Residual fluoride self-activated effect enabling upgraded utilization of recycled graphite anode

Recycling graphite anode from spent lithium-ion batteries(SLIBs)is regarded as a crucial approach to promoting sustainable energy storage industry.However,the recycled graphite(RG)generally presents degraded structure and performance.Herein,the residual fluoride self-activated effect is proposed for the upgraded utilization of RG.Simple and low-energy water immersion treatment not only widens the interlayer spacing,but also retains appropriate fluoride on the surface of RG.Theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that the residual fluoride can optimize Li~+migration and deposition kinetics,resulting in better Li~+intercalation/deintercalation in the interlayer and more stable Li metal plating/stripping on the surface of RG,As a result,the designed LFP||RG full cells achieve ultrahigh reversibility(~100%Coulombic efficiency),high capacity retention(67%after 200 cycles,0.85 N/P ratio),and commendable adaptability(stable cycling without short-circuiting,0.15 N/P ratio).The energy density is improved from 334 Wh kg^(-1)of 1.1 N/P ratio to 367 Wh kg^(-1)of 0.85 N/P ratio(total mass based on cathode and anode).The exploration of RG by residual fluoride self-activated effect achieves upgraded utilization beyond fresh commercial graphite and highlights a new strategy for efficient reuse of SLIBs.

Optimization study of station track utilization in high-speed railroad based on constraints of control in random origin and process

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to eliminate the fluctuations in train arrival and departure times caused by skewed distributions in interval operation times.These fluctuations arise from random origin and process factors during interval operations and can accumulate over multiple intervals.The aim is to enhance the robustness of high-speed rail station arrival and departure track utilization schemes.Design/methodologylapproach-To achieve this objective,the paper simulates actual train operations,incorporating the fluctuations in interval operation times into the utilization of arrival and departure tracks at the station.The Monte Carlo simulation method is adopted to solve this problem.This approach transforms a nonlinear model,which includes constraints from probability distribution functions and is difficult to solve directly,into a linear programming model that is easier to handle.The method then linearly weights two objectives to optimize the solution.Findings-Through the application of Monte Carlo simulation,the study successfully converts the complex nonlinear model with probability distribution function constraints into a manageable linear programming model.By continuously adjusting the weighting coefficients of the linear objectives,the method is able to optimize the Pareto solution.Notably,this approach does not require extensive scene data to obtain a satisfactory Pareto solution set.Originality/value-The paper contributes to the field by introducing a novel method for optimizing high-speed rail station arrival and departure track utilization in the presence of fluctuations in interval operation times.The use of Monte Carlo simulation to transform the problem into a tractable linear programming model represents a significant advancement.Furthermore,the method's ability to produce satisfactory Pareto solutions without relying on extensive data sets adds to its practical value and applicability in real-world scenarios.

Industrial utilization of arsenic-containing gold dressing tailings as pellet prepared by straight grate process

The utilization of arsenic-containing gold dressing tailings is an urgent issue faced by gold production companies worldwide.The thermodynamic analysis results indicate that ferrous arsenate(FeAsO_(4)),pyrite(FeS_(2))and sodium cyanide(NaCN)in the arsenic-containing gold metallurgical tailings can be effectively removed using straight grate process,and the removal of pyrite and sodium cyanide is basically completed during the preheating stage,while the removal of ferrous arsenate requires the roasting stage.The pellets undergo a transformation from magnetite to hematite during the preheating process,and are solidified through micro-crystalline bonding and high-temperature recrystallization of hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3))during the roasting process.Ultimately,pellets with removal rates of 80.77% for arsenic,88.78% for sulfur,and 99.88% for cyanide are obtained,as well as the iron content is 61.1% and the compressive strength is 3071 N,meeting the requirements for blast furnace burden.This study provides an industrially feasible method for treating arsenic-containing gold smelting tailings,benefiting gold production enterprises.

