Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

This paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO's significant achievement in the field of interdisciplinary studies within the context of his final research project Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient Sustainable Societies-ARCPATH(https://www.svs.is/en/projects/finished-projects/arcpath). The disciplines represented in the project are related to climatology, anthropology, marine biology, economics, and the broad spectrum of social-ecological studies. Team members were drawn from the Nordic countries, Russia, China, the United States, and Canada. The project was transdisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary as it included collaboration with local knowledge holders. ARCPATH made significant contributions to Arctic research through an improved understanding of the mechanisms that drive climate variability in the Arctic. In tandem with this research, a combination of historical investigations and social, economic, and marine biological fieldwork was carried out for the project study areas of Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and the surrounding seas, with a focus on the joint use of ocean and sea-ice data as well as social-ecological drivers. ARCPATH was able to provide an improved framework for predicting the near-term variation of Arctic climate on spatial scales relevant to society, as well as evaluating possible related changes in socioeconomic realms. In summary, through the integration of information from several different disciplines and research approaches, ARCPATH served to create new and valuable knowledge on crucial issues, thus providing new pathways to action for Arctic communities.

RECENT RESEARCHES ON THE RESPONSES OF SHIPS AT SEAS IN CHINA

In China, the research works on the seakeeping of ships were started at the middle of 50's. At that time the ship models were generally tested in head or following waves in towing tanks. Afterwards, based on the theory of linear superpo- sition and stripping method, the simple ship motions were predicted theoretically. During the beginning of 70's, a 69×46×4m^3 seakeeping tank with a large movable bridge on it had been completed in the China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi, then models could be tested in regular and irregular long crested. waves along any directions, thus realistic sea waves were simulated. In order to meet the demand of the oil-drilling beneath the sea bed, and to match the design works of drilling platforms, a large amount of research works on the wave forces acting on different kinds of poles were started. In this paper, the research works of recent ten years on the optimum seakeeping ship forms, roll and anti-rolling system, ship stability, waves and wave forces acting on ship and offshore structures are briefly reviewed. The references cited are limited to the papers published in the Shipbuilding of China, Advances in Hydrodynamics and some proceedings of international confer- ences.

A Review of Recent Advances in Research on Asian Monsoon in China

This paper reviews briefly advances in recent research on monsoon by Chinese scholars, including primarily： （1） the establishment of various monsoon indices. In particular, the standardized dynamic seasonal variability index of the monsoon can delimit the geographical distribution of global monsoon systems and determine quantitatively the date of abrupt change in circulation. （2） The provision of three driving forces for the generation of monsoon. （3） The revelation of the heating-pump action of the Tibetan Plateau, which strengthens southerlies in the southern and southeastern periphery of the Plateau and results in a strong rainfall center from the northern Bay of Bengal （BOB） to the Plateau itself. （4） Clarification of the initial onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon （ASM） in the BOB east of 90°E, Indochina Peninsula （ICP） and the South China Sea, of which the rapid northward progression of tropical convection in the Sumatra and the rapid westward movement of the South Asia High to the Indochina Peninsula are the earliest signs. （5） The provision of an integrated mechanism for the onset of the East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM）, which emphasizes the integrated impact of sensible heat over Indian Peninsula, the warm advection of the Tibetan Plateau and the sensible heat and latent heat over the Indochina Peninsula on the one hand, and the seasonal phase-lock effect of the northward propagation of low frequency oscillation on the other. （6） The revelation of the ＂planetary-scale moisture transport large-value band＂ from the Southern Hemisphere through to the Asian monsoon region and into the North Pacific, which is converged by several large-scale moisture transport belts in the Asian-Australian monsoon regions and whose variation influences directly the temporal and spatial distribution of summer rainfall in China. （7） Presenting the features of the seasonal advance of the EASM, the propagation of intraseasonal oscillation, and their relationship with rainfall in China; indicating that the intraseasonal oscillation of the EASM propagates in the form of a wave-train along the coast and behaves as monsoon surge propagating northward. （8） Describing the interannual and interdecadal variation of Asian monsoon, revealing the factors affecting it, and possible mechanisms of the variation of Asian monsoon. An elementary outlook on the existing problems and future direction of monsoon research is also provided.

Recent Progress on Tropical Cyclone Research in China

This paper summarizes main progresses made in tropical cyclone research field in China in the past few years after the 8th five year program of China. New achievements have been made on tropical cyclone (hereafter referred as TC) structure, numerical prediction, evaluation of operational numerical model, TC–caused heavy rain, TC climate features and disasters, etc.

Recent progresses in stem cell research and hearing restoration

Serious hearing and balance impairments can occur as a result of loss of hair cells related to aging, environmental stresses(such as noises exposure) or exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs(such as cisplatin and aminoglycoside antibiotics). Because a large portion of hearing impairment involves loss of hair cells, regeneration or replacement of these cells is a possible alternative to prosthetic devices1. Researchers have paid hot attention to the study of inner ear hair cell regeneration for hearing restoration for many years. Besides the important function of hair cells, there are many other contributors essential for normal hearing. Hair cell regeneration is one of the essential steps for total hearing recovery, but not the only one. In this article, we will review the progresses in research on hearing loss, stem cell application and hearing restoration.

