Increased Expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand in Osteoblasts from Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients with Low Bone Mineral Density

Persistent generalized low bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).However,the exact mechanisms and causes of the low BMD in AIS patients are largely unknown.The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in osteoblasts (OBs) from AIS patients with low BMD and with comparison made between the patients and controls.Twenty AIS patients and eight age-matched controls were included in the present study.The BMD of lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured in all subjects.OBs from the cancellous bone of each subject was harvested and primarily cultured.The mRNA and protein expression of RANKL and OPG in OBs was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting.The results showed BMD was lower in AIS patients than in controls.A significantly higher mRNA and protein expression of RANKL was observed in OBs from AIS patients,while no significant difference was found in the expression of OPG between AIS patients and controls.As a result,RANKL/OPG ratio in patients with AIS was remarkably higher than controls.Our study preliminarily demonstrated expression of RANKL was higher in OBs from AIS patients with low BMD as compared with controls,suggesting the unbalanced RANKL/OPG ratio caused by an over-expression of RANKL in OBs may be responsible for the low BMD in AIS patients.

Apigenin ameliorates imiquimod-induced psoriasis in C57BL/6J mice by inactivating STAT3 and NF-κB

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease featured by patches on the skin.It is caused by malfunction of immune cells and keratinocytes with inflammation as one of its key features.Apigenin(API)is a natural flavonoid with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties.Therefore,we speculated that API can ameliorate psoriasis,and determined its effect on the development of psoriasis by using imiquimod(IMQ)-induced psoriasis mouse model.Our results showed that API attenuated IMQ-induced phenotypic changes,such as erythema,scaling and epidermal thickening,and improved splenic hyperplasia.Abnormal differentiation of immune cells was restored in API-treated mice.Mechanistically,we revealed that API is a key regulator of signal transducer activator of transcription 3(STAT3).API regulated immune responses by reducing interleukin-23(IL-23)/STAT3/IL-17A axis.Moreover,it suppressed IMQ-caused cell hyperproliferation by inactivating STAT3 through regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway.Furthermore,API reduced expression of inflammatory cytokines through inactivation of NF-κB.Taken together,our study demonstrates that API can ameliorate psoriasis and may be considered as a strategy for psoriasis treatment.

Role of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand axis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Concomitantly with the increase in the prevalences of overweight/obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) has worldwide become the main cause of chronic liver disease in both adults and children. Patients with fatty liver display features of metabolic syndrome(Met S), like insulin resistance(IR), glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Recently, epidemiological studies have linked obesity, Met S, and NAFLD to decreased bone mineral density and osteoporosis, highlighting an intricate interplay among bone, adipose tissue, and liver. Osteoprotegerin(OPG), an important symbol of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B/OPG system activation, typically considered for its role in bone metabolism, may also play critical roles in the initiation and perpetuation of obesityrelated comorbidities. Clinical data have indicated that OPG concentrations are associated with hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, and severity of liver damage in chronic hepatitis C. Nonetheless, the relationship between circulating OPG and IR as a key feature of Met S as well as between OPG and NAFLD remains uncertain. Thus, the aims of the present review are to provide the existent knowledge on these associations and to discuss briefly the underlying mechanisms linking OPG and NAFLD.

Receptor activator of nuclear factorκB ligand/osteoprotegerin axis and vascular calcifications in patients with chronic kidney disease

Vascular calcifications are commonly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease （CKD） and contri-bute to the excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates observed in these patients populations. Although the pathogenetic mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated, recent evidence suggests a link between bone metabolism and the development and progression of vascular calcifications. Moreover, accumulating data indicate that receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/osteoprotegerin axis which plays essential roles in the regulation of bone metabolism is also involved in extra-osseous bone formation. Further studies are required to establish the prognostic significance of the above biomarkers as predictors of the presence and severity of vascular calcifications in CKD patients and of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Moreover, randomized clinical trials are needed to clarify whether inhibition of osteoclast activity will protect from vascular calcifcations.

