B2 adrenergic receptors and morphological changes of the enteric nervous system in colorectal adenocarcinoma

To study the morphology of the enteric nervous system and the expression of beta-2 adrenergic (B2A) receptors in primary colorectal cancer.METHODSIn this study, we included forty-eight patients with primary colorectal cancer and nine patients for control tissue from the excision of a colonic segment for benign conditions. We determined the clinicopathological features and evaluated the immunohistochemical expression pattern of B2A receptors as well as the morphological changes of the enteric nervous system (ENS). In order to assess statistical differences, we used the student t-test for comparing the means of two groups and one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s post hoc analysis for comparing the means of more than two groups. Correlations were assessed using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient.RESULTSB2A receptors were significantly associated with tumor grading, tumor size, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), while there were no statistically significant associations with gender, CRC location and gross appearance (P > 0.05). We observed, on one hand, a decrease of the relative area for both Auerbach and Meissner plexuses with the increase of the tumor grading, and on the other hand, an increase of the relative area of other nervous elements not in the Meissner plexus or in the Auerbach plexus with the tumor grading. For G1 tumors we found that epithelial B2A area showed an inverse correlation with the Auerbach plexus areas [r(14) = -0.531, P < 0.05], while for G2 tumors, epithelial B2A areas showed an indirect variation with both the Auerbach plexus areas [r(14) = -0.453, P < 0.05] and the Meissner areas [r(14) = -0.825, P < 0.01]. For G3 tumors, the inverse dependence increased for both Auerbach [r(14) = -0.587, P < 0.05] and Meissner [r(14) = -0.934, P < 0.05] plexuses.CONCLUSIONB2A receptors play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis and can be utilized as prognostic factors. Furthermore, study of the ENS in colorectal cancer may lead to targeted molecular therapies.

Changes of pulmonary beta-adrenergic receptors and their relationship with membranous phospholipid metabolism in endotoxin-induced lung injury in rats

The changes of beta-adrenergic receptors (AARs) in lung tissue in endotoxin-induced acute lung injury was investigated with radioligand bindig assay in rats. The lipid fluidity and phospholipid content of the cellular membrane of lung tissue were measured with fluorescent polarization and high performance liquid chromatography respectively. The findings were as follows:1- Four hours after endotoxin injection, there was a 47% decrease of the maximal binding capacity of fyARsas compared with the control.2. Endotoxin was able to decrease the lipid fluidity and phospholipid content of the pulmonary cellular membrane markedly and at the same time. There was an elevated activity of phospholipase A2 in the pulmonary tissueThese findings suggest that the decrease of the binding capacity of &ARs results in a decrease of the PAR mediated functions, which plays a ro1e in the pathogensis of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury and the activation of phospholipase A2 which is an important factor to reduce the phospholipid content of cell membrane and subsequently to decrease its lipid fluidity, can result in a reduction of the lateral diffusion and rotatory movement of β-ARs and to decrease the chances of β-ARs to bind with the ligands.

Blocking beta 2-adrenergic receptor inhibits dendrite ramification in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Dendrite ramification affects synaptic strength and plays a crucial role in memory. Previous studies revealed a correlation between beta 2-adrenergic receptor dysfunction and Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, although the mechanism involved is still poorly understood. The current study investigated the potential effect of the selective β2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, ICI 118551 （ICI）, on Aβ deposits and AD-related cognitive impairment. Morris water maze test results demonstrated that the performance of AD-transgenic （TG） mice treated with ICI （AD-TG/ICI） was significantly poorer compared with NaCl-treated AD-TG mice （AD-TG/NaCl）, suggesting that β2-adrenergic receptor blockage by ICI might reduce the learning and memory abilities of mice. Golgi staining and immunohistochemical staining revealed that blockage of the β2-adrenergic receptor by ICI treatment decreased the number of dendritic branches, and ICI treatment in AD-TG mice decreased the expression of hippocampal synaptophysin and synapsin 1. Western blot assay results showed that the blockage of β2-adrener- gic receptor increased amyloid-β accumulation by downregulating hippocampal a-secretase activity and increasing the phosphorylation of amyloid precursor protein. These findings suggest that blocking the β2-adrenergic receptor inhibits dendrite ramification of hippocampal neurons in a mouse model of AD.

