Structural Isomers:Small Change with Big Difference in Anion Storage

Organic electrode materials are promising for batteries.However,the reported organic electrodes are often facing the challenges of low specific capacity,low voltage,poor rate capability and vague charge storage mechanisms,etc.Isomers are good platform to investigate the charge storage mechanisms and enhance the performance of batteries,which,however,have not been focused in batteries.Herein,two isomers are reported for batteries.As a result,the isomer tetrathiafulvalene(TTF)could store two monovalent anions reversibly,deriving an average discharge voltage of 1.05 V and a specific capacity of 220 mAh g−1 at a current density of 2 C.On the other hand,the other isomer tetrathianaphthalene could only reversibly store one monovalent anion and upon further oxidation,it would undergo an irreversible solid-state molecular rearrangement to TTF.The molecular rearrangement was confirmed by electrochemical performances,X-ray diffraction patterns,nuclear magnetic resonance spectra,and 1H detected heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectra.These results suggested the small structural change could lead to a big difference in anion storage,and we hope this work will stimulate more attention to the structural design for boosting the performance of organic batteries.

Automatic modulation recognition of radio fuzes using a DR2D-based adaptive denoising method and textural feature extraction

The identification of intercepted radio fuze modulation types is a prerequisite for decision-making in interference systems.However,the electromagnetic environment of modern battlefields is complex,and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of such environments is usually low,which makes it difficult to implement accurate recognition of radio fuzes.To solve the above problem,a radio fuze automatic modulation recognition(AMR)method for low-SNR environments is proposed.First,an adaptive denoising algorithm based on data rearrangement and the two-dimensional(2D)fast Fourier transform(FFT)(DR2D)is used to reduce the noise of the intercepted radio fuze intermediate frequency(IF)signal.Then,the textural features of the denoised IF signal rearranged data matrix are extracted from the statistical indicator vectors of gray-level cooccurrence matrices(GLCMs),and support vector machines(SVMs)are used for classification.The DR2D-based adaptive denoising algorithm achieves an average correlation coefficient of more than 0.76 for ten fuze types under SNRs of-10 d B and above,which is higher than that of other typical algorithms.The trained SVM classification model achieves an average recognition accuracy of more than 96%on seven modulation types and recognition accuracies of more than 94%on each modulation type under SNRs of-12 d B and above,which represents a good AMR performance of radio fuzes under low SNRs.

P-induced electron transfer interaction for enhanced selective hydrogenation rearrangement of furfural to cyclopentanone

Optimizing the intrinsic activity of non-noble metal by precisely tailoring electronic structure offers an appealing way to construct cost-effective catalysts for selective biomass valorization.Herein,we reported a P-doping bifunctional catalyst(Ni-P/mSiO_(2))that achieved 96.6%yield for the hydrogenation rearrangement of furfural to cyclopentanone at mild conditions(1 MPaH_(2),150°C).The turnover frequency of Ni-P/mSiO_(2)was 411.9 h^(-1),which was 3.2-fold than that of Ni/mSiO_(2)(127.2 h^(-1)).Detailed characterizations and differential charge density calculations revealed that the electron-deficient Niδ+species were generated by the electron transfer from Ni to P,which promoted the ring rearrangement reaction.Density functional theory calculations illustrated that the presence of P atoms endowed furfural tilted adsorb on the Ni surface by the C=O group and facilitated the desorption of cyclopentanone.This work unraveled the connection between the localized electronic structures and the catalytic properties,so as to provide a promising reference for designing advanced catalysts for biomass valorization.

Progress in clinical diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer with rare genetic variants

Targeted therapy is crucial for advanced colorectal cancer(CRC) positive for genetic drivers. With advances in deep sequencing technology and new targeted drugs, existing standard molecular pathological detection systems and therapeutic strategies can no longer meet the requirements for careful management of patients with advanced CRC. Thus, rare genetic variations require diagnosis and targeted therapy in clinical practice. Rare gene mutations, amplifications, and rearrangements are usually associated with poor prognosis and poor response to conventional therapy. This review summarizes the clinical diagnosis and treatment of rare genetic variations, in genes including erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2(ERBB2), B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase(BRAF), ALK receptor tyrosine kinase/ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase(ALK/ROS1), neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinases(NTRKs), ret proto-oncogene(RET), fibroblast growth factor receptor 2(FGFR2), and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), to enhance understanding and identify more accurate personalized treatments for patients with rare genetic variations.