Alendronate affects osteoprotegerin/receptor of activator of nuclear factor κB-ligand expression in human marrow stroma cells in vitro

Objective To evaluate the effect of alendronate on osteoprotegerin(OPG)and receptor of activator of nuclear factor κB-ligand(RANKL)expression in human marrow stroma cells(hMSCs)in vitro.Methods hMSCs were isolated from human marrow,cultured in vitro,and randomly divided into two groups:alendronate group,hMSCs culture fluid containing 1×10-7mol/L alendronate;control group,no special treatment but culturing hMSCs in DMEM.Two weeks after treatment,the expressions of OPG and RANKL were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results hMSCs became uniform spindle-shaped fibroblasts.As cells proliferated,they formed colonies and showed whirlpool arrangement.After one week’s treatment,hMSCs in alendronate group had reduced processes and gradually showed disc shape,which did not happen in control group but kept fibroblast shape and just increased in density.In RT-PCR,the ratio of OPG/RANKL in alendronate group and control group was 8.77±1.16 and 4.58±1.27,respectively.In Western blot,the ratio of OPG/RANKL in alendronate group and control group was 2.58±0.47 and 1.52±0.32,respectively.The ratio of OPG/RANKL was higher in alendronate group than in control group(P<0.01).Conclusion Alendronate enhances OPG expression and inhibits RANKL expression of hMSCs in vitro.

Effect of Triptolide on Expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand in Rat Adjuvant Induced Arthritis

The effect of triptolide （TP） on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand （RANKL） and osteoprotegerin （OPG） was explored in rat adjuvant induced arthritis （AA）. AA was induced in Wistar rats. Arthritis rats were treated with TP and methotrexate （MTX） at the onset （day 9） of arthritis. On the peak of arthritis （day 24）, the expression of RANKL and OPG protein in the joints and RANKL mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） was detected. TNF-α and IL-1β levels in peripheral blood were determined. Bone erosion scores were also evaluated. The results showed that bone erosion scores in TP and MTX groups were lower than in AA group （.P〈0.01） ; The expression levels of RANKL in the synovium （P〈0.01） and bone （P〈0.05）, and OPG level in synovium （P〈0.05） were lower in TP group than in AA group （P〈0.05）. In TP group, the expression levels of RANKL mRNA and TNF-α, IL-1β in PBMC were lower than in AA group （all P〈0.01）. It was concluded that TP could inhibit rat adjuvant arthritis bone erosion by suppressing the expression of RANKL.

Influence of baicalin on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and osteoprotegerin in human periodontal ligament cells

Objective To study the effect of baicalin on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand(RANKL)and osteoprotegerin(OPG)in cultured human periodontal ligament(HPDL)cells.Methods Small interfering RNA(siRNA)eukaryotic expression vector targeted transforming growth factor βⅡ receptor(TGF-β RⅡ)was constructed and transfected into T cells.HPDL cells with T cells transfected with siRNA or not were placed in the culture medium that had been added with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and baicalin.The obtained solution was divided into six groups according to the components(group Ⅰ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells transfected with siRNA1+baicalin;group Ⅱ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells transfected with siRNA1;group Ⅲ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells+baicalin;group Ⅳ:HPDL cells+LPS+T cells;group Ⅴ:HPDL cells+baicalin;group Ⅵ:HPDL cells)and was cultured for 48 hours.RT-PCR was used to observe the effect of baicalin on the expression of OPG-RANKL in HPDL cells.Results The ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅰ was lower than that in group Ⅱ(P<0.01)and higher than that in group Ⅲ(P<0.01);The ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅲ was lower than that in group Ⅳ(P<0.01);the ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅳ was higher than that in group Ⅵ(P<0.01);the ratio of RANKL/OPG in group Ⅴ was lower than that in group Ⅵ(P<0.05).Conclusion ① Baicalin could decrease the ratio of RANKL/OPG in HPDL cells.② The TGF-β signaling transduction plays an important role in the effect of baicalin on the RANKL/OPG ratio in HPDL cells.③ Baicalin acts not only through TGF-β to regulate RANKL/OPG in HPDL cells,but also through other pathways.

