Electromagnetic interference assessment of a train-network-pipeline coupling system based on a harmonic transmission model

The harmonics and resonance of traction power supply systems(TPSSs)aggravate the electromagnetic interference(EMI)to adjacent metallic pipelines(MPs),which has aroused widespread concern.In this paper,an evaluation method on pipeline interference voltage under harmonic induction is presented.The results show that the Carson integral formula is more accurate in calculating the mutual impedance at higher frequencies.Then,an integrated train-network-pipeline model is established to estimate the influences of harmonic distortion and resonance on an MP.It is revealed that the higher the harmonic cur-rent distortion rate of the traction load,the larger the interference voltage on an MP.Particularly,the interference voltage is amplified up to 7 times when the TPSS resonates,which is worthy of attention.In addition,the parameters that affect the variation and sensitivity of the interference voltage are studied,namely,the pipeline coating material,locomotive position,and soil resistivity,indicating that soil resistivity and 3PE(3-layer polyethylene)anticorrosive coating are more sensitive to harmonic induction.Field test results show that the harmonic distortion can make the interference voltage more serious,and the protective measures are optimized.

2-μm single longitudinal mode GaSb-based laterally coupled distributed feedback laser with regrowth-free shallow-etched gratings by interference lithography

We report a type-I Ga Sb-based laterally coupled distributed-feedback（LC-DFB） laser with shallow-etched gratings operating a continuous wave at room temperature without re-growth process. Second-order Bragg gratings are fabricated alongside the ridge waveguide by interference lithography. Index-coupled LC-DFB laser with a cavity of 1500 μm achieves single longitudinal mode continuous-wave operation at 20℃ with side mode suppression ratio（SMSR） as high as 24 dB.The maximum single mode continuous-wave output power is about 10 mW at room temperature（uncoated facet）. A low threshold current density of 230 A/cm^2 is achieved with differential quantum efficiency estimated to be 93 mW/A. The laser shows a good wavelength stability against drive current and working temperature.

Mechanisms of fracture propagation from multi-cluster using a phase field based HMD coupling model in fractured reservoir

Natural fractures(NFs)are common in shale and tight reservoirs,where staged multi-cluster fracturing of horizontal wells is a prevalent technique for reservoir stimulation.While NFs and stress interference are recognized as significant factors affecting hydraulic fracture(HF)propagation,the combined influence of these factors remains poorly understood.To address this knowledge gap,a novel coupled hydromechanical-damage(HMD)model based on the phase field method is developed to investigate the propagation of multi-cluster HFs in fractured reservoirs.The comprehensive energy functional and control functions are established,while incorporating dynamic fluid distribution between multiple perforation clusters and refined changes in rock mechanical parameters during hydraulic fracturing.The HMD coupled multi-cluster HF propagation model investigates various scenarios,including single HF and single NF,reservoir heterogeneity,single HF and NF clusters,and multi-cluster HFs with NF clusters.The results show that the HMD coupling model can accurately capture the impact of approach angle(θ),stress difference and cementation strength on the interaction of HF and NF.The criterion of the open and cross zones is not fixed.The NF angle(a)is not a decisive parameter to discriminate the interaction.According to the relationship between approach angle(θ)and NF angle(a),the contact relationship of HF can be divided into three categories(θ=a,θ<a,andθ>a).The connected NF can increase the complexity of HF by inducing it to form branch fracture,resulting in a fractal dimension of HF as high as2.1280 at angles of±45°.Inter-fracture interference from the heel to the toe of HF shows the phenomenon of no,strong and weak interference.Interestingly,under the influence of NFs,distant HFs from the injection can become dominant fractures.However,as a gradually increases,inter-fracture stress interference becomes the primary factor influencing HF propagation,gradually superseding the dominance of NF induced fractures.

Observation of Fano-Type Interference in a Coupled Cavity-Atom System

We present the experimental observation of the Fano-type interference in a coupled cavity-atom system by confining the laser-cooled ^85Rb atoms in an optical cavity. The asymmetric Fano profile is obtained through quantum interference in a three-level atomic system coherently coupled to a single mode cavity field. The observed Fano profile can be explained by the interference between the intra-cavity dark state and the polariton state of the coupled cavity atom system. The possible applications of our observations include all-optical switching, optical sensing and narrow band optical filters.