Comparative analyses of mitogenomes in the social bees with insights into evolution of long inverted repeats in the Meliponini

The insect mitogenome is typically a compact circular molecule with highly conserved gene contents.Nonetheless,mitogenome structural variations have been reported in specific taxa,and gene rearrangements,usually the tRNAs,occur in different lineages.Because synapomorphies of mitogenome organizations can provide information for phylogenetic inferences,comparative analyses of mitogenomes have been given increasing attention.However,most studies use a very few species to represent the whole genus,tribe,family,or even order,overlooking potential variations at lower taxonomic levels,which might lead to some incorrect inferences.To provide new insights into mitogenome organizations and their implications for phylogenetic inference,this study conducted comparative analyses for mitogenomes of three social bee tribes(Meliponini,Bombini,and Apini)based on the phylogenetic framework with denser taxonomic sampling at the species and population levels.Comparative analyses revealed that mitogenomes of Apini and Bombini are the typical type,while those of Meliponini show diverse variations in mitogenome sizes and organizations.Large inverted repeats(IRs)cause significant gene rearrangements of protein coding genes(PCGs)and rRNAs in Indo-Malay/Australian stingless bee species.Molecular evolution analyses showed that the lineage with IRs have lower dN/dS ratios for PCGs than lineages without IRs,indicating potential effects of IRs on the evolution of mitochondrial genes.The finding of IRs and different patterns of gene rearrangements suggested that Meliponini is a hotspot in mitogenome evolution.Unlike conserved PCGs and rRNAs whose rearrangements were found only in the mentioned lineages within Meliponini,tRNA rearrangements are common across all three tribes of social bees,and are significant even at the species level,indicating that comprehensive sampling is needed to fully understand the patterns of tRNA rearrangements,and their implications for phylogenetic inference.

Epidemiological Surveillance: Genetic Diversity of Rotavirus Group A in the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong, China in 2019

Objective This study aimed to understand the epidemic status and phylogenetic relationships of rotavirus group A(RVA)in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong Province,China.Methods This study included individuals aged 28 days–85 years.A total of 706 stool samples from patients with acute gastroenteritis collected between January 2019 and January 2020 were analyzed for 17 causative pathogens,including RVA,using a Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel,followed by genotyping,virus isolation,and complete sequencing to assess the genetic diversity of RVA.Results The overall RVA infection rate was 14.59%(103/706),with an irregular epidemiological pattern.The proportion of co-infection with RVA and other pathogens was 39.81%(41/103).Acute gastroenteritis is highly prevalent in young children aged 0–1 year,and RVA is the key pathogen circulating in patients 6–10 months of age with diarrhea.G9P[8](58.25%,60/103)was found to be the predominant genotype in the RVA strains,and the 41 RVA-positive strains that were successfully sequenced belonged to three different RVA genotypes in the phylogenetic analysis.Recombination analysis showed that gene reassortment events,selection pressure,codon usage bias,gene polymorphism,and post-translational modifications(PTMs)occurred in the G9P[8]and G3P[8]strains.Conclusion This study provides molecular evidence of RVA prevalence in the Pearl River Delta region of China,further enriching the existing information on its genetics and evolutionary characteristics and suggesting the emergence of genetic diversity.Strengthening the surveillance of genotypic changes and gene reassortment in RVA strains is essential for further research and a better understanding of strain variations for further vaccine development.

Cryptanalysis of efficient semi-quantum secret sharing protocol using single particles

In paper[Chin.Phys.B 32070308(2023)],Xing et al.proposed a semi-quantum secret sharing protocol by using single particles.We study the security of the proposed protocol and find that it is not secure,that is,the three dishonest agents,Bob,Charlie and Emily can collude to obtain Alice's secret without the help of David.

Review of Computational Approaches to Optimization Problems in Inhomogeneous Rods and Plates

In this paper,we review computational approaches to optimization problems of inhomogeneous rods and plates.We consider both the optimization of eigenvalues and the localization of eigenfunctions.These problems are motivated by physical problems including the determination of the extremum of the fundamental vibration frequency and the localization of the vibration displacement.We demonstrate how an iterative rearrangement approach and a gradient descent approach with projection can successfully solve these optimization problems under different boundary conditions with different densities given.

Detection of 4p16.3 deletion and 11p15.5p15.4 gain in a boy by comparative genomic hybridization array:A case report

BACKGROUND Nonallelic homologous recombination(NAHR)of segmental duplications or low copy repeats(LCRs)result in DNA gain/loss and play an important role in the origin of genomic disorders.CASE SUMMARY A 3-year-old boy was referred for genetic analysis.Comparative genomic hybrid-ization array analysis revealed a loss of 3776 kb in the 4p16.3 chromosomal region and a gain of 3201 kb in the 11p15.5p15.4 chromosomal region.CONCLUSION Genomic imbalances caused by NAHR in LCRs result in deletion and duplication syndromes.

