Background: The persistence of the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is linked to the appearance of several variants of SARS-CoV2 with an impact on biological diagnosis, treatment and vaccination. The United State...Background: The persistence of the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is linked to the appearance of several variants of SARS-CoV2 with an impact on biological diagnosis, treatment and vaccination. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted several SARS-CoV-2 detection tests Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for diagnosis and better epidemiological surveillance. Thus, multiple RT-PCR tests have been developed and brought to market in order to meet the urgent need for the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, comparative data between these tests in clinical laboratories are scarcely available to assess their performance. Objective: To compare two molecular methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2: the RT-PCR, Allplex™2019-nCoV tests on CFX96 Bio-Rad and the Abbott m2000sp/rt RealTime SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods: Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were taken from patients to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection. For each sample, we searched for the virus with two different RT-PCR tests: 1) first on Abbott m2000 SARS-CoV-2 targeting the N and RdRp genes, 2) then on Allplex™2019-nCoV Assay looking for the E, N and RdRp genes. Results: Percentages of the agreement were calculated. A total of 100 samples that tested negative and 90 positives on Abbott m2000 SARS-CoV-2 were retested on Allplex™2019-nCoV. Overall agreement was 74.74% on all samples. The specific agreement was 84% and 64.4% respectively for negative and positive samples with the RealTime SARS-CoV-2 test. A positive correlation (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.63;p Conclusion: Our results showed good overall agreement between RT-PCR, Allplex™2019-nCoV and Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 tests in the diagnosis of COVID-19. As the concordance is low for small viremias, the RT-PCR Allplex™2019-nCoV Assay would be better indicated during the acute and symptomatic phase of the disease.展开更多
电子电器产品中嵌入式软件的故障和失效已是产品质量出现问题的重要原因之一,软件测试是保证软件质量的重要手段,单元测试作为软件测试过程的第一阶段,高质量的测试效果是确保整个测试的必要条件。通过对典型嵌入式软件测试工具RTRT(Rat...电子电器产品中嵌入式软件的故障和失效已是产品质量出现问题的重要原因之一,软件测试是保证软件质量的重要手段,单元测试作为软件测试过程的第一阶段,高质量的测试效果是确保整个测试的必要条件。通过对典型嵌入式软件测试工具RTRT(Rational Test RealTime)的分析及利用RTRT进行实际电器产品软件单元测试的试验,结果表明RTRT是一个可以有效得应用于电子电器产品嵌入式软件开发和测试阶段的自动化测试工具,利用RTRT进行软件单元测试可以减少测试工作量,加快测试进度和提高软件测试质量。展开更多
AIM:To investigate the correlations between selfreported symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) and the gastrointestinal(GI) microbiota composition.METHODS:Fecal samples were collected from a total of 44 subjects d...AIM:To investigate the correlations between selfreported symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) and the gastrointestinal(GI) microbiota composition.METHODS:Fecal samples were collected from a total of 44 subjects diagnosed with IBS.Their symptoms were monitored with a validated inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire adjusted for IBS patients.Thirteen quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were applied to evaluate the GI microbiota composition.Eubacteria and GI bacterial genera(Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and Veillonella),groups(Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale,Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) and distinct bacterial phylotypes [closest 16S rDNA sequence resemblance to species Bifidobacterium catenulatum,Clostridium cocleatum,Collinsella aerofaciens(C.aerofaciens),Coprococcus eutactus(C.eutactus),Ruminococcus torques and Streptococcus bovis ] with a suspected association with IBS were quantified.Correlations between quantities or presence/absence data of selected bacterial groups or phylotypes and various IBSrelated symptoms were investigated.RESULTS:Associations were observed between subjects' self-reported symptoms and the presence or quantities of certain GI bacteria.A Ruminococcus torques(R.torques)-like(94% similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequence) phylotype was associated with severity of bowel symptoms.Furthermore,among IBS subjects with R.torques 94% detected,the amounts of C.cocleatum 88%,C.aerofaciens-like and C.eutactus 97% phylotypes were significantly reduced.Interesting observations were also made concerning the effect of a subject's weight on GI microbiota with regard to C.aerofaciens like phylotype,Bifidobacterium spp.and Lactobacillus spp.CONCLUSION:Bacteria seemingly affecting the symptom scores are unlikely to be the underlying cause or cure of IBS,but they may serve as biomarkers of the condition.展开更多
