AIM: To develop an automatic tool on screening diabetic retinopathy(DR) from diabetic patients.METHODS: We extracted textures from eye fundus images of each diabetes subject using grey level co-occurrence matrix metho...AIM: To develop an automatic tool on screening diabetic retinopathy(DR) from diabetic patients.METHODS: We extracted textures from eye fundus images of each diabetes subject using grey level co-occurrence matrix method and trained a Bayesian model based on these textures. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the Bayesian model.RESULTS: A total of 1000 eyes fundus images from diabetic patients in which 298 eyes were diagnosed as DR by two ophthalmologists. The Bayesian model was trained using four extracted textures including contrast, entropy, angular second moment and correlation using a training dataset. The Bayesian model achieved a sensitivity of 0.949 and a specificity of 0.928 in the validation dataset. The area under the ROC curve was 0.938, and the 10-fold cross validation method showed that the average accuracy rate is 93.5%.CONCLUSION: Textures extracted by grey level cooccurrence can be useful information for DR diagnosis, and a trained Bayesian model based on these textures can be an effective tool for DR screening among diabetic patients.展开更多
为保持对目标接收机的持续有效欺骗,增强欺骗干扰的隐蔽性,从信号传播损耗、噪声基底、仰角因素等方面对欺骗干扰的功率控制问题进行了定量的分析,得出了一种欺骗功率控制策略。该方法通过实时调整欺骗干扰的总功率及各支路信号功率,使...为保持对目标接收机的持续有效欺骗,增强欺骗干扰的隐蔽性,从信号传播损耗、噪声基底、仰角因素等方面对欺骗干扰的功率控制问题进行了定量的分析,得出了一种欺骗功率控制策略。该方法通过实时调整欺骗干扰的总功率及各支路信号功率,使得噪声基底的抬高幅度和最大欺骗信号信噪比限制在一定范围内。仿真表明,通过实时调整欺骗功率,可以将噪声基底限制在3 d B内,将最大欺骗信号信噪比限制在22 d B内,实现持续有效欺骗。该方法可行性较强,对欺骗干扰机的研制具有重要的指导意义。展开更多
近年来,高时空分辨率的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)观测信号已成为电离层研究的重要资源.利用GNSS研究电离层,需首先将观测资料转换成包含电离层信息的可观测量(Ionospheric Observables,称之为"电离层观测值").目前,最常用的电...近年来,高时空分辨率的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)观测信号已成为电离层研究的重要资源.利用GNSS研究电离层,需首先将观测资料转换成包含电离层信息的可观测量(Ionospheric Observables,称之为"电离层观测值").目前,最常用的电离层观测值一般采用联合无几何影响组合的码和相位观测,利用相位平滑伪距方法计算得到(称之为"平滑电离层观测值"),但该过程易受平滑弧段长度和与测站有关的误差(如多路径效应和观测噪声)的影响.本文提出利用精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)提取电离层观测值(称之为"PPP电离层观测值",形式与平滑电离层观测值相同).与相位平滑伪距相比,IGS发布的卫星轨道、钟差产品可被PPP合理利用,从而有效减少了待估参数,使得电离层观测值的估计精度得到改善.基于短基线和零基线实验,通过考察两类电离层观测值的站间单差结果在各卫星弧段间的离散程度,验证了PPP电离层观测值的可靠性:以某两天的短基线实验结果为例,与测站有关的误差对PPP电离层观测值的影响分别为对平滑电离层观测值影响的44.4%和35.7%,表明PPP电离层观测值更利于高精度电离层建模、预报等研究.展开更多
基金Supported by the Priming Scientific Research Foundation for the Junior Researcher in Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University
文摘AIM: To develop an automatic tool on screening diabetic retinopathy(DR) from diabetic patients.METHODS: We extracted textures from eye fundus images of each diabetes subject using grey level co-occurrence matrix method and trained a Bayesian model based on these textures. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the Bayesian model.RESULTS: A total of 1000 eyes fundus images from diabetic patients in which 298 eyes were diagnosed as DR by two ophthalmologists. The Bayesian model was trained using four extracted textures including contrast, entropy, angular second moment and correlation using a training dataset. The Bayesian model achieved a sensitivity of 0.949 and a specificity of 0.928 in the validation dataset. The area under the ROC curve was 0.938, and the 10-fold cross validation method showed that the average accuracy rate is 93.5%.CONCLUSION: Textures extracted by grey level cooccurrence can be useful information for DR diagnosis, and a trained Bayesian model based on these textures can be an effective tool for DR screening among diabetic patients.
文摘为保持对目标接收机的持续有效欺骗,增强欺骗干扰的隐蔽性,从信号传播损耗、噪声基底、仰角因素等方面对欺骗干扰的功率控制问题进行了定量的分析,得出了一种欺骗功率控制策略。该方法通过实时调整欺骗干扰的总功率及各支路信号功率,使得噪声基底的抬高幅度和最大欺骗信号信噪比限制在一定范围内。仿真表明,通过实时调整欺骗功率,可以将噪声基底限制在3 d B内,将最大欺骗信号信噪比限制在22 d B内,实现持续有效欺骗。该方法可行性较强,对欺骗干扰机的研制具有重要的指导意义。
文摘近年来,高时空分辨率的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)观测信号已成为电离层研究的重要资源.利用GNSS研究电离层,需首先将观测资料转换成包含电离层信息的可观测量(Ionospheric Observables,称之为"电离层观测值").目前,最常用的电离层观测值一般采用联合无几何影响组合的码和相位观测,利用相位平滑伪距方法计算得到(称之为"平滑电离层观测值"),但该过程易受平滑弧段长度和与测站有关的误差(如多路径效应和观测噪声)的影响.本文提出利用精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)提取电离层观测值(称之为"PPP电离层观测值",形式与平滑电离层观测值相同).与相位平滑伪距相比,IGS发布的卫星轨道、钟差产品可被PPP合理利用,从而有效减少了待估参数,使得电离层观测值的估计精度得到改善.基于短基线和零基线实验,通过考察两类电离层观测值的站间单差结果在各卫星弧段间的离散程度,验证了PPP电离层观测值的可靠性:以某两天的短基线实验结果为例,与测站有关的误差对PPP电离层观测值的影响分别为对平滑电离层观测值影响的44.4%和35.7%,表明PPP电离层观测值更利于高精度电离层建模、预报等研究.
