Nanostructured pure-Ti O_2 and Cu3%-Ti O_2 were successfully synthesized via co-precipitation method. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) result proves that the synthesized sample were predominantly in anatase phase with size ...Nanostructured pure-Ti O_2 and Cu3%-Ti O_2 were successfully synthesized via co-precipitation method. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) result proves that the synthesized sample were predominantly in anatase phase with size in the range of 8～16 nm, which are in good agreement with the transmission electron microscopy data. Owing to doping of copper, not only did the thermal stability of the Ti O_2 decrease, but also a significant decrease in its particle size and a shift of the adsorption edge to a higher wavelength region appear. The activity of both pure-Ti O_2 and Cu3%-doped Ti O_2 was tested to study their ability to decolorize congo red(CR) dye in aqueous solution. We observed that the CR dye was decolorized faster by Cu3%-Ti O_2 than pure-Ti O_2. Results of this study demonstrate a potential application of the synthesized sample for decolorizing dye pollutants from aqueous waste.展开更多
The phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） composition was analyzed in two red soils experimentally contaminated with copper at different concentrations. The total amounts ofphospholipid fatty acids （PLFAs） in both red so...The phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） composition was analyzed in two red soils experimentally contaminated with copper at different concentrations. The total amounts ofphospholipid fatty acids （PLFAs） in both red soils were significantly correlated with soil microbial biomass C and N, which decreased consistently with increasing levels of copper. The relative quantities of the PLFAs 17：0 （10 Me）, i16：0, il 5：0 and 16：1w5c, decreased with increasing heavy metal concentration, while those of cyl7：0, which is an indicator of gram-negative bacteria, increased. The Shannon index calculated from the PLFA data indicated that Cu addition in the red soils decreased the population diversity of soil microbial communities. Multivariate analysis of PLFA data demonstrated that high levels of Cu application had a significant impact on microbial community structure and there is a threshold metal concentration for PLFA composition. Comparatively higher toxic effect on microbial biomass and community structure were found in the red sandy soil than those in the red clayey soil. The differential effect of Cu addition on microbial communities in the two soils may be due to differences in soil texture and cation exchange capacity.展开更多
A shard of Chinese underglaze copper-red porcelain from the Yuan dynasty (AD 1271–1368) made in the Jingdezhen kiln was measured by synchrotron radiation- induced X-ray fluorescence mapping and X-ray absorption near-...A shard of Chinese underglaze copper-red porcelain from the Yuan dynasty (AD 1271–1368) made in the Jingdezhen kiln was measured by synchrotron radiation- induced X-ray fluorescence mapping and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy to investigate the influence of copper element distribution and speciation on the color of porcelain. In black-colored region, copper accumulates at the interface between the body and glaze layers with metallic copper particles as the main speciation. In contrast, Cu is irregularly distributed in the red-colored region with multi-valence speciation. The differences in Cu distribution and speciation in black- and red-colored regions indicate that they are the main factors influencing the different colors of copper-red underglaze porcelain.展开更多
The bioleaching of copper sulphide minerals was investigated by using A. ferrooxidans ATF6. The result shows the preferential order of the minerals bioleaching as djurleite〉bomite〉pyritic chalcopyrite〉covellite〉po...The bioleaching of copper sulphide minerals was investigated by using A. ferrooxidans ATF6. The result shows the preferential order of the minerals bioleaching as djurleite〉bomite〉pyritic chalcopyrite〉covellite〉porphyry chalcopyfite. The residues were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. It is indicated that jarosite may not be responsible for hindered disso- lution. The elemental sulfur layer on the surface of pyritic chalcopyrite residues is cracked. The compact surface layer of porphyry chalcopy- rite may strongly hinder copper extraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） further confirms that the passivation layers of covellite, pyritic chalcopyrite, and porphyry chalcopyrite are copper-depleted sulphide Cu4S11, S8, and copper-rich iron-deficient polysulphide CtuFe2S9, resoectivelv. The ability of these oassivation layers was found as Cu4Fe2S9〉Cu4S11〉S8〉iarosite.展开更多
Effects of nickel component,thiourea,glue and chloride ions and their interactions on the passivation of copper–nickel based alloy scrap anodes were investigated by combining conventional electrochemical techniques.R...Effects of nickel component,thiourea,glue and chloride ions and their interactions on the passivation of copper–nickel based alloy scrap anodes were investigated by combining conventional electrochemical techniques.Results obtained from chronopotentiometry and linear voltammetry curves showed that the Ni component made electrochemical stability of the anode strong and difficult to be corroded,caused by the adsorption of generated Cu2O,NiO or copper powder to the anode surface.The Ni2+reducing Cu2+to Cu+or copper powder aggravated the anode passivation.In a certain range of the glue concentration≤8×10–6 or thiourea concentration≤4×10–6,the increase of glue or thiourea concentration increases the anode passivation time.Over this range,glue and thiourea played an adverse effect.The increase of chloride ions concentration led to the increase in passivation time.展开更多
