Objectives: Monocytes/macrophages accumulate in the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis and play a key role in disease pathogenesis, contributing to inflammation, cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Identifi...Objectives: Monocytes/macrophages accumulate in the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis and play a key role in disease pathogenesis, contributing to inflammation, cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Identification of molecules involved in monocyte/macrophage recruitment in inflammation is crucial for development of therapeutic interventions. Chemokine receptor CCR9 is up-regulated on these cells in peripheral blood and synovium of rheumatoid patients. This study investigated the course of antigen-induced arthritis in CCR9 deficient C57BL/6 mice in comparison to wild type animals to determine whether CCR9 is critical for disease severity and progression. Methods: Methylated bovine serum albumin was used for induction of uni-lateral arthritis by direct injection into the knee joints of preimmunized animals. Arthritis is confined to the injected joint allowing comparison with the normal opposing joint. Clinical severity of arthritis was assessed by measuring swelling in the arthritic joint in comparison to the normal joint. Histological analysis was performed to assess the extent of leukocyte infiltration and cartilage depletion. Results: Levels of swelling were not significantly different between wild type and CCR9 deficient mice. Similarly there was no significant difference in histological severity of arthritis when comparing CCR9-deficient mice to wild type mice. Conclusions: CCR9 was not required for development of synovial inflammation and cartilage destruction in the anti-gen-induced model of arthritis in C57BL/6 mice in this study. This may reflect a true lack of a pathogenic role of CCR9 on monocyte/macrophage function in vivo or it may reflect differences in the current antigen-induced arthritis model when compared to human RA.展开更多
Atmospheric particulate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） size distribution were measured at Jhu-Shan （a rural site） and Sin-Gang （a town site） in central Taiwan during the rice straw burning and non-b...Atmospheric particulate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） size distribution were measured at Jhu-Shan （a rural site） and Sin-Gang （a town site） in central Taiwan during the rice straw burning and non-burning periods. The concentrations of total PAHs accounting for a roughly 58% （34%） increment in the concentrations of total PAHs due to rice-straw burning. Combustion-related PAHs during burning periods were 1.54-2.57 times higher than those during non-burning periods. The mass median diameter （MMD） of 0.88-1.21 μm in the particulate phase suggested that rice-straw burning generated the increase in coarse particle number. Chemical mass balance （CMB） receptor model analyses showed that the primary pollution sources at the two sites were similar. However, ricestraw burning emission was specifically identified as a significant source of PAH during burning periods at the two sites. Open burning of rice straws was estimated to contribute approximately 6.3%-24.6% to total atmospheric PAHs at the two sites.展开更多
采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS)联用技术对灵芝醇提物的化学成分进行系统分析,总结其代表性化学成分的裂解规律,并对灵芝潜在作用于法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)靶点的抗肝纤维化活性...采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS)联用技术对灵芝醇提物的化学成分进行系统分析,总结其代表性化学成分的裂解规律,并对灵芝潜在作用于法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)靶点的抗肝纤维化活性物质进行研究,阐明其药效物质基础。初步鉴定出灵芝醇提物95种化学成分,包括灵芝酸类24种、灵芝烯酸类9种、赤芝酸类13种、丹芝酸类3种、灵芝内酯类1种、其他三萜类成分40种、脂肪酸类成分4种、其他类1种,并分析了其裂解规律。如灵芝酸、灵芝烯酸类成分的结构特征以C30为骨架,含有游离的-COOH及-OH,易失去H2O、CO_(2)分子形成碎片离子,D环多为五元环,易发生断裂;赤芝酸类成分属于C27骨架的羊毛甾烷型,与灵芝酸类成分相比其侧链结构变短,由8个碳减少为5个,同灵芝酸类含有常见的游离-COOH、-OH,容易失去H2O、CO_(2)分子。通过选取已报道的6种FXR受体激动剂组成训练集,建立基于FXR配体的药效团模型,以鉴定出的95种灵芝化学成分与药效团进行匹配,通过测试集分子对模型进行验证,选出最优药效团模型02(敏感性=0.75000,特异性=0.55556,ROC=0.750)用于对灵芝化合物库的虚拟筛选,经匹配筛选得到31种潜在的可用于激活FXR的灵芝活性成分,随后ADMET预测结果表明灵芝酸H和赤芝酸J与血浆蛋白的结合率低于90%,且无肝毒性,可作为FXR激活剂开发单用或联用治疗肝纤维化的临床药物。展开更多