Correlation of beta－receptors in human pathological brain tissue and in peripheral blood lymphocytes

Beta-adrenergic receptors in the brain are involved in modulating cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral energy metabolism (CEM). Because of the difficult availability of brain tissue samples, investigation of the relevant beta-receptor of brain is limited. In the present study, the density of beta-receptors in brain tissues and in circulating lymphocytes was measured by the method of radio-ligand receptor binding (RLBA), in brain injury or brain tumor and a correlation analysis was performed. Our results show that there is linear correlation between the beta-receptors in brain tissue and in peripheral blood lymphocytes (r= 0. 811 , P<0. 01) in cases of increased permeability of bloodbrain barrier during brain injury or brain tumor.

Association of β3 Adrenergic Receptor and Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma 2 Polymorphisms With Insulin Sensitivity:A Twin Study

Objective To study the effect of β3 adrenergic receptor （β3AR） Trp64Arg and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2 （PPAR72） Prol2Ala polymorphisms on insulin resistance. Methods One hundred and eight dizygotic twin pairs were enrolled in this study. Microsatellite polymorphism was used to diagnose zygosity of twins. Insulin sensitivity was estimated with logarithm transformed homeostasis model assessment （HOMA）. PCR-RFLP analysis was performed to detect the variants. As a supplement to the sib-pair method, identity by state （IBS） was used to analyze the association of polymorphisms with insulin sensitivity. Results The genotype frequencies of Trp64Trg, Trp64Arg, and Arg64Arg were 72.3%, 23.8%, and 3.9%, respectively, while the genotype frequencies of Pro12Pro, Pro12Ala, and Ala12Ala were 89.9%, 9.6%, and 0.5%, respectively. For β3AR Trp64Arg the interclass co-twin correlations of Waist-to-hip ratio （WHR）, blood glucose （GLU）, and insulin （INS）, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index （HOMA-IR） of the twin pairs sharing 2 alleles of IBS were greater than those sharing 0-1 allele of IBS, and HOMA4R had statistic significance. For PPAR3t2 Prol2Ala most traits of twin pairs sharing 2 alleles of IBS had greater correlations and statistic significance in body mass index （BMI）, WHR, percent of body fat （PBF） and GLU, but there were low correlations of either insulin or HOMA-IR of twin pairs sharing 1 or 2 alleles of IBS. The combined effects of the two variations showed less squared significant twin-pair differences of INS and HOMA-IR among twins sharing 4 alleles of IBS. Condusions β3AR Trp64Arg and PPAR）,2 Pro 12Ala polymorphisms might be associated with insulin resistance and obesity, and there might be slight synergistic effects between this two gene loci, and further studies are necessary to confirm this finding.

AduoLa Fuzhenglin Down-regulates Microwave-induced Expression of β_1-adrenergic Receptor and Muscarinic Type 2 Acetylcholine Receptor in Myocardial Cells of Rats

This paper is aimed to study the effect of ADL on expression of ~z-AR and Mz-AchR in myocardial cells of rats exposed to microwave radiation. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and image analysis were used to detect the expression of ~I-AR and Mz-AchR in myocardial cells at 7 and 14 d after microwave exposure. The results show that the expression level was higher in microwave exposure group and 0.75 g/（kg.d） ADL group than in sham operation group and significantly lower in 1.5 and 3.0 g/（kg.d） ADL groups than in microwave group. So we have a conclusion that the expression of I^z-AR and Mz-AchR is down-regulated in myocardial cells of rats exposed to microwave radiation. ADL can protect rats against microwave-induced heart tissue injury.