Clinical Utilization of Nursing Process in Improving Patient’s Outcome and Its Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study among Nurses and Midwives Working at Njombe Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania

Background: Improvement of patient care in any hospital depends primarily on the quality of nursing care. Nursing care is enhanced by the nursing process, which outlines the nursing activities to be provided for a patient. Methods and Materials: A cross sectional design employing quantitative methods was conducted in Njombe RRH in December 2021. Quantitative data were collected from nurses and midwives from all wards by simple random sampling techniques using a sample-size calculator. SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyse data whereby a p-value of 0.05 was considered a decision mark for the significance of the result;Chi-square and Logistic regression respectively were used to find out the association and its strength between variables. Result: Majority of the respondents, 41 (85.4%), had inadequate knowledge and 33 (68.8%) found them people with a negative attitude to the nursing process. Significantly, there is an association between knowledge and clinical utilization (AOR 2.24;95% CI: 1.6 - 2.5;P 0.04), attitude and clinical utilization (AOR 4.32;95% CI: 1.8 - 3.7;P Conclusion: A knowledge gap in relation to the utilization of the nursing process and a negative attitude were noted to be associated significantly with the utilization of the nursing process among nurses and midwives. It is recommended on-job training, supportive supervision, and Value Clarification and Attitude Transformation (VCAT) are the best interventions to address the knowledge gap and negative attitudes respectively.

Low temperature mechanical property of AZ91D magnesium alloy fabricated by solid recycling process from recycled scraps

Low temperature mechanical properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy fabricated by solid recycling process from recycled scraps were studied. Various microstructural analyses were performed using optical microscopy （OM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The recycled specimens consist of fine grains due to dynamic recrystallization and the interfaces of original individual scraps are not identified. Tensile tests were performed at a strain rate of 5 x 10 3 s 1 at room temperature （27 ~C）, -70, -100 and 130 ~C, respectively. Ultimate tensile strength of the specimens increases slightly with decreasing the tensile temperature, and elongation to failure decreases with decreasing the tensile temperature. The tensile specimens at -130 ~C show the highest ultimate tensile strength of 360.65 MPa and the lowest elongation to failure of 5.46%. Impact tests were performed at room temperature （27 ~C）, -70 and -130 ~C, respectively. Impact toughness decreases with decreasing the impact temperature. The impact specimens at -130 ~C show the lowest impact toughness of 3.06 J/cm2.

Surface runoff processes and sustainable utilization of water resources in Manas River Basin, Xinjiang, China

Water is the important resource to guarantee the existence and development of oases in arid areas. To improve the utilization efficiency of water resources in Manas River Basin, this paper investigated the trends and periods of runoff based on the runoff and climate data for the past 50 years. Subsequently, with the socioeconomic and water resources data, we studied a comprehensive evaluation on the water security in this area. The results indicated that the stream flows in the three hydrological stations of Hongshanzui, Kensiwat and Bajiahu have sig- nificantly increased and undergone abrupt changes, with periods of 18 and 20 years. According to assessment, water security in the Manas River Basin was at an unsafe level in 2008. In criterion layer, the ecological security index and the index of supply-demand situation are both at the relatively secure level; the quantity index and so- cioeconomic index of water resources are at the unsafe level and basic security level, respectively. Therefore, in order to achieve sustainable economic and social development within the Manas River Basin, it is vital to take a series of effective measures to improve the status of water security.

Clean Processing and Utilization of Coal Energy

The dominant status of coal on the energy production and consumption structure of China will not be changed in the middle period of this century. To realize highly efficient utilization of coal,low pollution and low cost are great and impendent tasks. These difficult problems can be almost resolved through establishing large-scale pithead power stations using two-stage highly efficient dry coal-cleaning system before coal burning,which is a highly efficient,clean and economical strategy considering the current energy and environmental status of China. All these will be discussed in detail in this paper.

Preparation of 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene with recycled process of isomers

2,6-Diisopropylnaphthalene（2,6-DIPN）,as the precursor of important monomer 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid,was prepared by hydroisopropylation of refined naphthalene with propene over shape-selective catalyst.Naphthalene conversion of 92% and 2,6-DIPN selectivity of 64% were obtained.Static melt crystallization was applied to separate and purify 2,6-DIPN from its isomers,resulted in a product purity of≥99%.The other isomers were converted into monoisopropylnaphthalene,which also reacted with propene to form 2,6-DIPN.A recycled process including hydroisopropylation,separation and transalkylation was established,the yield of 2,6-DIPN based on naphthalene could be doubled by one cycle operation.

