性患儿的病情和预后的重要指标。

DNA无创产前检测及彩色多普勒超声检查在高危孕妇胎儿 染色体异常筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨DNA无创产前检测(NIPT)及彩色多普勒超声(简称彩超)检查在高危孕妇胎儿染色体异常筛查中的应用价值。方法选取2020年1月至2022年12月于该院接受产前检查的5862例高危孕妇作为研究对象,均接受NIPT、彩超检查,以羊水穿刺结果或分娩结局作为诊断胎儿染色体异常的金标准,比较NIPT、彩超检查及二者联合检查对高危孕妇胎儿染色体异常的诊断效能。结果5862例高危孕妇中共检出167例胎儿染色体异常,检出率为2.85%。167例胎儿染色体异常中胎儿染色体数目异常161例,构成比为96.41%;胎儿染色体结构异常6例,构成比为3.59%。彩超检查共诊断出119例孕妇胎儿染色体异常,经一致性分析,彩超检查诊断胎儿染色体异常的灵敏度为0.713,特异度为0.884,准确率为87.96%,Kappa=0.215,P<0.05。NIPT共诊断出133例孕妇胎儿染色体异常,经一致性分析,NIPT诊断胎儿染色体异常的灵敏度为0.796,特异度为0.945,准确率为94.05%,Kappa=0.408,P<0.05。彩超检查联合NIPT共诊断出158例孕妇胎儿染色体异常,经一致性分析,二者联合检查诊断胎儿染色体异常的灵敏度为0.946,特异度为0.986,准确率为98.50%,Kappa=0.775,P<0.05。结论NIPT与彩超检查用于筛查高危孕妇胎儿染色体异常均具有一定价值,二者联合检查可获得更高的灵敏度、特异度和准确率,能有效降低漏诊及误诊风险。

肺部超声检查在血液透析合并新型冠状病毒感染中的临床研究

目的探讨肺部超声检查在血液透析合并新型冠状病毒感染中的诊断及治疗策略,以期为临床同行提供参考依据。方法分析1例成功治愈的维持性血液透析合并重型新型冠状病毒感染患者的诊断、治疗等基本临床资料,采用“新型冠状病毒感染”“血液透析”“肺部超声检查”作为关键词对中国知网、PubMed数据库2020-2023年发表的文献进行检索。结果维持性血液透析合并新型冠状病毒感染患者经氧气治疗、抗病毒、抗炎、血液净化(利用肺部超声评估肺部B线变化)、抗感染、抗凝等治疗后痊愈出院,白细胞介素-6、淋巴细胞计数、C反应蛋白、降钙素原、红细胞沉降率、D-二聚体水平均正常,咽拭子新型冠状病毒核酸抗原检测阴性,床旁肺部超声检查提示双肺未见明显B线,肺部CT检查提示肺部渗出明显吸收。文献检索结果:共检索到文献35篇,排除16篇,最终保留可用文献19篇。结合病例分析及文献复习,对肺部超声检查在维持性血液透析合并新型冠状病毒感染中的临床诊断及治疗方法进行分析总结。结论床旁肺部超声检查在识别和分层维持性血液透析合并重型新型冠状病毒感染患者方面非常有效,可即时、准确评估患者的容量状态,保证患者透析的充分性。