Molecular diagnostic approaches in detecting rearranged during transfection oncogene mutations in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2

Different types of neuroendocrine cancer,including medullary thyroid cancer(MTC)and thyroid C-cell hyperplasia,are part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2(MEN2).A proto-oncogene mutation of the rearranged during transfection(RET)gene changes the way that receptor tyrosine kinases work.Multiple endocrine neoplasia,a pathological condition,involves these kinases.When the RET protooncogene changes,it can cause endocrine adenomas and hyperplasia to happen at the same time or one after the other.Pheochromocytoma,medullary thyroid carcinoma,and hyperparathyroidism,alone or in combination,are present in MEN2A patients.Some patients may also have skin lichen amyloidosis or Hirschsprung's disease.Patients with MEN2A often present with MTC.MTC is aggressive and has the worst prognosis,as most patients exhibit lymph node metastasis.MTC is one of the important causes of death in patients with MEN2A.RET mutation analysis aids in identifying MEN2A symptoms and monitoring levels of calcium,thyroid hormones,calcitonin,normetanephrine,fractionated metanephrines,and parathyroid hormone.The earlier diagnosis of MTC significantly improves survival and prompts better management of MEN2A.In this editorial,we will discuss the significance of molecular diagnostic approaches in detecting RET oncogene mutations in MEN2A.

Silica Gel Supported Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid Catalyzed Beckmann Rearrangement of Cyclohexanone Oxime in Liquid Phase

The liquid phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime (CHO) using fuming sulfuric acid as a catalyst is a traditional method for preparing ε-caprolactam (CPL). This process has drawbacks, such as environmental pollution, corrosion of equipment, and low added value of by-product ammonium sulfate. This article designed and prepared a green silica gel-supported trifluoromethanesulfonic acid catalyst for the liquid-phase Beckmann rearrangement of CHO to prepare (CPL). The influencing factors of catalyst preparation and the optimal reaction conditions for Beckmann rearrangement were investigated. It was found that the optimal conditions for catalyst preparation were as follows: raw material silica gel:trifluoromethanesulfonic acid = 1:0.2 (mass ratio), room temperature, stirring time of 2.5 hours, and solvent of acetonitrile, silica gel mesh size is 100 - 200. The optimal reaction conditions for Beckmann rearrangement are CHO: catalyst = 1:2 (mass ratio), temperature of 130˚C, solvent of benzonitrile, volume of 30 mL/g CHO, and reaction time of 4 hours. Under the above conditions, the conversion of CHO is 90%, and the selectivity of CPL is 90%.

Rearrangeability of 7-stage 16 × 16 shuffle exchange networks

It has long been an outstanding conjecture that any(2^(n)×2^(n))-stage shuffle exchange network(Omega net-work)is rearrangeable for 2n 62n.Many researchers have failed to prove this conjecture,including a recent one established by Hasan.However,nobody has pointed out its fallacy.Therefore,as one of the objectives,this paper shall clarify this fact.Since the case of n 53 has been proven by many researchers[1,2],this paper uses a con-structive approach to prove that when n 54,the 7-stage 16616 shuffle exchange network is also rearrangeable.The paper also presents the model of a balanced tree to avoid internal conflict,the representation of permutations using a connection graph and loop graph,and the con-cepts of symmetry graph and identical transform.Based on graphic composition and bipartition,the permutations 16×16 are divided into five classes,with five assignment algorithms proposed.These algorithms are simpler,clearer and easier to program.The techniques used for n=4 may provide hints for the general case of n>4.

Two complete mitogenomes of Ocypodoidea(Decapoda: Brachyura), Cleistostoma dilatatum(Camptandriidae) and Euplax sp.(Macrophthalmidae) and its phylogenetic implications