Inhibitory roles of protein kinase B and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator on hepatic HMG-CoA reductase promoter activity

Since we had previously demonstrated that siRNAs to tristetraprolin (TTP) markedly inhibited insulin stimulation of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR) transcription, we investigated the effects of transfecting rat liver with TTP constructs. We found that transfecting diabetic rats with TTP did not increase HMGR transcription but rather led to modest inhibition. We then investigated whether co-transfection with protein kinase B, hepatic form (AKT2), might lead to phosphorylation and result in activation of HMGR transcription. We found that this treatment resulted in near complete inhibition of transcription. Transfection with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g coactivator (PGC-1a) also inhibited HMGR transcription. These results show that although TTP is needed for activation of HMGR transcription, it cannot by itself activate this process. AKT2 and PGC-1a, which mediate the activation of gluconeogenic genes by insulin, exert the opposite effect on HMGR.

TRAIL receptor mediates inflammatory cytokine release in an NF-κB-dependent manner

In the present article, we report that DR4 or DR5 overexpression dramatically activates the release of the inflammatory cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, CCL20, MIP-2 and MIP-1β in an NF-κB-dependent manner in 293T, MDA-MB-231 and HCT-116 cells. We showed that death receptor-mediated signals were extracellular domain-independent, whereas the effect of overexpression of the DR4 intracellular domain was much less potent. The TRADD-TRAF2-NIK- IKKα/β signaling cascade, which plays an essential role in TNF-induced NF-κB activation, was found to be involved in tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand （TRAIL） receptor-mediated signal transduction. The FADD-caspase signaling pathway, which has been reported to be mostly related to apoptosis, was identified as being essential for DR4 or DR5 overexpression-mediated NF-κB activation and cytokine secretion and crosstalks with the TRADD-TRAF2-NIK-IKKα/β signaling cascade. Furthermore, a DR5 agonistic antibody （AD5-10） triggered the inflammatory cytokine release. These data, together with previous reports, provide strong evidence that TRAIL and TRAIL receptors play an important role in inflammation.

Promising Effects of Zerumbone on the Regulation of Tumor-promoting Cytokines Induced by TNF-α-activated Fibroblasts

Inflammation plays an important role in the development of several cancers.Inflammatory cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),are associated with the induction of inflammation.Chronic inflammation contributes to the progression of cancer through several mechanisms,including increased cytokine production and activation of transcription factors,such as nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB).Zerumbone(ZER),a component of subtropical ginger(Zingiber zerumbet Smith),seems to have anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,and antioxidant activities.In this study,we aimed to explore the protective function and mechanisms of ZER against TNF-α-induced cancer-promoting cytokines.We found that the viability of stimulated human fibroblast cell lines was reduced after treatment with ZER(IC50=18µmol/L),compared to un-stimulated fibroblasts(IC50=40µmol/L).Besides,ZER inhibited mRNA expression and protein secretion of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),interleukin-33(IL-33),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),and stromal cell-derived factor 1(SDF-1),which were produced by TNF-α-induced fibroblasts,as measured by quantitative real time-PCR(qRT-PCR)and ELISA assays.The mRNA expression levels of TGF-β,IL-33,SDF-1,and MCP-1 showed 8,5,2.5,and 4-fold reductions,respectively.Moreover,secretion of TGF-β,IL-33,SDF-1,and MCP-1 was reduced to 3.65±0.34 ng/mL,6.3±0.26,1703.6±295.2,and 5.02±0.18 pg/mL,respectively,compared to the untreated group.In addition,the conditioned media(CM)of TNF-α-stimulated fibroblasts increased the NF-κB expression in colorectal cancer cell lines(HCT-116 and Sw48),while in the vicinity of ZER,the expression of NF-κB was reversed.Considering the significant effects of ZER,this component can be used as an appropriate alternative herbal treatment for cancer-related chronic inflammation.