CORRECTION OF WING INTERFERENCE WITH KALMAN FILTERING IN INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA ATOMIC EMISSION SPECTROMETRY

A Kalman filter was developed for correction of wing interference in ICP-AES.Modeling wing interference theoretically instead of experimentally, the filter can compensate the shift in wavelength position in scans, and therefore reduce the effect of the interference on detection limit.

Impact of coupled ground wire interference on the precision of electric field sensors

Electric field measurement holds immense significance in various domains.The power supply and signal acquisition units of the sensor may be coupled with ground wire interference,which could result in reduced measurement accuracy.Moreover,this problem is often ignored by researchers.This paper investigated the origin of ground coupling interference in electric field sensors and its impact on measurement accuracy.A miniature undistorted electric field sensor with wireless transmission was compared with existing D-dot,microelectromechanical systems(MEMS),and optical sensors.The results indicate that MEMS and D-dot exhibit diminished accuracy in measuring electric fields under uniform conditions,owing to interference from ground wires.In the case of transmission lines with non-uniform conditions,the wireless sensor exhibited a measurement error of 5%,whereas the optical sensor showed an error rate of approximately 8%.However,the D-dot sensor displayed a measurement error exceeding 50%,whereas the MEMS sensor yielded an error as high as 150%.This means that the wireless sensor isolates the ground-coupled interference signal and realizes the distortion-free measurement of the electric field.The wireless sensors will find extensive applications in new power systems for intelligent equipment status perception,fault warning,and other scenarios.

Study on signal intensity of low field nuclear magnetic resonance via an indirect coupling measurement

We carry out an ultra-low-field nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） experiment based on high-T c superconducting quantum interference devices （SQUIDs）. The measurement field is in a micro-tesla range （～10 μT-100 μT） and the experiment is conducted in a home-made magnetically-shielded-room （MSR）. The measurements are performed by the indirect coupling method in which the signal of nuclei precession is indirectly coupled to the SQUID through a tuned copper coil transformer. In such an arrangement, the interferences of applied measurement and polarization field to the SQUID sensor are avoided and the performance of the SQUID is not destroyed. In order to compare the detection sensitivity obtained by using the SQUID with that achieved using a conventional low-noise-amplifier, we perform the measurements using a commercial room temperature amplifier. The results show that in a wide frequency range （～1 kHz-10 kHz） the measurements with the SQUID sensor exhibit a higher signal-to-noise ratio. Further, we discuss the dependence of NMR peak magnitude on measurement frequency. We attribute the reduction of the peak magnitude at high frequency to the increased field inhomogeneity as the measurement field increases. This is verified by compensating the field gradient using three sets of gradient coils.

Intracavity Tunneling Introduced Transparency in Ultrastrong-coupling Regime

Intracavity tunneling induced transparency in asymmetric double-quantum wells embedded in a microcavity in the ultrastrong-coupling regime is investigated by the input-output theory developed by Ciuti and Carusotto. In this system a narrow spectra can be realized under anti-resonant terms of the external dissipation. Fano-interference asymmetric line profile is found in the absorption spectra.