Complete mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes) can provide useful information for phylogenetic relationships,gene rearrangement, and molecular evolution. In the present study, two newly sequenced mitogenomes of Ocypodoidea(Cleistostoma dilatatum and Euplax sp.) were reported for the first time, which are 15 444 bp and16 129 bp in length, respectively. Cleistostoma dilatatum is the first species in the family Camptandriidae whose complete mitogenome was sequenced. Each mitogenome contains an entire set of 37 genes and a putative control region, but their gene arrangements are largely different. Tandem duplication and random loss model is proposed to account for their gene arrangements. Comparative genomic analyses of 19 mitogenomes clustering in one branch reveal that 18 of them shared the same gene rearrangement, while that of C. dilatatum mitogenome was consistent with the ancestral gene arrangement of Brachyura. The dN/dS ratio analysis shows that all PCGs are evolving under purifying selection. Phylogenetic analyses show that all Macrophalmidae species cluster together as a group, and then form a sister clade with Camptandriidae. Moreover, the polyphyly of three superfamilies(Ocypodoidea, Eriphioidea, and Grapsoidea) is reconfirmed. These findings help to confirm the phylogenetic position of Camptandriidae, as well as provide new insights into the phylogeny of Brachyura.

Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of Cynoglossidae(Teleost:Pleuronectiformes)and phylogenetic implications

Generally,a teleostean group(e.g.,family or genus)owns one type or a set of similar mitochondrial gene arrangement.It is interesting,however,that four different types of gene arrangement have been found in the mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)of Cynoglossidae species.So far,the possible mechanisms of mitogenomic gene rearrangement and its potential implications have aroused widespread attention and caused lots of controversy.Here,a total of 21 Cynoglossidae mitogenomes and a newly sequenced mitogenome of Cynoglossus puncticpes(Pleuronectiformes:Cynoglossidae)were compared.The length ranges from 16417 bp to 18369 bp,which is mainly caused by the length heteroplasmy of control region(CR).Further analysis reveals that the difference of tandem repeats acts as a determining factor resulting in the length heterogeneity.Like most gene rearrangements of Cynoglossinae mitogenomes,tRNA-Gln gene encoded by the L-strand has translocated to the H-strand(Q inversion),accompanied by the translocation of CR in C.puncticpes mitogenome.The typical IQM order(tRNA-Ile-Gln-Met)changed to QIM order.Tandem duplication/random loss and mitochondrial recombination were accepted as the most possible models to account for the rearrangements in C.puncticpes mitogenome.Phylogenetic trees showed a strong correlation between the gap spacer in the rearranged QIM area and phylogeny,which provides a fresh idea for phylogenetic studies in future.

Review on Metal-Acid Tandem Catalysis for Hydrogenative Rearrangement of Furfurals to C_(5) Cyclic Compounds

Hydrogenative rearrangement of biomas s-derived furfurals(furfural and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural) to C_(5) cyclic compounds(such as cyclopentanones and cyclopentanols) offers an expedient reaction route for acquiring O-containing value-added chemicals thereby replacing the traditional petroleum-based approaches.The scope for developing efficient bifunctional catalysts and establishing mild reaction conditions for upgrading furfurals to cyclic compounds has stimulated immense deliberation in recent years.Extensive efforts have been made toward developing catalysts for multiple tandem conversions,including those with various metals and supports.In this scientific review,we aim to summarize the research progress on the synergistic effect of the metal-acid sites,including simple metal-supported acidic supports,adjacent metal acid sites-supported catalysts,and in situ H_(2)-modified bifunctional catalysts.Distinctively,the catalytic performance,catalytic mechanism,and future challenges for the hydrogenative rearrangement are elaborated in detail.The methods highlighted in this review promote the development of C_(5) cyclic compound synthesis and provide insights to regulate bifunctional catalysis for other applications.

Some LCP Decompositions of Multistage Interconnection Networks

Some useful layered cross product decompositons are derived both for general bit permutation networks and for(2n-1)-stage multistage interconnection networks.Several issues in related works are clarified and the rearrangeability of some interesting networks are considered.In particular, the rearrangeability of one class of networks is formulated as a new type of combinatorial design problmes.

浅谈汉英科技翻译中的词语选择

在汉英科技翻译过程中，译者除了具备良好的翻译技能以外，词语的正确选择也非常重要，它直接影响到读者对译入语表达信息的理解。因此选择正确的、恰当的英语词语是保证译文质量的前提。词语选用不当或翻译不对都会给理解译文带来周折，甚至曲解原文。本文拟在平时翻译、...