Editorial: Recent advances in fracture research

Fracture is a leading subject full of revolutionary and discipline penetration in a diversity of fields, e.g., mechanics, materials science, physics, medicine, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, astronautics and aeronautics. Fracture research concerns various fracture accidents in real life, and provides important theoretical supports for preventing catastrophic accidents. Investigations on damage, fracture,

Research activities and recent progresses on synthesis gas conversion

Five catalytic processes and their catalysts will be introduced in my talk. Firstly,the demonstration test(3000 ton/a)results using a novel catalyst Co/SiO2 with egg-shell structure and the strategies for this catalyst preparation based on the issues from the mass transfer of produced wax from F-T synthesis will be discussed. Recent progresses on C2-oxygenate synthesis from syngas over a Rh/SiO2 catalyst and a 10 thousands ton/a demonstration test facility in China will be built in 2010 will be reported in the second section. A naphtha and diesel distillate which cut off the heavier end of S-F-A distribution direct synthesis with low methane selectivity from syngas over a Co/AC1 catalyst and a 10000 ton/a demonstration test with a bubble column slurry reactor will be talked about in this speech. A high α-alcohols of C2-C18 direct synthesis with more than 50 wt% selectivity and low methane and methanol selectivities from syngas over a Co2C/AC2 catalyst,a 3000 ton/a demonstration test with a bubble column slurry reactor and the primary fundamental understandings will be detailedly discussed in the forth section. In situ formation of homogeneous active sites on the surface of supported Rh heterogeneous catalysts and their application in hydroformylation of olefins will be introduced in fifth section.

Recent Research Progress in Autism Spectrum Disorder

On April 2, 2017, the world will celebrate the ninth annual World Autism Awareness Day. In honor of this occasion,Neuroscience Bulletin has put together a Special Issue of reviews and primary research articles focusing on autism spectrum disorder（ASD）.

Recent Progress in Basic and Clinical Research on Disorders of Consciousness

Severe brain injury can lead to disorders of consciousness （DOCs）. Since DOC patients cannot communicate functionally or behave purposefully, most remain bedridden and require laborious care. The medical community is often confronted with the expectations of the families of chronic DOC patients, and the social, economic, and ethical consequences are tremendous. Research on DOCs is attracting increasing attention from scientists and physicians in various fields. With the development of modern neuroimaging and neuromodulation techniques, much progress has been made in the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of DOCs in the last decade.

Recent research development of FinFETs

The rapid development of by the device scaling down. encountered difficulties and CMOS technology is driven Classical MOS devices have challenges as scaling down to nanoscale [1], which seriously affects the device performance and limits the further development of CMOS technology. Because of the excellent control over short-channel effects and high current drive capability, novel multi-gate MOS devices have been regarded for years as the most attractive devices to continue the CMOS technology development following ＂Moore＇s law＂ [2]. Among which FinFET, mainly proposed by Hisamoto et al.

RECENT ADVANCEMENT OF CAVITATION RESEARCH IN IWHR, CHINA

This paper will stress on a critical review of the present status and recent advancement of cavitation research in IWHR, China, Attention is focused on the research activities dealing with design criteria of cavitation-free structures as well as measures to prevent or mitigate cavitation erosion in hydraulic engineering. Of particular interests are the comprehensive studies of aeration to prevent or mitigate cavitation erosion using physical modelling and prototype investigation, thus yielding encouraging findings on scale effects of cavitation modelling. Recently, new topics on cavitation behaviours in silt-laden flow or in liquids containing various kinds of particulates of different concentrations are being investigated to interface with the new challenges of cavitation erosion problems arising from the Yellow River and the Yangtze River in China.

RECENT ADVANCES IN CLINICAL RESEARCH OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN CHINA

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the second cancer killer in rural areas and the third cancer killer in cities, has resulted in 110000 annual deaths in China, which amounts to 40% of liver cancer deaths in the world.

RECENT PROGRESS IN CAVITATION RESEARCH IN THE INSTITUTE OF HIGH SPEED MECHANICS TOHOKU UNIVERSITY

Recent activities on cavitation research in the Institute of High Speed Mechanics,Tohoku University,Japan are reviewed.Firstly,our recent research project on cavitation occurrence in various liquids other than water is explained in relation to the thermodynamic and gas content effects.Secondly,study on cavitation damage is introduced.In this field,the mechanism of a single bubble collapse near solid wall and the related pit formation in soft test materials have been investigated.Also,the effects of fluid properties on the cavitation damage are clarified.Finally,a special study on shock wave propagating through gas- liquid two-phase magnetic fluid is explained to extend further developments of cavitation research.

News: JES well represented at the recent Gordon Research Conference on Drinking Water Disinfection By-products

The Gordon Research Conference （GRC） on Drinking Water Disinfection By-products （DBPs） was recently held in Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, United States, on July 30-August 4, 2017. The theme of this year＇s GRC on DBPs was ＂Disinfection 2100： Linking Engineering, Chemistry, Toxicology, and Epidemiology to Reduce Exposure to Toxicity Drivers while Curtailing Pathogens＂ （GRC, 2017）. More than one hundred and fifty scientists from around the world actively participated in the week-long conference.

Review of the Research on Urban Social Problems in Recent Years

In the last 10 years, China has madeconsiderable progress in urbanization withincreasing numbers of both city and urbanpopulation. This has played a positive rolein promoting the country’s political, eco-nomic and cultural development. However,the process of urbanization has broughtalong new problems and contradictionswhich require theoretical exploration.Against this background, urban sociology,