Copper corrosion inhibition by Emilia sonchifolia (ES) leaf extract has been studied in 2 M hydrochloric acid solution using electrochemical measurement, energy dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy and surface exami...Copper corrosion inhibition by Emilia sonchifolia (ES) leaf extract has been studied in 2 M hydrochloric acid solution using electrochemical measurement, energy dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy and surface examination techniques. Computational simulations were adopted to describe probable reactiveness of individual ES leaf constituents and mechanism of interaction with copper crystal. Results obtained from potentiodynamic polarization revealed a shift in corrosion potentials of copper (CU131729) to more positive potentials in the presence of ES leaf extract with increased effect as inhibitor concentration increased and also a decrease in both current densities suggesting a mixed type inhibitor characteristics with pronounced anodic protection. Surface elemental characterization revealed presence of the inhibitor species in the corrosion products formed on corroded CU131729 surface confirming the formation of complex chelating ligands through interactions with the metal surface. Quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to theoretically analyse the interactions of individual ES leaf constituent with copper surface at the molecular level and obtained results revealed strong and spontaneous adsorption with high binding energies which affirms observed quality inhibition action. Quantum chemical descriptors such as energy of HOMO and LUMO, energy gap, number of transferred electrons, global hardness and softness, electrophilicity, and interaction energy were computed and discussed.展开更多
Knowing Moho discontinuity undulation is fundamental to understanding mechanisms of lithosphereasthenosphere interaction, extensional tectonism and crustal deformation in volcanic passive margins such as the study are...Knowing Moho discontinuity undulation is fundamental to understanding mechanisms of lithosphereasthenosphere interaction, extensional tectonism and crustal deformation in volcanic passive margins such as the study area, which is located in the southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula bounded by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. In this work, a 3D Moho depth model of the study area is constructed for the first time by inverting gravity data from the Earth Gravitational Model(EGM2008) using the ParkerOldenburg algorithm. This model indicates the shallow zone is situated at depths of 20 km to 24 km beneath coastal plains, whereas the deep zone is located below the plateau at depths of 30 km to 35 km and its deepest part coincides mainly with the Dhamar-Rada ’a Quaternary volcanic field. The results also indicate two channels of hot magmatic materials joining both the Sana’a-Amran Quaternary volcanic field and the Late Miocene Jabal An Nar volcanic area with the Dhamar-Rada’a volcanic field. This conclusion is supported by the widespread geothermal activity(of mantle origin) distributed along these channels,isotopic data, and the upper mantle low velocity zones indicated by earlier studies.展开更多
The effect of Al, Zn, Sn, Mn, Si and Ni on the color characteristics of binary copper-base alloys has been researched systematically and quantitatively. The results show that all alloying elements decrease the red con...The effect of Al, Zn, Sn, Mn, Si and Ni on the color characteristics of binary copper-base alloys has been researched systematically and quantitatively. The results show that all alloying elements decrease the red content of an alloy at different levels but have different effects on the yellow color. Al and Zn enhance the yellow content of an alloy, whereas Sn, Mn, Si and Ni decrease the yellow content. When the alloys with different karat gold colors are imitated, Al and Zn are the most important color mixing elements and Sn, Mn, Si and Ni can be used as auxiliary.展开更多
文摘Nanostructured pure-Ti O_2 and Cu3%-Ti O_2 were successfully synthesized via co-precipitation method. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) result proves that the synthesized sample were predominantly in anatase phase with size in the range of 8～16 nm, which are in good agreement with the transmission electron microscopy data. Owing to doping of copper, not only did the thermal stability of the Ti O_2 decrease, but also a significant decrease in its particle size and a shift of the adsorption edge to a higher wavelength region appear. The activity of both pure-Ti O_2 and Cu3%-doped Ti O_2 was tested to study their ability to decolorize congo red(CR) dye in aqueous solution. We observed that the CR dye was decolorized faster by Cu3%-Ti O_2 than pure-Ti O_2. Results of this study demonstrate a potential application of the synthesized sample for decolorizing dye pollutants from aqueous waste.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30200164 40371063) and the Foundation for the Retuned Scholars ofZhejiang Province
文摘The phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） composition was analyzed in two red soils experimentally contaminated with copper at different concentrations. The total amounts ofphospholipid fatty acids （PLFAs） in both red soils were significantly correlated with soil microbial biomass C and N, which decreased consistently with increasing levels of copper. The relative quantities of the PLFAs 17：0 （10 Me）, i16：0, il 5：0 and 16：1w5c, decreased with increasing heavy metal concentration, while those of cyl7：0, which is an indicator of gram-negative bacteria, increased. The Shannon index calculated from the PLFA data indicated that Cu addition in the red soils decreased the population diversity of soil microbial communities. Multivariate analysis of PLFA data demonstrated that high levels of Cu application had a significant impact on microbial community structure and there is a threshold metal concentration for PLFA composition. Comparatively higher toxic effect on microbial biomass and community structure were found in the red sandy soil than those in the red clayey soil. The differential effect of Cu addition on microbial communities in the two soils may be due to differences in soil texture and cation exchange capacity.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51762027 and 11875312)Jiangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Ceramic Relics Conservation and Imperial Kiln Research
文摘A shard of Chinese underglaze copper-red porcelain from the Yuan dynasty (AD 1271–1368) made in the Jingdezhen kiln was measured by synchrotron radiation- induced X-ray fluorescence mapping and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy to investigate the influence of copper element distribution and speciation on the color of porcelain. In black-colored region, copper accumulates at the interface between the body and glaze layers with metallic copper particles as the main speciation. In contrast, Cu is irregularly distributed in the red-colored region with multi-valence speciation. The differences in Cu distribution and speciation in black- and red-colored regions indicate that they are the main factors influencing the different colors of copper-red underglaze porcelain.