Purification and utilization of garlic processing wastewater in lotus pond wetlands

Based on the experiments of utilization of garlic processing wastewater in a lotus pond, this study demonstrates that lotus pond wetlands have a remarkable ability to remove organic pollutants and decrease chemical oxygen demand （CODCr）, biochemical oxygen demand （BOD5）, and suspended substances （SS） in garlic processing wastewater. Results also show evident effects of lotus roots on absorption of NH3-N. The pH value in a lotus pond with wastewater discharged was relatively stable. The water quality in the lotus pond reached the class Ⅱ emission standard, according to the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard （GB8978-1996）, seven days after pretreated garlic processing wastewater had been discharged into the lotus pond. Garlic processing wastewater irrigation does not produce pollution in the pond sediment and has no negative effect on the growth of lotus roots. Due to utilization of garlic processing wastewater, the output of lotus roots increased by 3.0% to 8.3%, and the quality of lotus roots was improved. Therefore, better purification and utilization results can be achieved.

A review on plasma-based CO_(2) utilization:process considerations in the development of sustainable chemical production

Plasma-based processes,particularly in carbon capture and utilization,hold great potential for addressing environmental challenges and advancing a circular carbon economy.While significant progress has been made in understanding plasma-induced reactions,plasma-catalyst interactions,and reactor development to enhance energy efficiency and conversion,there remains a notable gap in research concerning overall process development.This review emphasizes the critical need for considerations at the process level,including integration and intensification,to facilitate the industrialization of plasma technology for chemical production.Discussions centered on the development of plasma-based processes are made with a primary focus on CO_(2) conversion,offering insights to guide future work for the transition of the technology from laboratory scale to industrial applications.Identification of current research gaps,especially in upscaling and integrating plasma reactors with other process units,is the key to addressing critical issues.The review further delves into relevant research in process evaluation and assessment,providing methodological insights and highlighting key factors for comprehensive economic and sustainability analyses.Additionally,recent advancements in novel plasma systems are reviewed,presenting unique advantages and innovative concepts that could reshape the future of process development.This review provides essential information for navigating the path forward,ensuring a comprehensive understanding of challenges and opportunities in the development of plasma-based CCU process.

Recycle Demetallating Process for Hydrocarbonaceous Feedstocks

The development and research on the recycle demetallating process are introduced. It shows the recycle demetallating process is effective on removing metal elements in heavy crude oil, especially with regard to calcium, through commercial application in delayed coking unit. Finally, the ash content in petroleum coke can be decreased to less than 0.5%, which complies with the IB coke standard. At the same time, the recycle demetallating process is an environmentally friendly technique, which has little effect on production quality and equipment corrosion.

Whole process reclamation and utilization of wastes produced in the biological fermentation industry

Wastes yielded in the vintage process and the biological fermentation of itaconic acid and sodium gluconate of a winery in Shandong, such as grain stillage, melon lees, cornstarch protein residues, itacanic acid mother liquid, itaconic acid mycelium and sodium gluconate mycelium, were studied. High-activity biological protein feed, foliar fertilizer and irrigation fertilizer were generated from these wastes by applying biological/microbial technologies. Meanwhile, a whole set of technological pathways was put forward. As a result, the optimal economical and social benefits can be obtained with low natural resource consumption and environmental costs by converting wastes into useful matters. In conclusion, through the utilization of limited resources in the whole process of reclamation and utilization of wastes, the harmony promotion can be achieved between the economic system and the natural ecosystem.