DETECTION OF PLASMA SOLUBLE INTERLEUKIN－2 RECEPTOR IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AND CHRONIC ACTIVE HEPATITIS B

Plasma levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in patients with chronic active hepatitis B (CAHB) or severe hepatitis B (SHB) were measured quantitatively by 'sandwich' ELISA with monoclonal antibodies in order to explore the change of sIL-2R levels, its clinical significance,and its relation to liver damage. The results showed that the plasma sIL-2R levels in patients with CAHB and SHB were much higher than those in normal controls (P < 0. 01 ), and the level ofplasma sIL-2R in patients with SHB was greatly higher than that in patients with CAHB. These results suggest that there is close relation between plasma level of sIL-2R, the clinical types of hepatitis B,and the severity of liver damage. In addition, there is no significant difference in plasma levels of sIL-2R between acute severe hepatitis B (ASHB), subacute severe hepatitis B (SASHB), and chronic severe hepatitis B (CSHB). No relation was found between sIL-2R level and hepatitis B virusreplication activity.

Relationship between Carbachol Hyperstimulation-induced Pancre-atic Intracelluar Trypsinogen and NF-κB Activation in Rats in vitro

The relationship between intracelluar trypsinogen activation and NF-κB activation in rat pancreatic acinar cells induced by M3 cholinergic receptor agonist （carbachol） hyperstimulation was studied. Rat pancreatic acinar cells were isolated, cultured and treated with carbachol, the active protease inhibitor （pefabloc） and NF-κB inhibitor （PDTC） in vitro. Intracelluar trypsin activity was measured by using a fluorogenic substrate. The activity of NF-κB was monitored by using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The results showed that after pretreatment with 2 mmol/L pefabloc, the activities of trypsin and NF-κB in pancreatic acinar cells treated with high concertrations of carbachol （10^-3 mol/L） in vitro was significantly decreased as compared with control group （P〈0.01 ）. The addition of 10^-2 mol/L PDTC resulted in a significant decrease of NF-κB activities in pancreatic acinar cells after treated with high concertrations of carbachol （10^-3 mol/L） in vitro, but the intracelluar trypsinogen activity was not obviously inhibited （P〉0.05）. It was concluded that intracelluar trypsinogen activation is likely involved in the regulation of high concertrations of carbachol-induced NF-κB activation in pancreatic acinar cells in vitro. NF-κB activation is likely not necessary for high concertrations of carbachol-induced trypsinogen activation in pancreatic acinar cells in vitro.

Relationship between Carbachol Hyperstimulation-Induced Pancreatic Acinar Cellular Injury and Trypsinogen or NF-κB Activation in Rats in vitro

The relationship between M3 cholinergic receptor agonist （carbachol） hyperstimulationinduced pancreatic acinar cellular injury and trypsinogen activation or NF-κB activation in rats was studied in vitro. Rat pancreatic acinar ceils were isolated, cultured and treated with carbachol, the active protease inhibitor （pefabloc）, and NF-κB inhibitor （PDTC） in vitro. Intracellular trypsin activity was measured by using a fluorogenic substrate. The cellular injury was evaluated by measuring the leakage of LDH from pancreatic acinar ceils. The results showed that as compared with control group, 10-3 mol/L carbachol induced a significant increase of the intracellular trypsin activity and the leakage of LDH from pancreatic acinar cells. Pretreatment with 2 mmol/L pefabloc could significantly decrease the activity of trypsin and the leakage of LDH from pancreatic acinar cells （P〈0. 01） following the treatment with a high concentration of carbachol （10^-3 mol/L） in vitro. The addition of 10^-2mol/L PDTC didn＇t result in a significant decrease in the activity of trypsin and the leakage of LDH from pancreatic acinar cells treated with a high concentration of carbachol （10^-3 mol/L） in vitro （P〉0. 05）. It was concluded that intracellular trypsinogen activation is likely involved in pancreatic acinar cellular injury induced by carbachol hyperstimulation in vitro. NF-κB activation may not be involved in pancreatic acinar cellular injury induced by carbachol hyperstimulation in vitro.