生物样品中汞的电感耦合等离子体质谱分析与干扰校正方法

电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)在测定生物样品中的Hg时,由于Hg元素的电离能高、电离效率低,且存在W的氧化物等多原子离子干扰,很难进行直接准确测定,加之生物样品中有机质含量高,基体复杂,也会导致分析结果产生偏差。本文通过比较标准模式(STD)和动能歧视模式(KED)下测定Hg的质谱干扰情况,表明在STD模式下200Hg、202Hg均受到W、Re、Os、Er、Dy等元素多原子离子的干扰,而KED模式有效地降低了干扰;在KED模式下选择202Hg作为分析同位素,Er、Dy、Re、Os等对Hg的干扰可以忽略不计,而W的氧化物干扰仍难以完全消除。进而详细研究了KED模式下W对Hg测定的质谱干扰,Hg所受干扰程度与W含量呈线性相关(R2=0.9997),可利用KED模式结合数学校正法消除W的质谱干扰;优选了样品稀释倍数和内标元素,选择稀释倍数为100倍,50μg/L的Rh作为内标补偿基体效应。在此基础上建立生物样品中Hg的ICP-MS分析与干扰校正方法,检出限为1.2ng/g。采用该方法对9个标准物质中Hg含量进行测定,测定值与标准值(或参考值)一致,尤其是国家标准物质GBW10028(黄芪)、GBW10025(螺旋藻)、GBW10015a(菠菜)的准确度显著提高,相对标准偏差(n=10)为0.7%~7.0%。该方法操作简便,适用于W含量范围在0~1000ng/g,Hg含量范围在3.2~670ng/g的生物样品的测试。

Quantification of Trace Amounts of Impurities in High Purity Cobalt by High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

An analytical method using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （HR-ICP-MS） for rapid simultaneous determination of Be, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Pt, Au and Pb in high purity cobalt was described. Sample digestions were performed in closed microwave vessels using HNO3 and HCl. The matrix effects due to the presence of excess HCl and Co were evaluated. The usefulness of high mass resolution for overcoming some spectral interference was demonstrated. The optimum conditions for the determination was tested and discussed. Correction for matrix effects, Sc, Rh and Bi were used as internal standards. The detection limits is 0.003-0.57 μg/g, the recovery ratio is 92.2%-111.2%, and the RSD is less than 3.6%. The method is accurate, quick and convenient. It has been applied to the determination of trace impurities in high purity cobalt with satisfactory results.

Determination of micro yttrium in an ytterbium matrix by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and wavelet transform

In the determination of trace yttrium (Y) in an ytterbium (Yb) matrix byinductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), the most prominent line ofyttrium, Y 371.030 nm line, suffers from strong interference due to an emission line of ytterbium.In mis work, a method based on wavelet transform was proposed for the spectral interferencecorrection. Haar wavelet was selected as the mother wavelet. The discrete detail after the thirddecomposition, D3, was chosen for quantitative analysis based on the consideration of bothseparation degree and peak height. The linear correlation coefficient between the height of the leftpositive peak in D3 and the concentration of Y was calculated to be 0.9926. Six synthetic sampleswere analyzed, and the recovery for yttrium varied from 96.3 percent to 110.0 percent. The amountsof yttrium in three ytterbium metal samples were determined by the proposed approach with an averagerelative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.5 percent, and the detection limit for yttrium was 0.016percent. This novel correction technique is fast and convenient, since neither complicated modelassumption nor time-consuming iteration is required. Furthermore, it is not affected by thewavelength drift inherent in monochromators that will severely reduce the accuracy of resultsobtained by some chemometric methods.

Direct Determination of Trace Impurities in High Purity Zinc Oxide by High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The determination of trace impurities in high purity zinc oxide by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ HR-ICP-MS ） was investigated. To overcome some poteutially problematic spectral iuterference, measurements were acquired in both middle and high resolution modes. The matrix effects due to the presence of excess HCl and zinc were evaluated. The optimum conditions for the determination were tested and discussed. The standard addition method was employed for quantitative analysis. The detection limits ranged from 0.02μg/ g to 6 μg/ g depending on the elements. The experimental resalts for the determination of Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Cd, Sb and Pb in several high purity zinc oxide powders were presented.

Trace amounts of impurities in electrolytic manganese metal by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

An analytical method, using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （SF-ICP-MS） for rapid simultaneous determination of Be, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sn, Sb, Pb and Bi in electrolytic manganese metal, was described. At the beginning, the samples were decomposed by HNO3 and H2504, and then analyzed by SF-ICP-MS. Most of the spectral interferences could be avoided by measuring in different mass resolution modes. The matrix effects due to the excess of sulfuric acid and Mn were evaluated. Correction of matrix effects was conducted by using the internal standard elements. The optimum condition for the determination was investigated and discussed. The detection limit is in the range of 0.001-0.169 gg/L. The current method is applied to the determination of trace impurities in electrolytic manganese metal. And experiments show that good results can be obtained much faster, more accurately and conveniently by current method.