Association between essential hypertension and polymorphisms of beta 1 adrenergic receptor gene G1165C (Gly389Arg) in Chinese Mongolian population

BACKGROUND： The prevalences of hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases, etc. are higher in Mongolian population because of the influence of various factors including genetics, geography, diet, etc. Therefore, it is helpful to develop researches on the genetics of various diseases including hypertension in Mongolian population. OBJECTIVE： To analyze the association between the polymorphism of beta1 adrenergic receptor （β1-AR） gene G1165C （Arg389Gly）, an important candidate gene for various diseases of cardiovascular system, and essential hypertension in Mongolian population. DESIGN ： A cross-sectional study SETTINGS： Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College; Wulate Houqi Red Cross Society. PARTICIPANTS： The survey was carried out from February 2003 to March 2005. Totally 239 Mongolian residents, whose blood relations of 3 generations were all Mongolians, were selected from Wulate Houqi, Inner Mongolia, and they were all informed with the survey and detected items. Based on the diagnostic standard of hypertension set by WHO in 1999, the subjects were divided into two groups according to the level blood pressure： ① Normal blood pressure group （n=117）： systolic blood pressure （SBP） 〈 140 mm Hg （1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa）, diastolic blood pressure （DBP） 〈 90 mm Hg, and those having histories of cerebrovascular disease, heart disease, diseases of liver, kidney and tiroides, and diabetes mellitus were excluded. ② Essential hypertension group （n=122）： including 51 patients with simple high SBP. All the enrolled subjects had no blood relationship with each other, and had no history of miscegenation. METHODS ： The body height, body mass, waist circumference and blood lipids were measured routinely, and their habits of smoking and drinking were also investigated. Penpheral venous blood （5 mL） was drawn, the genome DNA was extracted, and the polymorphisms of the β1-AR Gl165C （Gly389Arg） genotype were detected with the Sequenom system. Polymerase chain reaction （PCR） experiment and SNP detection were performed in Huada Gene Laboratory of Bejing, then the univariate analysis of variance was applied in the sample comparison among groups, and the chi-square test was used to compare the genotypes and allele frequencies. The odd ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （CO were calculated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The distributions of β1-AR Gl165C （Gly389Arg） genotypes and alleles were observed. RESULTS： A11 the 239 subjects were involved in the analysis of results, and no one missed, ①Comparison of β1-AR G1165C （Gly389Arg） genotypes and allele distnbutions： In Mongolian population, the frequencies of CC and GG＋GC genotypes at β1-AR G1165C （Gly389Arg） site in the essential hypertension group （72%, 28%） were not significantly different from those in the normal blood pressure group （67%, 33%） （xz=0.841, P=-0.359; OR 0.773, 95%Cl： 0.445-1.342）; The frequencies of C and G alleles also had no significant differences between the essential hypertension group （85%, 15%） and the normal blood pressure group （82%, 18%） （x^2=1.136, P=-0.287; OR： 0.769, 95%Cl： 0.747-1.248）. ②The frequencies of CC and GG＋GC genotypes at β1-AR G1165C （Gly389Arg） site had no significant differences between the patients with simple high SBP （71%, 29%） and the normal blood pressure group （x^2=0.250, P=-0.617; OR： 0.833, 95%C/： 0.408-1.703）; The frequencies of C and G alleles were not significantly different between the patients with simple high SBP （86%, 14%） and the normal blood pressure group （x^2=0.670, P=-0.413; OR 0.766, 95%Cl： 0.404-1.453）. CONCLUSION： In Mongolian population, the distributions of the genotypes and alleles of β1-AR Gl165C （Gly389Arg） have no obvious differences between the subjects with normal blood pressure and the patients with essential hypertension （including simple SBP increase）, which suggests that G1165C （Glu389Asp） site of β1-AR gene may be not a genetic mark of essential hypertension and simple high SBP in Mongolian population.

