Essential role of small bowel capsule endoscopy in reclassification of colonic inflammatory bowel disease type unclassified

AIM To evaluate the role of small bowel capsule endoscopy(SBCE) on the reclassification of colonic inflammatory bowel disease type unclassified(IBDU).METHODS We performed a multicenter, retrospective study including patients with IBDU undergoing SBCE, between 2002 and 2014. SBCE studies were reviewed and the inflammatory activity was evaluated by determining the Lewis score(LS). Inflammatory activity was considered significant and consistent with Crohn's disease(CD) when the LS ≥ 135. The definitive diagnosis during follow-up(minimum 12 mo following SBCE) was based on the combination of clinical, analytical, imaging, endoscopic and histological elements.RESULTS Thirty-six patients were included, 21 females(58%) with mean age at diagnosis of 33 ± 13(15-64) years. The mean follow-up time after the SBCE was 52 ± 41(12-156) mo. The SBCE revealed findings consistent with significant inflammatory activity in the small bowel(LS ≥ 135) in 9 patients(25%); in all of them the diagnosis of CD was confirmed during follow-up. In 27 patients(75%), the SBCE revealed no significant inflammatory activity(LS < 135); among these patients, the diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis(UC) was established in 16 cases(59.3%), CD in 1 case(3.7%) and 10 patients(37%) maintained a diagnosis of IBDU during follow-up. A LS ≥ 135 at SBCE had a sensitivity = 90%, specificity = 100%, positive predictive value = 100% and negative predictive value = 94% for the diagnosis of CD.CONCLUSION SBCE proved to be fundamental in the reclassification of patients with IBDU. Absence of significant inflammatory activity in the small intestine allowed exclusion of CD in 94% of cases.

On Reclassification of Verbs in Ditransitive Constructions(DC)

Although Chinese Ditransitive Construction(CDC) and English Ditransitive Construction(EDC) respectively belong to two completely different languages, there do exist many similarities between them. One of the similarities is the diversified classifications of the verbs that enter into them because different scholars, though under different theoretical frameworks, classified the DC verbs on the basis of the lexical meanings of the verbs, which is a boundless category. It is not difficult to find that all the constituents of DC and the construction as a whole interact with each other after the comparison of the similarities between CDC and EDC; the lexical meanings of the verbs that enter into DC do not exist in isolation but interact with the construction sense. Therefore, it may be the best choice to reclassify the DC verbs on the basis of the interaction between the lexical meaning of the verbs and the construction sense.

Characteristics of aggregated chondrules and reclassification of Boxian meteorites

CHONDRULES are the major constituent of chondrites, but the nature of their origin remains elusive. Models based on nebular settings have attracted much support since Wood suggested that they formed there ascondensates. Subsequently, the melting of dust in the nebula has been widely invoked. Recently,however, models suggesting that chondrules formed in parent body regoliths have been revived, couldhelp to explain the coexistence of chondrules with chemically differentiated clasts The Boxian meteorite is a fall and was originally described as L4. The widely quoted classification of the chondrite is LL4. In this study, 362 chondrules were separated from the Boxian meteorite,and were measured for their grain sizes, masses and morphologies. 101 of these chondrules were successfully split and parts of them made into polished blocks; the remaining segments were individually set asidefor future oxygen isotopic analyses. Mineralogical investigation of the 101 chondrules was performed

Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones in Sri Lanka Using Arial Photography,Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Majority of the population of Sri Lanka does not have modern pipe-born water system especially in rural areas.They depend entirely on deep hand pump tube wells and shallow dug wells for their domestic water requirements.Most of the shallow dug wells in the dry zone of Sri Lanka go dry during the dry period. So construction of tube wells increasing very rapidly in the dry zone of Sri Lanka.Groundwater potential zone maps are the most essential tool for locating tube wells.Arial photographs,Geographical Information Systems(GIS) data and satellite images have

Multi-category diagnostic accuracy based on logistic regression

We provide a detailed review for the statistical analysis of diagnostic accuracy in a multi-category classification task.For qualitative response variables with more than two categories,many traditional accuracy measures such as sensitivity,specificity and area under the ROC curve are no longer applicable.In recent literature,new diagnostic accuracy measures are introduced in medical research studies.In this paper,important statistical concepts for multi-category classification accuracy are reviewed and their utilities are demonstrated with real medical examples.We offer problem-based R code to illustrate how to perform these statistical computations step by step.We expect such analysis tools will become more familiar to practitioners and receive broader applications in biostatistics.Our program can be adapted to many classifiers among which logistic regression may be the most popular approach.We thus base our discussion and illustration completely on the logistic regression in this paper.