Estrogen Receptor Alpha 36 Gene Knockdown Promote the Expression of NF-κB in PC12 Cells

The nuclear transcription factors κB (NF-κB) is widely existing in various kinds of cell types in the nervous system and plays an important role in neuron apoptosis and neurodegenerative diseases. Estrogen receptor alpha 36 (ER-α36), is a novel variant of ERα (as known ER-α66) which can transduce both estrogenand antiestrogen-dependent activation of MAPK signal pathway and stimulate cell growth. Here, we aimed to detect the effect of ER-α36 gene silencing on the expression of NF-κB in normal cultured PC12 cells and to provide an experimental foundation for understanding the function of ER-α36 innerve cells. PC12 cells with ER-α36 expression knocked down by the shRNA method. Then Western blot and immunocytochemical staining were performed to detect the expression and translocation of NF-κB after transfection. The results showed that NF-κB expression was significantly higher comparing with the control group after transfection (P 0.01). Also, NF-κB subunit entered nuclear after transfection;Immunofluorescence staining and immunocytochemical staining of PC12 cells demonstrated that ER-α36 was expressed mainly on the plasma membrane and on the cell nucleus membrane. These data indicate that ER-α36 gene silencing can increase the expression of NF-κB and promote its nuclear translocation in PC12 cells.

Inhibitory Actions of Tetrandrine on Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Induced NF-κB Activation in Neovascularization of Cultured Choroidal Explants

Tetrandrine (1 μM), a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Stephania tetrandra S Moore, signifi-cantly decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα;10 ng/ml)-induced increase in the number of micro vessels that budded from cultured rat choroidal explants. Tetrandrine also decreased the TNFα-induced in-crease in the number of cells composing the microvessels. Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC;0.1-0.3 μM), an inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), decreased the TNFα-induced increase in the number of microvessels in a concentration-dependent manner. TNFα increased the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα), as well as increasing the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in choroidal explants. TNF? induced an increase of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A mRNA, but not VEGF-C mRNA or VEGF-D mRNA. TNFα-induced angiogenic action was inhibited by treatment of VEGF-A antibody in cultured choroidal capillaries. Tetrandrine inhibited the TNFα-induced increases of phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, and reduced the TNFα-induced increase of DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in chor-oidal explants. In conclusion, tetrandrine inhibits TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB in the choroidal capil-laries via inhibition of TNFα-induced phosphorylation of IκBα.

小胶质细胞TLR4/NF-κB通路在脑血管疾病中的作用研究近况

大量研究表明,急性炎症参与脑血管疾病（Cerebrovascular diseases,CVD）的病理生理过程。Toll样受体（Toll-like receptors,TLRs）是一种模式识别受体（Pattern recognition receptor,PRR）。到目前为止,在人体内发现至少有11种TLRs,在老鼠体内至少有12种。TLRs的同源物相继被鉴定出来（TLR1-13）,其中TLR1~9在人和小鼠体内均被发现,TLR10只在人体内发现,而TLR11则只在小鼠体内被发现。

NF-κB和STAT3对宫颈癌作用的研究进展

宫颈癌是女性第二好发的恶性肿瘤,对于晚期患者,放疗联合化疗是主要的治疗方法。但放化疗诱导的炎症使肿瘤产生了治疗抵抗并引起正常组织的损伤。其中激活的转录因子核因子-κB（nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB）和信号转导及转录激活因子3（signal transducer and activator of transduction 3,STAT3）,是炎症反应的中心环节。