AIM To clarify the diagnostic performance of endocytoscopy for differentiation between neoplastic and nonneoplastic colorectal diminutive polyps.METHODS Patients who underwent endocytoscopy between October and Decembe...AIM To clarify the diagnostic performance of endocytoscopy for differentiation between neoplastic and nonneoplastic colorectal diminutive polyps.METHODS Patients who underwent endocytoscopy between October and December 2016 at Sano Hospital were prospectively recruited. When diminutive polyps(≤5 mm) were detected, the lesions were evaluated by endocytoscopy after being stained with 0.05% crystal violet and 1% methylene blue. The diminutivepolyps were classified into five categories(EC 1 a, 1 b, 2, 3 a, and 3 b). Endoscopists were asked to take a biopsy from any lesion diagnosed as EC1 b(indicator of hyperplastic polyp) or EC2(indicator of adenoma). We have assessed the diagnostic performance of endocytoscopy for EC2 and EC1 b lesions by comparison with the histopathology of the biopsy specimen. RESULTS A total of 39 patients with 63 diminutive polyps were analyzed. All polyps were evaluated by endocytoscopy. The mean polyp size was 3.3 ± 0.9 mm. Among the 63 diminutive polyps, 60 were flat and 3 were pedunculated. The mean time required for EC observation, including the time for staining with crystal violet and methylene blue, was 3.0 ± 1.9 min. Histopathologic evaluation showed that 13 polyps were hyperplastic and 50 were adenomas. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of EC2 for adenoma compared with EC1 b for hyperplastic polyp were 98.0%, 92.3%, 96.8%, 98.0% and 92.3%, respectively. There were only two cases of disagreement between the endoscopic diagnosis made by endocytoscopy and the corresponding histopathological diagnosis.CONCLUSION Endocytoscopy showed a high diagnostic performance for differentiating between neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal diminutive polyps, and therefore has the potential to be used for "real-time histopathology".展开更多
文摘Background: The persistence of the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is linked to the appearance of several variants of SARS-CoV2 with an impact on biological diagnosis, treatment and vaccination. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted several SARS-CoV-2 detection tests Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for diagnosis and better epidemiological surveillance. Thus, multiple RT-PCR tests have been developed and brought to market in order to meet the urgent need for the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, comparative data between these tests in clinical laboratories are scarcely available to assess their performance. Objective: To compare two molecular methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2: the RT-PCR, Allplex™2019-nCoV tests on CFX96 Bio-Rad and the Abbott m2000sp/rt RealTime SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods: Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were taken from patients to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection. For each sample, we searched for the virus with two different RT-PCR tests: 1) first on Abbott m2000 SARS-CoV-2 targeting the N and RdRp genes, 2) then on Allplex™2019-nCoV Assay looking for the E, N and RdRp genes. Results: Percentages of the agreement were calculated. A total of 100 samples that tested negative and 90 positives on Abbott m2000 SARS-CoV-2 were retested on Allplex™2019-nCoV. Overall agreement was 74.74% on all samples. The specific agreement was 84% and 64.4% respectively for negative and positive samples with the RealTime SARS-CoV-2 test. A positive correlation (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.63;p Conclusion: Our results showed good overall agreement between RT-PCR, Allplex™2019-nCoV and Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 tests in the diagnosis of COVID-19. As the concordance is low for small viremias, the RT-PCR Allplex™2019-nCoV Assay would be better indicated during the acute and symptomatic phase of the disease.