Effects ofβ_2-Adrenergic Antagonist on Cytosolic Ca^(2+) in Ventricular Myocytes from Infarcted Rat Heart

Objectives To investigate the effects of β2-adrenergic antagonist on cytosolic Ca^2 ＋ （[Ca^2＋ ]i） in ventricular myocytes from infarcted rat heart. Methods A ligature was placed around left anterior descending coronary artery of rat hearts. Rats in the control group were sham-operated. Cardiomyocytes were dissociated at two, four, eight weeks after myocardial infarction （MI） and [Ca^2＋]i was measured via fura-2 fluorescence. The response of cardiomyocytes to isoproterenol in presence or absence of betal-adrenergic antagonist atenolol, beta2-adrenergic antagonist ICI118, 551 or non-selective β1, 2- adrenergic antagonists propranolol was examined. Results The followings were found that ICI 118, 551 had no significant effects on the rise of [Ca^2＋]i induced by isoproterenol in normal ventricular myocytes （P 〉 0.05）, ICI118, 551 only significantly attenuated the rise of [Ca^2＋]i induced by isoproterenol at four weeks and eight weeks after MI （24.5%±5.7% vs 57.8% ± 13.2%, P〈 0.01; 12.2%±7.9% vs 44.6%±11.3%, P〈 0.01）. Atenolol had suppressive effects only in the control group and the post-MI group of two weeks （P 〈 0.05）, and propranolol had suppressive effects in the control and all the three post-MI groups （P 〈 0.01）. Conclusions Beta2-adrenergic antagonist ICI118, 551 may exert negative effects on Ca^2＋ overload initiated by sympathetic stimulation after MI.

Effect of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Beta Adrenergic Receptor Adenylate Cyclase System on Surfaces of Peripheral Lymphocytes

Summary: The experimental results showed that the level of CAMP, the ratio of cAPM to cGMP, IL-2R expression and IL-2 production in vitro in lymphocytes immediate and 2 weeks after car- diopulmonary bypass (CPB) were significantly lower than those before anesthetics in the patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. These findings suggested that CPB could cause serious damage to adrenergic beta receptor-adenylate cyclase system on circulating lymphocytes surfaces, which might be one of the mechanisms resulting in immunosuppression after open heart surgery with CPB.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF BETA-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS IN GUINEA PIG LUNGS AND THEIR CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ASTHMA

In this paper, the distribution of pulmonary beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-receptors) innormal and experimental allergic asthmatic guinea pigs was determined using autoradiograph-ic method. The results showed that the distribution of beta-receptors in the lung sections waswidespread. There was a significant decrease of beta-receptor density in several tissue struc-tures of asthmatic guinea pig lungs compared with the controls, a 23.73% decrease in beta-recep-tor binding sites in bronchiolar smooth muscles and a 18.65% decrease in bronchial smoothmuscles; a 23 .53%. a 14.23% and a 17. 16% decrease in bronchiolar epithelium, in bronchialepithelium and in alveolar epithelium respectively. The results indicated that the beta-recep-tor decrease in smooth muscles in experimental asthmatic guinea pig lungs might be one ofthe important factors which made the tension of smooth muscles increase. The relationshipbetween the beta-receptor decrease of other sites and bronchial asthma needs to be studiedfurther.

Role of β-Adrenergic Signal Transduction Pathway on Myocardial Ischemic Preconditioning of Rats

To study the changes in every part of the β-adrenergic signal transduction pathway and their effects on ischemic preconditioning of rat myocardium in vivo. SD rats were divided into three groups： IP group, I/R group and CON group. The IP group was further divided into PC1-, 2-, 3-, and PC1＋, 2＋, 3＋ groups according to preconditioning procedure. The rats received surgical procedure and underwent left coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. We analyzed the infarct size by TTC staining, measured serum myocardial enzymes, studied the β-AR Bmax and Kd by radioligand binding assay of receptors, checked the activity of AC and PKA by the method of biochemistry and examined the content of cAMP by radioimmunoassay. The infarct area was much smaller in the IP group than in the I/R group （P〈0. 001）, while the enzymes were significantly higher in I/R （P〈0. 001）. The Bmax of β-AR in IP was much higher than that in I/R （P〈0. 001）, but no difference in Kd could be seen between IP and I/R groups. In IP, the activity of AC and PKA and the content of cAMP were higher than those in I/R （P〈0.05, 0. 002 and 0. 001, respectively）. In the procedure of preconditioning, the content of cAMP and the activity of PKA showed the characteristic of cyclic fluctuation. Ischemic preconditioning can protect the heart from necrosis and reduce endo-enzyme leakage. The system of β-adrenergic signal transduction pathway probably takes part in the protection effect of the IP, which might be elicited by the PKA .