Comprehensive utilization of corn starch processing by-products:A review

Corn is a high starchy cereal crop with the highest production and provides over 85%of the starch produced worldwide.Various by-products,differentiated by technological process features such as steep liquor,corn germ,corn bran,gluten,are created largely during corn starch processing.They are inexpensive,nutrient-rich,and vary widely in chemical composition such as proteins,oils,carbohydrates,and minerals.In an increasingly resource-constrained modern world,the utilization approach of these by-products for non-starch industrial processing is attractive widely considering both nutritive value and economic aspects.In fact,at present,applications of these by-products can often be found in feed,fermentation,nutrient extraction and other industries.For example,protein-rich corn gluten can be used as a good animal feed,and corn germ can be used as a raw material for the high-quality edible oil industry.Undoubtedly,increasing utilization means that these by-products will no longer be treated as waste but will be transformed into high value-added products.In this work,the separation process and chemical composition of several main by-products of the corn starch industry is briefly described,and the application in many industrial fields of these by-products over the last ten years are discussed in particular.This review attempts to summarize all aspects of the application and research of these by-products.For the by-products of the corn starch industry,the most promising way is to be utilized in high value and used to produce high value-added products.According to the characteristics of their chemical composition,they have a better application prospect and research significance in the industries directly related to human beings,such as medicine,green food and health care products.In fact,in recent years,some researchers have recognized this and carried out the research.It is clear fromthese studies that the main issues to be faced nowand in the future are how to produce efficiently while maintaining the quality of the product and using it effectively.The retrospective discussions also provide some ideas for other grain and oilseed crops to be fully utilized.

On the Processing and Utilization of Cassava Food in China

Cassava is a vital food crop in the world,and its tuberous roots and leaves have abundant starch,proteins and flavonoids. We can develop multi-functional,multi-purpose cassava food. In China,the food-based processing and utilization of cassava roots and leaves started late in China,but the development is very promising,and the market has great potential. In this paper,we analyze the utilization of cassava roots and leaves in China,and point out the development direction of cassava food processing and utilization in the future,in order to provide a reference for the research and development of cassava processing and utilization technology.

Guangdong Dapeng LNG cold energy utilization-C_2++ extraction process integration

This paper makes a study of some technical and engineering aspects by using C2 ＋ hydrocarbon separation facility at Guangdong Dapeng liquefied natural gas （GDLNG） terminal. In the C2＋ hydrocarbon extraction process, the cold energy contained in LNG will be utilized. In order to ensure the optimum operating conditions of the temlinal and C2 ＋ hydrocarbon extraction facility by optimizing the current operating processes of the terminal, the C2 ＋ hydrocarbon extraction facility construction plan is proposed. We conducted numerous calculations and simulations using such specific analysis software as PRO II 〈 version 7.0 〉. Additionally available flow data are used to verify the cyclic send-out rates from the terminal, thus establishing the current and future projected load factors. This study is intended to make sure that GDLNG can continue to supply gas via the pipeline system safely without interruptions and most significantly solves the effects of flow fluctuations at the terminal gasification send-out facility on the hydrocarbons extraction, ensuring optimum pipeline operations and ensuring safe and effective means for such C2＋ hydrocarbons extraction process as well. At the same time, the terminal is also in the optimum operation condition. This is very significant to the terminal safety operation and the energy conservation and emission reduction.

Study on Process Economics of Natural Resource Utilization

Finite supply of non-regenerative resources triggers a competition between economic entities or between areas, which requires the ways regarding their utilization with higher levels in science and the standards regarding their use with higher efficiency in economics. To solve a problem of process evaluation in science and of driving force in economics during a process design or a process run for natural resources utilization, a process evaluation parameter originated from natural gas hydrate preparation from a small scale to industrialization scale and the equation of the criterion dependent are introduced to evaluate a variety of processes of natural resources utilization. The analyses indicate that the parameter is relevant to internal undeveloped resources amount change with a stable mass composition in a virtual black box model and external variable market with an implication of process efficiency in economy or of process efficiency of resource utilization and that the parameter has similar features of the thermodynamic state functions. Moreover, the equation of the criterion provided is a difference between the value of the process evaluation parameter at the final state and the value of the process evaluation parameter at the initial state in an actual process, which can be used to determine the direction of development and to judge the size of the driving force in an actual process or an economical run. The provided examples and correlative mathematical description can guide how an identification for the undeveloped resources and a real-time adjustment of dynamic production for the developing resource are done and how decisions regarding resource exploitation, the venture forecasting of capital utilization and updating technology are made. The parameter used itself and the equation of the derived criterion can help by playing a predictive role for selecting the optimal use processes and for designing new process of the natural resource utilization or capital use, and by playing a practical role for adjusting factual production status and for improving the actual process of the utilization of resource or capital in an economic society. Finally, those closed resource systems having accumulation or depletion of the resources or a variable mass such as a decomposition system, a fission system and a biological reproduction system will become possible future research objectives under the guide of this work.