过氧化物酶增殖物活化受体γ调节胰腺癌生长部分依赖于NF-κB和AP-1

目的探讨过氧化物酶增殖物活化受体γ(PPARγ)在人胰腺癌生长中的调节作用,以及核因子-κB(NF-κB)和活化蛋白(AP-1)在该过程的变化,旨在进一步揭示PPARγ抑制胰腺癌生长的机制。方法培养细胞经PPARγ配体15-脱氧-前列腺素J2(15d-PGJ2)、RXRα配体9-顺式-维甲酸(9-cis-RA)及其联合作用后,用MTT法测定细胞活力,并评价药物的抗增殖效果;用TransAMTM方法检测其对SW1990细胞中核因子-κB(NF-κB)p65活性蛋白表达的影响;用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测其对SW1990细胞活化蛋白-1(AP-1)表达的调节作用。结果15d-PGJ2和9-cis-RA及其联合应用对胰腺癌细胞的增殖均具有抑制作用,且呈剂量依赖性。9-cis-RA对15d-PGJ2抑制胰腺癌细胞增殖具有协同效应。TransAMTM检测显示,15d-PGJ2、9-cis-RA及其联合作用干预组NF-κBp65活性蛋白含量均表现为先降后升的趋势,但都未达到对照组的水平。RT-PCR揭示随着15d-PGJ2、9-cis-RA及其联合作用浓度的提高,c-junmRNA表达水平均呈现先增高后降低的趋势;在15d-PGJ2或9-cis-RA单独干预组中,c-fosmRNA表达水平逐渐减弱;而在两者联合作用组中表现为逐渐增强的趋势。结论PPARγ的活化在体外对胰腺癌的生长呈负调节作用。RXRα的激活可协同增强PPARγ激动剂的抗增殖作用。

NF-κB/TLR4信号通路在急性胰腺炎大鼠肝损伤中的表达及PPAR-γ激动剂的保护作用

目的基于NF-κB/TLR4信号传导通路探讨γ激动剂罗格列酮对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法 72只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(SO组)、SAP模型组、罗格列酮处理组(ROSI组),每组24只,各组再随机分为术后6 h、12 h、24 h组,每组8只。SAP模型组采用腹腔注射L-精氨酸法制备,ROSI组在SAP造模后30 min从股静脉注射10%罗格列酮溶液6 mg/kg,SO组仅腹腔注射等体积生理盐水。制模后观察大鼠肝脏组织病理变化,测定肝组织TLR4、NF-κB、Bax、Bcl-2等因子及外周血TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、ALT、AST、LDH含量。结果 ROSI组大鼠肝细胞病理损害较SAP组减轻,肝组织NF-κB、TLR4、Bax、Bcl-2、肝细胞凋亡指数与SAP组比较有明显差异(P<0.05),外周血TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、ALT、AST、LDH含量与SAP组比较明显下降(P<0.05)。结论 PPAR-γ激动剂可能通过抑制NF-κB/TLR4信号传导通路的活性,下调下游促炎细胞因子水平,从而减轻急性胰腺炎过程中的肝细胞损伤。

游离脂肪酸激活HaCaT细胞表面TLR对NF-ΚB信号转导通路的影响

目的:观察长链游离脂肪酸对体外培养的角质形成细胞的作用,探讨其对TLR及NF-ΚB信号转导通路的影响。方法:①体外培养Hacat细胞,实验分为N、PA、SA、LPS四组,N组为正常对照组,软脂酸(Palmitic Acid,PA)750μmol/L、硬脂酸(Stearic Acid,SA)750μmol/L、脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)500 ng/L和Hacat细胞共培养72h组分别为N组、PA组、SA组、LPS组;②LPS、SA与角质形成细胞共培养72h检测LPS、SA对Hacat细胞NF-κB、p-IκBα、IκBα表达的影响。通过免疫印迹法(Weston blot)检测SA、LPS对Hacat细胞TLR2、TLR4、NF-ΚB、p-IκBα、IκBα表达的影响;Real Ti me PCR方法检测对Hacat细胞内NF-κB、TNF-αmRNA表达的影响。结果:SA、LPS激活细胞表面TLR后可以明显促进细胞表面TLR2、TLR4表达及细胞内NF-κB、TNF-α等促炎症因子的表达。PA促进Hacat细胞内NF-ΚB、p-IκBα、IκBα表达无明显影响(P>0.05)结论:SA可促进角质形成细胞分泌NF-κB、TNF-α等因子表达促进炎症反应;其机制可能为:SA可能通过TLR及NF-κB信号传导通路促进细胞释放NF-κB、TNF-α等促炎因子。