No functional β_3-adrenergic receptors expressed in rat skeletal muscle cells

目的：研究原代培养的大鼠骨骼肌细胞中是否存在功能性β３肾上腺素受体（β３ＡＲ）．方法：利用柱层析方法测定异丙肾上腺素（Ｉｓｏ），β３ＡＲ激动剂ＣＧＰ１２１７７Ａ和β３ＡＲ拮抗剂ＳＲ５９２３０Ａ对培养骨骼肌细胞环磷腺苷（ｃＡＭＰ）生成作用．结果：Ｉｓｏ剂量依赖性刺激骨骼肌细胞ｃＡＭＰ的生成，ＥＣ５０为１５１ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１．普萘洛尔０．１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１抑制Ｉｓｏ刺激的ｃＡＭＰ的生成，ＫＢ值为３４７ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１．ＣＧＰ１２１７７Ａ无刺激ｃＡＭＰ生成作用，但可抑制Ｉｓｏ的作用．ＳＲ５９２３０Ａ１０ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１不能抑制Ｉｓｏ刺激ｃＡＭＰ的产生．

Effects of anisodamine on pulmonary α_1-adrenergic receptor and phospholipase A, in acute lung injury

Objective: To imastigate the effects of anisodamine on pulmonary α1- adrenergic receptor andphospholipase A, in acute lung injurg. Methods: Change of α1--adrenergic receptor (al AR ) in lung tissllesduring endotoxin--induced rat acute lung injury was measured with radioligand biding assay. The effects ofanisodamine on pulmonary α1--AR and phospholipase A2 (PLA2 ) were observed. Results: 1. 4 h after theendotoxin injection, there was a significant decrease in the maximal binding capacity of α1--AR by 34% ascompared with the control group. meanwhile elevated activity of PLA2 in rat lung and reduction of thephospholipids content of cell membrane was found. 2. Anisodamine could attenuate endotoxin--induced acutelung injury in rats. Conclusion: This effect might be related to anisodamine’s blockage of α1--AR andsuppression of PLA2, prevention of membranous phospholipids from degradation. and the reduction ofarachidonic acid release.

Jueming Prescription(决明方) Reduces Body Weight by Increasing the mRNA Expressions of Beta3-Adrenergic Receptor and Uncoupling Protein-2 in Adipose Tissue of Diet-Induced Obese Rats

Objective： To investigate the antiobesity effect of Jueming Prescription （决明方, JMP）, a Chinese herbal medicine formula, and its influence on mRNA expressions of beta3 adrenergic receptor （beta3-AR） and uncoupling protein-2 （UCP-2） in adipose tissue of diet-induced obese rats. Methods： Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control group （n=8） that was on a standard chow diet, and the obese model group （n=42） that was on a diet of high fat chow. Two weeks after the high fat diet, 29 obese rats in the obese model group were further randomly divided into 3 groups： the untreated obese model group （n=9）, the met＇formin group （n=10, mefformin 300 mg-kg-1.day-1）, and the JMP group （n=10, JMP 4 g.kg-1.dayl）. After 8-week treatment, body weight, wet weight of visceral fat, and percentage of body fat （PBF） were measured. The levels of fasting blood glucose, serum lipids, and insulin were assessed, and insulin sensitivity index （ISI） was calculated. The adipose tissue section was stained with hematoxylin-Eosin, and the cellular diameter and quantity of adipocytes were evaluated by light microscopy. The mRNA expressions of beta3-AR and UCP-2 from the pet-renal fat tissue were determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Results： Compared with the obese model group, treatment with JMP resulted in significantly lower body weight, wet weight of visceral fat, PBF, and diameter of adipocytes, and significantly higher level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, ISI （all P〈0.01）, JMP increased the mRNA expressions of beta3-AR and UCP-2 from pedrenal fat tissue （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. Conclusions： JMP could reduce body weight and adipocyte size; and the effect was associated with the up-regulation of beta3-AR and UCP-2 expressions in the adipose tissue and improvement of insulin sensitivity.