Determination of Trace Elements in High Purity Gold by High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Trace elements were determined in high purity gold by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （HR-ICP-MS）. Sample were decomposed by aqua regia. To overcome some potentially problematic spectra/ interference, measurements were acquired in both medium and high resolution modes. The matrix effects due to the presence of excessive HCl and Au were evaluated. The optimum conditions for the determination was tested and discussed. The standard addition method was employed for quantitative analysis. The detection limits range from 0.01ug/g to 0.28ug/g depending on the elements. The method is accurate, quick and convenient. It has been applied to the determination of trace elements in high purity gold with satisfactory results.

虑及互耦效应的线缆辐射EMI建模

并行布线结构的开关电源线缆是开关电源辐射电磁干扰EMI(electromagnetic interference)的重要干扰源。针对并行线缆间辐射场互耦效应机理不明晰使得辐射电磁干扰预测不准确的问题,提出1种虑及线缆间互耦效应开关电源线缆的辐射电磁干扰模型。通过对描述线缆互耦效应的互阻抗建模,得到描述开关电源线缆辐射特性的辐射EMI输入阻抗模型,进而得到虑及互耦效应开关电源线缆的辐射EMI模型;搭建辐射EMI测试实验平台进行测试。实验结果表明,所提虑及互耦效应的辐射电磁干扰模型能够更为准确地预测开关电源线缆的辐射电磁干扰。

基于破乳诱导萃取和ICP-MS/MS分析渣油中的微量金属元素

基于破乳诱导萃取提出利用电感耦合等离子体串联质谱(ICP-MS/MS)测定渣油中多种金属元素的新策略。渣油样品经二甲苯稀释降低黏度后采用质量分数6%的Triton X-114乳化,超声水浴破乳25 min,利用体积分数40%的盐酸萃取渣油中金属元素至水相,采用ICP-MS/MS测定其中10种金属元素Na、Mg、Al、Ca、V、Cr、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn的含量。详细评估了破乳诱导萃取条件对渣油中金属元素萃取效率的影响,在串联质谱(MS/MS)模式下,利用氦碰撞气或不同反应气消除了金属元素的质谱干扰,采用标准参考物质NIST SRM 1634c(燃油中的微量元素)验证了方法的准确性,以微波消解技术处理渣油样品并采用扇形磁场电感耦合等离子体质谱(SF-ICP-MS)进行对比分析验证了方法的可靠性。结果显示,金属元素在各自的含量范围内呈现良好的线性关系(线性相关系数≥0.9997),检出限(LOD)为2.05~31.4 ng/L,NIST SRM 1634c的测定结果与标准参考物质提供的认证值及文献报道的参考值基本一致,置信度水平达到95%,ICP-MS/MS方法与SF-ICP-MS的对比分析结果无显著性差异。所建立的ICP-MS/MS方法操作简单,分析速率快,准确可靠性好,已用于渣油中多种金属元素的质量评价。

基于容性耦合的钢轨压力传感器电磁干扰分析

目前随着弱电装置在铁路通信、传感测量等方面的普及,电磁干扰问题越来越引起人们的重视,但是关于电磁干扰机理的耦合分析等方面的工作开展较少。本文针对一则典型的钢轨压力传感器电磁干扰问题,从干扰源排查入手,建立了电源线与信号线的容性耦合物理模型,提取线缆间分布电容参数,定量分析了耦合电场大小;同时找出干扰源,确定为电源线容性耦合导致的串扰电压干扰,给出了相应抑制干扰的措施,该分析与实测相符合。研究结果表明,接地装置对电源线地线的电磁干扰影响很大,从而进一步影响了信号线的信号电压。当接地电阻的埋入深度从0.1 m增加到0.6 m时,电源线的干扰电压得到了抑制;信号线的连接端头是容易耦合到外界电磁干扰的薄弱环节,是改善屏蔽效能的关键点。本文所提出的关于容性耦合的机理分析、计算方法、以及传感器信号的电磁干扰抑制措施,能够为今后电气设备的电磁干扰分析抑制提供普遍的借鉴意义。