Germline MLH1 and MSH2 mutational spectrum including frequent large genomic aberrations in Hungarian hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer families:Implications for genetic testing

AIM: To analyze the prevalence of germline MLH1 and MSH2 gene mutations and evaluate the clinical characteristics of Hungarian hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) families. METHODS: Thirty-six kindreds were tested for mutations using conformation sensitive gel electrophoreses, direct sequencing and also screening for genomic rearrangements applying multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplifi cation (MLPA). RESULTS: Eighteen germline mutations (50%) were identifi ed, 9 in MLH1 and 9 in MSH2. Sixteen of these sequence alterations were considered pathogenic, the remaining two were non-conservative missense alterations occurring at highly conserved functional motifs. The majority of the defi nite pathogenic mutations (81%, 13/16) were found in families fulfilling the stringent Amsterdam Ⅰ/Ⅱ criteria, including three rearrangements revealed by MLPA (two in MSH2 and one in MLH1). However, in three out of sixteen HNPCC-suspected families (19%), a disease-causing alteration could be revealed. Furthermore, nine mutations described here are novel, and none of the sequence changes were found in more than one family.CONCLUSION: Our study describes for the f irst time the prevalence and spectrum of germline mismatch repair gene mutations in Hungarian HNPCC and suspected-HNPCC families. The results presented here suggest that clinical selection criteria should be relaxed and detection of genomic rearrangements should be included in genetic screening in this population.

Posterior gut development in Drosophila:a model system for identifying genes controlling epithelial morphogenesis

The posterior gut of the Drosophila embryo, consisting of hindgut and Malpighian tubules, provides a simple,well-defined system where it is possible to use a genetic approach to define components essential for epithelial morphogenesis.We review here the advantages of Drosophila as a model genetic organism, the morphogenesis of the epithelial structures of the posterior gut, and what is known about the genetic requirements to form these structures.In overview, primordia are patterned by expression of hierarchies of transcription factors; this leads to localized expression of cell signaling molecules, and finally, to the least understood step: modulation of cell adhesion and cell shape. We describe approaches to identify additional genes that are required for morphogenesis of these simple epithelia, particularly those that might play a structural role by affecting cell adhesion and cell shape.

Detection of ALK translocation in non-small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC) and its clinicopathological significance using the Ventana immunohistochemical staining method: a single-center large-scale investigation of 1,504 Chinese Han patients

Objective： The novel fully automated immunohistochemistry （IHC） assay-Ventana anaplastic lymphoma kinase （ALK）-DSF3 for screening ALK rearrangements has been approved by China＇s Food and Drug Administration in 2013, our previous study disclosed a highly specificity and sensitivity nearly 100%, and its efficacy needs to be evaluated in a large cohort of primary lung adenocarcinoma patients, and to compare clinicopathological features with ALK （＋） and ALK （-） lung adenocarcinoma.Methods： A total of 1,504 consecutive surgical lung adenocareinoma eases of Chinese Han population were collected and re-diagnosed according to the 2011 multidisciplinary classification of lung adenocarcinoma. Fully automated Ventana ALK-D5F3 IHC staining with a binary scoring was adopted to evaluate staining and correlated with dinieopathologieal characters, including age, sex, differentiation degree, histological subtype, lymph node metastasis, and clinical staging. ALK （＋） patients were followed-up, and targeted therapy of ALKinhibitors was adopted and observed in patients with stage IV according to the NCCN guideline.Results： ALK positive adenocarcinomas were identified in 6.6% of the surgically resected 1,504 NSCLCs, and significantly younger than the negative group （P〈0.05）.Mucinous adenocarcinoma （28.2%） was determined to be predominant in ALK （＋） cases, followed by the solid type （11.7%）, specific type （6.8%）, papillary type （5.6%）, acinar type （5.5%）, and lepidic type （3.1%）, and the differences were statistically significant （χ2=42.01 1, P〈0.05）. ALK （＋） adenocarcinoma with lymph node metastasis （10.8%） were significantly higher than that without lymph node metastasis （4.5%） （g2=19.809, P〈0.05）; and ALK （＋） in phase Ⅳ （20%） was significantly higher than phaseⅢ （12.9%）, phase Ⅱ （4.2%）, phase Ⅰ （4.5%）, and phase 0 （0） （g2=36.068, P〈0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression disclosed that patient age, AJCC staging, and histological mucinous subtype were correlated with ALK positive staining （OR=0.959, 1.578, 5.036, respectively）. Sixty eight patients had followed-up results, five patients out of which primarily diagnosed or progressed into Stage IV benefited well from targeted therapy with Crizotinib.Conclusions： The ALK fusion protein was seen in 6.6% Chinese NSCLC patients, and mosdy seen in younger, clinically higher staging, mueinous and solid predominant adenoearcinoma. Clinical trials in patients of Stage Ⅳ eonfirmed that ALK-DSF3 Ventana IHC is serviceable in screening ALK-positive candidates for molecular targeted therapy.