哮喘治疗中β_(2)-AR激动药诱发受体脱敏的发生机制及预防进展

β_(2)-肾上腺素受体(β_(2)-AR)激动药作为治疗支气管哮喘(以下简称“哮喘”)的一线药物,在临床中广泛应用,然而长期使用可导致β_(2)-AR脱敏,降低其临床疗效,致使部分哮喘患者症状控制欠佳。β_(2)-AR激动药引起β_(2)-AR脱敏的机制主要包括慢速脱敏(与气道黏膜β_(2)-AR密度减小有关)和快速脱敏(与刺激性G蛋白脱偶联机制有关)。环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)-蛋白激酶A和cAMPcAMP激活的交换蛋白信号通路与β_(2)-AR脱敏过程关系密切。糖皮质激素、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ激动药、ASM-024、中药单药及成方等与β_(2)-AR激动药联合使用时能改善β_(2)-AR的敏感性,从而更好地控制哮喘症状。

β_(2)-肾上腺素能受体与神经丝在山羊脾中的分布和共定位研究

为探讨肾上腺素能神经与脾功能联系,用免疫组织化学SP法和免疫荧光双标记法观察β_(2)-肾上腺素能受体(β_(2)-AR)和羊脾神经丝(NFs)在山羊脾中的表达分布特点。结果显示,β_(2)-AR免疫反应阳性产物在山羊脾中分布广泛,白髓、红髓、中央动脉、被膜、小梁、边缘区均有不同程度的着色,白髓中免疫组化染色阳性相对表达量极显著高于红髓(P<0.01),极极显著高于边缘区和被膜(P<0.001);红髓中免疫组化染色阳性相对表达量极显著高于边缘区和被膜(P<0.01);NFs免疫反应阳性产物在山羊脾中红髓、被膜、小梁、小血管、白髓和边缘区均有不同程度的着色,红髓中免疫组化染色阳性相对表达量显著高于白髓(P<0.05),极显著高于边缘区(P<0.01);被膜中免疫组化染色阳性相对表达量极显著高于边缘区和白髓(P<0.01)。共定位研究表明β_(2)-AR和NFs在3个区域存在共定位关系,在平滑肌细胞构成的被膜和小梁中存在,在富含平滑肌细胞的小血管(如中央动脉)中存在,在T、B淋巴细胞丰富区域(如白髓、红髓和边缘区)存在。表明交感-肾上腺素能神经系统对机体免疫具有调控作用。β_(2)-AR和NFs共定位结构证明脾受到交感-肾上腺素能神经的调控,交感神经纤维通过释放神经递质-去甲肾上腺素,作用于脾上的肾上腺素能受体实现功能调控。