柔性浅埋物的声-振智能探测

提出一种基于目标检测算法的柔性浅埋物的声-振智能探测方法,将声波激励、激光散斑干涉测振和目标检测算法有机结合,用以柔性浅埋物的大范围快速探测。在论述YOLO系列目标检测算法原理的基础上,选择并优化柔性浅埋物的智能探测网络模型;然后,搭建声-光融合智能探测系统,构建不同柔性浅埋物的激光散斑干涉条纹图数据集;最后,对数据集进行训练和测试,验证该算法用于干涉条纹图识别的可行性。实验结果表明:在给定实验条件下,柔性浅埋物智能探测网络模型的精确率为98.39%,召回率为84.72%,平均识别精度为99.66%。该声-振智能探测方法可以在给定实验环境下对多种柔性浅埋物的激光散斑干涉条纹图进行智能识别,适用于浅层地下柔性掩埋物的大面积快速探测。

智能反射面阵元互耦与共存干扰研究

智能反射面(Intelligent Reflecting Surface,IRS)是由大量无源反射元件呈阵列排列构成的智能超表面,其阵元间距是相位控制的关键技术参数,在小于半波长时存在不可忽略的互耦效应。本文针对多网运营的应用环境,考虑IRS反射阵元之间存在相互耦合的情况,研究系统间共存干扰与阵元间距、工作频段、物理位置的关联关系。针对发射机、接收机和IRS之间自阻抗和互阻抗的建模需求,将互耦效应进行量化转换,以阻抗的形式将其数据化,结合阵元反射增益和相位参数的作用因素,建立了远场条件下基于阻抗电路的共存干扰传播模型。针对IRS接收,由发射天线电流与IRS互阻抗的乘积得到再辐射矩阵;针对IRS反射,由IRS负载电流与接收天线互阻抗的乘积得到接收端负载电压。应用阵元等效阻抗法,通过等效阻抗的可重构性,最大化有用信号的接收功率,推导得到信干比(Signal to Interference Ratio,SIR)的计算表达式。进一步分析了共存系统的工作频段、IRS反射单元间隔、IRS的反射阵元数量、IRS与非目标收发机之间距离等因素对共存干扰产生的影响。数值仿真表明互耦偏差随阵元间距减小而增大,半波长的偏差为28%;不同载频系统的SIR表明,共存干扰的互耦效应显著且不可忽略,高频系统对低频系统产生的共存干扰对信号传输质量影响更为显著。

氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定砂岩型铀矿样品中痕量镉

在砂岩型铀矿样品中,被测元素镉含量较低,每个质量丰度都存在不同类型的质谱干扰,而且各干扰元素的含量也存在较大差异,对电感耦合等离子体质谱法准确测量痕量镉造成比较大的困难。因此为了准确测量砂岩型铀矿样品中镉的含量,需要克服样品中不同类型的质谱干扰。采用氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术,被测镉元素气化后进入质谱仪中进行测量,可以有效解决测量元素镉的质谱干扰问题,同时提高了元素镉的灵敏度。建立了微波消解样品,连续流动注射进样氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体质谱法准确测定砂岩型铀矿样品中痕量镉的方法。以盐酸溶液为介质,加入硫脲、亚铁氰化钾掩蔽剂溶液,以磷酸氢二铵、锶离子为增敏剂,优化了介质选择及浓度、硼氢化钾浓度、镉增敏剂的选择与用量等条件,并且有效解决了共存离子的干扰问题。研究表明:建立的连续流动注射氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定砂岩型铀矿样品中痕量镉的方法,具有检出限低,正确度高,精密度好和适用范围宽等特点。方法检出限为0.001µg·g^(-1),精密度优于8.80%(以多次测量的相对标准偏差RSD来表征)。