文摘Objectives: Monocytes/macrophages accumulate in the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis and play a key role in disease pathogenesis, contributing to inflammation, cartilage destruction and bone erosion. Identification of molecules involved in monocyte/macrophage recruitment in inflammation is crucial for development of therapeutic interventions. Chemokine receptor CCR9 is up-regulated on these cells in peripheral blood and synovium of rheumatoid patients. This study investigated the course of antigen-induced arthritis in CCR9 deficient C57BL/6 mice in comparison to wild type animals to determine whether CCR9 is critical for disease severity and progression. Methods: Methylated bovine serum albumin was used for induction of uni-lateral arthritis by direct injection into the knee joints of preimmunized animals. Arthritis is confined to the injected joint allowing comparison with the normal opposing joint. Clinical severity of arthritis was assessed by measuring swelling in the arthritic joint in comparison to the normal joint. Histological analysis was performed to assess the extent of leukocyte infiltration and cartilage depletion. Results: Levels of swelling were not significantly different between wild type and CCR9 deficient mice. Similarly there was no significant difference in histological severity of arthritis when comparing CCR9-deficient mice to wild type mice. Conclusions: CCR9 was not required for development of synovial inflammation and cartilage destruction in the anti-gen-induced model of arthritis in C57BL/6 mice in this study. This may reflect a true lack of a pathogenic role of CCR9 on monocyte/macrophage function in vivo or it may reflect differences in the current antigen-induced arthritis model when compared to human RA.
基金The Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology supported this work under the grant 94-INS-024
文摘Atmospheric particulate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） size distribution were measured at Jhu-Shan （a rural site） and Sin-Gang （a town site） in central Taiwan during the rice straw burning and non-burning periods. The concentrations of total PAHs accounting for a roughly 58% （34%） increment in the concentrations of total PAHs due to rice-straw burning. Combustion-related PAHs during burning periods were 1.54-2.57 times higher than those during non-burning periods. The mass median diameter （MMD） of 0.88-1.21 μm in the particulate phase suggested that rice-straw burning generated the increase in coarse particle number. Chemical mass balance （CMB） receptor model analyses showed that the primary pollution sources at the two sites were similar. However, ricestraw burning emission was specifically identified as a significant source of PAH during burning periods at the two sites. Open burning of rice straws was estimated to contribute approximately 6.3%-24.6% to total atmospheric PAHs at the two sites.
文摘采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS)联用技术对灵芝醇提物的化学成分进行系统分析,总结其代表性化学成分的裂解规律,并对灵芝潜在作用于法尼醇X受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)靶点的抗肝纤维化活性物质进行研究,阐明其药效物质基础。初步鉴定出灵芝醇提物95种化学成分,包括灵芝酸类24种、灵芝烯酸类9种、赤芝酸类13种、丹芝酸类3种、灵芝内酯类1种、其他三萜类成分40种、脂肪酸类成分4种、其他类1种,并分析了其裂解规律。如灵芝酸、灵芝烯酸类成分的结构特征以C30为骨架,含有游离的-COOH及-OH,易失去H2O、CO_(2)分子形成碎片离子,D环多为五元环,易发生断裂;赤芝酸类成分属于C27骨架的羊毛甾烷型,与灵芝酸类成分相比其侧链结构变短,由8个碳减少为5个,同灵芝酸类含有常见的游离-COOH、-OH,容易失去H2O、CO_(2)分子。通过选取已报道的6种FXR受体激动剂组成训练集,建立基于FXR配体的药效团模型,以鉴定出的95种灵芝化学成分与药效团进行匹配,通过测试集分子对模型进行验证,选出最优药效团模型02(敏感性=0.75000,特异性=0.55556,ROC=0.750)用于对灵芝化合物库的虚拟筛选,经匹配筛选得到31种潜在的可用于激活FXR的灵芝活性成分,随后ADMET预测结果表明灵芝酸H和赤芝酸J与血浆蛋白的结合率低于90%,且无肝毒性,可作为FXR激活剂开发单用或联用治疗肝纤维化的临床药物。