文摘The bioleaching of copper sulphide minerals was investigated by using A. ferrooxidans ATF6. The result shows the preferential order of the minerals bioleaching as djurleite〉bomite〉pyritic chalcopyrite〉covellite〉porphyry chalcopyfite. The residues were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. It is indicated that jarosite may not be responsible for hindered disso- lution. The elemental sulfur layer on the surface of pyritic chalcopyrite residues is cracked. The compact surface layer of porphyry chalcopy- rite may strongly hinder copper extraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） further confirms that the passivation layers of covellite, pyritic chalcopyrite, and porphyry chalcopyrite are copper-depleted sulphide Cu4S11, S8, and copper-rich iron-deficient polysulphide CtuFe2S9, resoectivelv. The ability of these oassivation layers was found as Cu4Fe2S9〉Cu4S11〉S8〉iarosite.
基金Project(51574135)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(KKPT201563022)supported by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Kunming University of Science and Technology,China
文摘Effects of nickel component,thiourea,glue and chloride ions and their interactions on the passivation of copper–nickel based alloy scrap anodes were investigated by combining conventional electrochemical techniques.Results obtained from chronopotentiometry and linear voltammetry curves showed that the Ni component made electrochemical stability of the anode strong and difficult to be corroded,caused by the adsorption of generated Cu2O,NiO or copper powder to the anode surface.The Ni2+reducing Cu2+to Cu+or copper powder aggravated the anode passivation.In a certain range of the glue concentration≤8×10–6 or thiourea concentration≤4×10–6,the increase of glue or thiourea concentration increases the anode passivation time.Over this range,glue and thiourea played an adverse effect.The increase of chloride ions concentration led to the increase in passivation time.
文摘Copper corrosion inhibition by Emilia sonchifolia (ES) leaf extract has been studied in 2 M hydrochloric acid solution using electrochemical measurement, energy dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy and surface examination techniques. Computational simulations were adopted to describe probable reactiveness of individual ES leaf constituents and mechanism of interaction with copper crystal. Results obtained from potentiodynamic polarization revealed a shift in corrosion potentials of copper (CU131729) to more positive potentials in the presence of ES leaf extract with increased effect as inhibitor concentration increased and also a decrease in both current densities suggesting a mixed type inhibitor characteristics with pronounced anodic protection. Surface elemental characterization revealed presence of the inhibitor species in the corrosion products formed on corroded CU131729 surface confirming the formation of complex chelating ligands through interactions with the metal surface. Quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to theoretically analyse the interactions of individual ES leaf constituent with copper surface at the molecular level and obtained results revealed strong and spontaneous adsorption with high binding energies which affirms observed quality inhibition action. Quantum chemical descriptors such as energy of HOMO and LUMO, energy gap, number of transferred electrons, global hardness and softness, electrophilicity, and interaction energy were computed and discussed.
文摘Knowing Moho discontinuity undulation is fundamental to understanding mechanisms of lithosphereasthenosphere interaction, extensional tectonism and crustal deformation in volcanic passive margins such as the study area, which is located in the southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula bounded by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. In this work, a 3D Moho depth model of the study area is constructed for the first time by inverting gravity data from the Earth Gravitational Model(EGM2008) using the ParkerOldenburg algorithm. This model indicates the shallow zone is situated at depths of 20 km to 24 km beneath coastal plains, whereas the deep zone is located below the plateau at depths of 30 km to 35 km and its deepest part coincides mainly with the Dhamar-Rada ’a Quaternary volcanic field. The results also indicate two channels of hot magmatic materials joining both the Sana’a-Amran Quaternary volcanic field and the Late Miocene Jabal An Nar volcanic area with the Dhamar-Rada’a volcanic field. This conclusion is supported by the widespread geothermal activity(of mantle origin) distributed along these channels,isotopic data, and the upper mantle low velocity zones indicated by earlier studies.
基金Financially supported by China National Gold Management Bureau for basic theory research
文摘The effect of Al, Zn, Sn, Mn, Si and Ni on the color characteristics of binary copper-base alloys has been researched systematically and quantitatively. The results show that all alloying elements decrease the red content of an alloy at different levels but have different effects on the yellow color. Al and Zn enhance the yellow content of an alloy, whereas Sn, Mn, Si and Ni decrease the yellow content. When the alloys with different karat gold colors are imitated, Al and Zn are the most important color mixing elements and Sn, Mn, Si and Ni can be used as auxiliary.