β_(2)肾上腺素受体在erastin诱导的前列腺细胞铁死亡和自噬中的作用及其机制

目的探讨β2肾上腺素受体(ADRB2)在铁死亡激活剂erastin(Era)诱导的前列腺癌细胞铁死亡、自噬中的作用及可能的分子机制。方法取慢病毒或对照感染的PC-3细胞,设置sh-NC组(正常培养)、sh-NC+Era组(10μmol/L Era处理24 h)、sh-ADRB2组(正常培养)与sh-ADRB2+Era组(10μmol/L Era处理24 h)。采用CCK-8法检测铁死亡激活剂Era和铁死亡抑制剂ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)处理后的细胞存活率,透射电镜观察细胞形态变化,丙二醛(MDA)检测试剂盒检测MDA含量,铁离子比色法检测铁离子含量。Western blotting检测胱氨酸谷氨酸转运体(XCT)、铁蛋白重链1(FTH1)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX4)、p62、LC3、c-Jun N-末端激酶(JNK)、c-Jun、p-c-Jun蛋白表达水平。注射ADRB2敲低的PC-3稳转株,构建裸鼠成瘤模型并用Era处理,分为sh-NC组、sh-NC+Era组、sh-ADRB2组与sh-ADRB2+Era组,每组4只。隔天记录瘤体体积及最终瘤体重量,并采用免疫组化检测ADRB2、JNK、c-Jun、p-c-Jun的表达情况。结果Era处理后PC-3细胞存活率下降(P<0.01),加用Fer-1处理后PC-3细胞存活率恢复(P<0.01)。透射电镜下可见,Era处理后PC-3细胞发生铁死亡和自噬形态学改变,MDA和铁离子含量增高(P<0.05或P<0.01);敲低ADRB2并用Era处理后PC-3细胞存活率进一步下降(P<0.05),MDA和铁离子含量进一步升高(P<0.01),FTH1、XCT、GPX4和LC3蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),p62蛋白和JNK通路相关基因JNK、c-Jun、p-c-Jun蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.01);JNK抑制剂处理后,FTH1、XCT和LC3表达水平升高,p62表达水平降低(P<0.01)。PC-3裸鼠模型中,sh-ADRB2+Era组瘤体体积明显小于sh-NC+Era组和sh-ADRB2组(P<0.05或P<0.01);免疫组化检测结果显示,与sh-NC组比较,sh-ADRB2组ADRB2蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05),JNK、c-Jun和p-c-Jun蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.01);与sh-NC+Era组比较,sh-ADRB2+Era组ADRB2蛋白表达水平降低,JNK、c-Jun和p-c-Jun蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05)。结论ADRB2可能通过JNK/c-Jun通路调控前列腺癌细胞中Era诱导的铁死亡和自噬。

社区获得性肺炎患者血清HBD-1、SAA、sIL-2R水平变化及指导病情分级的意义

目的检测社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者血清防御素-1(HBD-1)、淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、可溶性白细胞介素-2受体(sIL-2R)水平变化,并分析其对病情分级的指导意义。方法选取2021年7月至2023年8月在该院收治的85例CAP患者(CAP组),根据肺炎严重度指数(PSI)将其分为低风险组(34例)、中风险组(41例)和高风险组(10例),另取85例健康成人作为对照组。比较CAP组和对照组血清HBD-1、SAA和sIL-2R水平,比较PSI不同风险分组血清HBD-1、SAA和sIL-2R水平;采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析HBD-1、SAA、sIL-2R水平对CAP患者的诊断价值;采用Spearman相关性分析CAP患者PSI值和血清HBD-1、SAA、sIL-2R水平之间的关系。结果CAP患者血清HBD-1、SAA和sIL-2R水平均高于对照组,其中PSI评分不同分组血清HBD-1、SAA和sIL-2R水平由高到低为高风险组>中风险组>低风险组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清HBD-1[曲线下面积(AUC)=0.739]、SAA(AUC=0.773)、sIL-2R(AUC=0.730)水平对CAP患者具有良好的诊断价值(P<0.05)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,血清HBD-1水平[相关系数(r)=0.304]、SAA(r=0.498)和sIL-2R(r=0.435)水平与PSI评分呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论血清HBD-1、SAA、sIL-2R水平对CAP患者的病情分级具有较好的指导意义。