Development Prospects of Processing and Utilization of Longtan Pearl Plum

Longtan pearl plum, as a new dominant fruit industry in Guangxi, has developed rapidly in recent years and become one of the major economic sources of fruit growers in Guangxi. It has a positive effect on promoting economic development and helping farmers to get out of poverty in Guangxi. But there is almost nothing to do with the processing and utilization. Taking the route of processing and utilization is an inevitable trend of development of Longtan pearl plum industry with the increase of the planting area and yield year by year. In this paper, based on the analysis of edible value of Longtan pearl plum, the development direction of processing and utilization of Longtan pearl plum was expounded, and some suggestions on the problems existing in the processing and utilization were put forward to provide reference for the processing and utilization of Longtan pearl plum.

Deep structure of the Southeast Asian curved subduction system and its dynamic process

The deep structure,material circulation,and dynamic processes in the Southeast Asia have long been an elusive scientific puzzle due to the lack of systematic scientific observations and recognized theoretical models.Based on the deep seismic tomography using long-period natural earthquake data,in this study,the deep structure and material circulation of the curved subduction system in Southeast Asia was studied,and the dynamic processes since 100 million years ago was reconstructed.It is pointed out that challenges still exist in the precise reconstruction of deep mantle structures of the study area,the influence of multi-stage subduction on deep material exchange and shallow magma activity,as well as the spatiotemporal evolution and coupling mechanism of multi-plate convergence.Future work should focus on high-resolution land-sea joint 3-D seismic tomography imaging of the curved subduction system in the Southeast Asia,combined with geochemical analysis and geodynamic modelling works.

OPTIMIZATIONOFTHECONTINUOUSAFFINITY－RECYCLEEXTRACTIONPROCESS

Single step and multi step CARE processes are optimized by computer simulations based on the mathematical model proposed previously. The product of purification factor and recovery yield is used as the objective function for optimizing a single step process. The objective function for the optimization of a multi step process is considered to obtain an anticipated product purity at a maximum recovery yield and a minimum number of CARE inividuals. Pairs of the operating conditions (eluant and affinity recycle flow rates) exist to give the maximums of above objective functions when membrane rejections to ligates and contaminants are equal in value. The optimum affinity recycle flow rate decreases with the increase of membrane rejections and equilibrium binding fractions of ligates. For a multi step process, when contaminants are rejected less than ligate, only one pair of the optimum eluant and affinity recycle flow rates exists.

Industrial Recycling Process of Batteries for EVs

The growing number of decarbonization standards in the transportation sector has resulted in an increase in demand for electric cars.Renewable energy sources have the ability to bring the fossil fuel age to an end.Electrochemical storage devices,particularly lithium-ion batteries,are critical for this transition’s success.This is owing to a combination of favorable characteristics such as high energy density and minimal self-discharge.Given the environmental degradation caused by hazardous wastes and the scarcity of some resources,recycling used lithium-ion batteries has significant economic and practical importance.Many efforts have been undertaken in recent years to recover cathode materials(such as high-value metals like cobalt,nickel,and lithium).Regrettably,the regeneration of lower-value-added anode materials(mostly graphite)has received little attention.However,given the widespread use of carbon-based materials and the higher concentration of lithium in the anode than in the environment,anode recycling has gotten a lot of attention.As a result,this article provides the most recent research progress in the recovery of graphite anode materials from spent lithium ion batteries,analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of various recovery routes such as direct physical recovery,heat treatment recovery,hydrometallurgy recovery,heat treatment-hydrometallurgy recovery,extraction,and electrochemical methods from the perspectives of energy,environment,and economy;additionally,the reuse of recycled anode mats is discussed.Finally,the problems and future possibilities of anode recycling are discussed.To enable the green recycling of wasted lithium ion batteries,a low energy-consuming and ecologically friendly solution should be investigated.