文摘电子电器产品中嵌入式软件的故障和失效已是产品质量出现问题的重要原因之一,软件测试是保证软件质量的重要手段,单元测试作为软件测试过程的第一阶段,高质量的测试效果是确保整个测试的必要条件。通过对典型嵌入式软件测试工具RTRT(Rational Test RealTime)的分析及利用RTRT进行实际电器产品软件单元测试的试验,结果表明RTRT是一个可以有效得应用于电子电器产品嵌入式软件开发和测试阶段的自动化测试工具,利用RTRT进行软件单元测试可以减少测试工作量,加快测试进度和提高软件测试质量。
基金Supported by The Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (Tekes grant No 40039/03)the Finnish Graduate School on Applied Biosciences and the Centre of Excellence on Microbial Food Safety Research,Academy of Finland
文摘AIM:To investigate the correlations between selfreported symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) and the gastrointestinal(GI) microbiota composition.METHODS:Fecal samples were collected from a total of 44 subjects diagnosed with IBS.Their symptoms were monitored with a validated inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire adjusted for IBS patients.Thirteen quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were applied to evaluate the GI microbiota composition.Eubacteria and GI bacterial genera(Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus and Veillonella),groups(Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale,Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) and distinct bacterial phylotypes [closest 16S rDNA sequence resemblance to species Bifidobacterium catenulatum,Clostridium cocleatum,Collinsella aerofaciens(C.aerofaciens),Coprococcus eutactus(C.eutactus),Ruminococcus torques and Streptococcus bovis ] with a suspected association with IBS were quantified.Correlations between quantities or presence/absence data of selected bacterial groups or phylotypes and various IBSrelated symptoms were investigated.RESULTS:Associations were observed between subjects' self-reported symptoms and the presence or quantities of certain GI bacteria.A Ruminococcus torques(R.torques)-like(94% similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequence) phylotype was associated with severity of bowel symptoms.Furthermore,among IBS subjects with R.torques 94% detected,the amounts of C.cocleatum 88%,C.aerofaciens-like and C.eutactus 97% phylotypes were significantly reduced.Interesting observations were also made concerning the effect of a subject's weight on GI microbiota with regard to C.aerofaciens like phylotype,Bifidobacterium spp.and Lactobacillus spp.CONCLUSION:Bacteria seemingly affecting the symptom scores are unlikely to be the underlying cause or cure of IBS,but they may serve as biomarkers of the condition.
文摘AIM To clarify the diagnostic performance of endocytoscopy for differentiation between neoplastic and nonneoplastic colorectal diminutive polyps.METHODS Patients who underwent endocytoscopy between October and December 2016 at Sano Hospital were prospectively recruited. When diminutive polyps(≤5 mm) were detected, the lesions were evaluated by endocytoscopy after being stained with 0.05% crystal violet and 1% methylene blue. The diminutivepolyps were classified into five categories(EC 1 a, 1 b, 2, 3 a, and 3 b). Endoscopists were asked to take a biopsy from any lesion diagnosed as EC1 b(indicator of hyperplastic polyp) or EC2(indicator of adenoma). We have assessed the diagnostic performance of endocytoscopy for EC2 and EC1 b lesions by comparison with the histopathology of the biopsy specimen. RESULTS A total of 39 patients with 63 diminutive polyps were analyzed. All polyps were evaluated by endocytoscopy. The mean polyp size was 3.3 ± 0.9 mm. Among the 63 diminutive polyps, 60 were flat and 3 were pedunculated. The mean time required for EC observation, including the time for staining with crystal violet and methylene blue, was 3.0 ± 1.9 min. Histopathologic evaluation showed that 13 polyps were hyperplastic and 50 were adenomas. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of EC2 for adenoma compared with EC1 b for hyperplastic polyp were 98.0%, 92.3%, 96.8%, 98.0% and 92.3%, respectively. There were only two cases of disagreement between the endoscopic diagnosis made by endocytoscopy and the corresponding histopathological diagnosis.CONCLUSION Endocytoscopy showed a high diagnostic performance for differentiating between neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal diminutive polyps, and therefore has the potential to be used for "real-time histopathology".