α_(1A)-肾上腺素能受体与增强型绿色荧光蛋白标记的活化T细胞核因子2稳定共表达细胞的构建

目的建立α_(1A)-肾上腺素能受体(α_(1A)-AR)与增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)标记的活化T细胞核因子2(NFAT2)稳定共表达细胞。方法①将pcDNA3.1-α_(1A)-AR-3×FLAG重组质粒转染至U2OS-EGFPNFAT2细胞,经潮霉素B(Hygro-B)200 mg·L^(-1)压力筛选后加入α_(1A)-AR激动剂去甲肾上腺素(NE,10μmol·L^(-1))孵育30 min,通过高内涵筛选系统检测细胞核内绿色荧光强度,验证EGFP-NFAT2核转位,筛选得到稳定表达α_(1A)-AR的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-α_(1A)-AR细胞。②采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)和Western印迹法检测该细胞和对照细胞U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2中α_(1A)-AR mRNA和蛋白的表达水平。③将U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-α_(1A)-AR细胞接种于96孔板,分别加入NE(10^(-8)~10^(-5) mol·L^(-1))或α2-AR激动剂右美托咪定(DMED,10^^(-8.8)~10^(-5) mol·L^(-1))孵育30 min,通过高内涵筛选系统检测EGFP-NFAT2核转位。④将U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-α_(1A)-AR细胞分为溶剂对照组、α1-AR拮抗剂萘派地尔(1μmol·L^(-1))组、NE(1μmol·L^(-1))组、萘派地尔+NE(各1μmol·L^(-1)共孵育)组、α2-AR拮抗剂阿替美唑(0.1μmol·L^(-1))组、DMED(0.1μmol·L^(-1))组、阿替美唑+DMED(各0.1μmol·L^(-1)共孵育)组和萘派地尔+DMED(萘派地尔1μmol·L^(-1)与DMED 0.1μmol·L^(-1)共孵育)组,药物孵育时间均为30 min,通过高内涵筛选系统检测EGFP-NFAT2核转位,验证该细胞α_(1A)-AR功能的特异性。结果①Hygro-B压力筛选得到58株U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-α_(1A)-AR细胞,NE 10μmol·L^(-1)孵育后,其中50号细胞核内绿色荧光强度最强,故选定其为稳定共表达α_(1A)-AR和EGFPNFAT2的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-α_(1A)-AR细胞。②Western印迹法结果显示,U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-α_(1A)-AR细胞可明显表达α_(1A)-AR蛋白,而对照细胞U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2中未见α_(1A)-AR蛋白表达。RT-qPCR结果显示,该细胞在传代5~20代内α_(1A)-AR mRNA均稳定表达,其表达水平为对照细胞的500~800倍。③NE或DMED使U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-α_(1A)-AR细胞中EGFP-NFAT2核转位明显增加,半数有效浓度(EC50)分别为5.94×10^(-7)和6.15×10^(-8) mol·L^(-1)。④与溶剂对照组和萘派地尔组比较,NE组U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-α_(1A)-AR细胞EGFP-NFAT2核转位明显增强(P<0.01),而萘派地尔+NE组EGFP-NFAT2核转位较NE组明显减弱(P<0.01)。与溶剂对照组和阿替美唑组比较,DMED组EGFP-NFAT2核转位明显增强(P<0.01),阿替美唑+DMED组EGFP-NFAT2核转位与DMED组比较无明显差别,而萘派地尔+DMED组EGFP-NFAT2核转位较DMED组明显减弱(P<0.01)。结论成功构建稳定共表达α_(1A)-AR和EGFP-NFAT2的U2OS-EGFPNFAT2-α_(1A)-AR细胞,可用于靶向α_(1A)-AR化合物筛选和受体分子机制研究。

Yohimbine protects against endotoxin-induced acute lung injury by blockade of alpha 2A adrenergic receptor in rats

Background Alpha 2A adrenergic receptor （AR） is a subtype of （]2 AR belonging to G protein-coupled receptors, and exerts a variety of biological effects. Recent studies have demonstrated that the a2A AR activation was closely related with inflammatory reaction. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of a2A AR antagonist, yohimbine, on the severity of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats.