Study on the Environmental Impact of Oil and Gas Field Development on the Ecological Red Line Area

To cooperate with the five ministries and commissions of the state to carry out joint investigation on the environmentally sensitive areas involved in oil and gas exploration and development,for the problems found in survey,containing complex type and numerous amount of ecologically sensitive space and ecological red line involved in oil and gas field enterprises,scientific nature of delimitation,lack of strong support of laws and regulations for forced withdrawal of oil and gas production facilities in these areas,some countermeasures and suggestions were proposed,such as further evaluating and combing scope and functional zoning of existing environmentally sensitive areas and ecological red lines,treating differently,enhancing pertinence of prohibition in ecologically sensitive regions,declining blindness of the withdrawal of oil and gas facilities in environmentally sensitive areas,strengthening seriousness of approval of exploration and mining rights of oil and gas resources,and establishing strategic reserve exploration and hierarchical development mechanism. Moreover,oil and gas field enterprises should integrate more efforts to ① accelerate to find out the current situation of environmental quality,② adhere to developing in protection,and protecting in development,③ increase attention and participation strengthen of providing technical support for national oil and gas exploration and development strategy evaluation,④ accelerate communication and docking with local governments on the ecological red line,⑤ actively strive to be included in the positive list management of local governments,⑥ accelerate to establish and perfect primary database of oil and gas production and facilities construction,and ⑦ document management information system of the ecological red line.

Game Analysis and Mechanism Design of Ecological Protection Red Line for Ecologically Vulnerable Areas in Western China

Drawing the ecological protection red line is to maintain the integrity and benign operation of the ecosystem within the area,and to ensure that the ecological environment is within the boundary of controllable ecological security.Taking the ecologically vulnerable areas in western China as the research object and using the game theory and literature analysis,this paper studied the game behavior of ecological protection red line in these areas.In addition,this paper also analyzed the stakeholders such as government,enterprises and the masses in the drawing of the ecological protection red line,and comprehensively analyzed the game strategies between the government and the masses,the government and enterprises,and the central and local governments and enterprises.On the basis of the analysis,it came up with a safeguard mechanism for the coordination of the interests of the ecological protection red line.

Study on the Delineation of Ecological Protection Red Line in Ecological Fragile Region of the West

Ecological protection red line is one of the main contents in system construction of ecological civilization in China, and also reflects the trend and the will of the national eco-environment protection system reform. In this paper, taking ecological fragile area of the west as the research object, and using literature analysis, comparative analysis and other methods, the characteristics in ecological fragile area of the west are compre-hensively elaborated, and the relationship between ecological vulnerability and ecological protection red line is clarified, and the delineation theory and methods of ecological protection red line are analyzed, such as ecological suitability analysis, regional ecological security pattern and DPSIR model. Finally, key issues of ecological protection red line delineation in ecological fragile zone of the west are proposed.

Analysis on the Relationship between Ecological Protection Red Line and Red Lines of Other Elements

Ecological protection red line is the minimum spatial area and territorial boundary line to be protected to realize the unification of economic,social and ecological benefits by increasing the national and regional ecological capital stock,maintaining ecological security,improving people's livelihood,promoting the sustainable development of economy and society,and upgrading the function of natural ecosystem.There are connections and differences between ecological protection red line and the red lines of cultivated land,forestry ecology,water resources control and marine ecology.Essentially speaking,they are all to maintain national ecological security and social stability,and create a good living environment for the people.

基于Node-red的云端智能生产线控制系统设计与实现

针对传统生产线在刚性生产过程中面临的成本过高、远程实施难、兼容性低等关键问题,基于目前中小企业的技术基础相对薄弱,无法将云计算平台、数据存储和处理等设备及技术运用到实际生产中的现状,本文利用西门子S7-1200 PLC作为核心控制器,基于Node-red平台设计了成本低、兼容性高的云端智能生产线监控系统,便于实现对于生产线的监视和控制,提高生产效率与产品质量。现场运行表明,该系统运行稳定,满足智能生产线的设计要求,同时具备部署成本低、兼容性高的突出优势。

Quantitative characterization and comprehensive evaluation of regional water resources using the Three Red Lines method

Based on the synergetic development of new industrialization, rapid urbanization and agricultural modernization(IUAM), and from the viewpoint of interactive relationships between water resources and regional population, eco-environment, economy and society, the concepts of water resources intensity(WRI), water environment intensity(WEI), water resources relative efficiency(WRRE) and water environment relative efficiency(WERE) are defined with reference to energy intensity, resources efficiency and environment efficiency theory. On the basis of benchmarking theory, the quantitative characterization and evaluation method of "Three Red Lines"(the upper limit of water resources allocation, the baseline of utilization efficiency of water resources and the upper limit of sewage discharge) is proposed. According to these concepts and models, an empirical analysis of the Three Red Lines of water resources on the Chinese mainland between 2003 and 2012 was carried out. The results showed that total water consumption in eastern, central and western parts of China possesses "club convergence" characteristics, which means these areas have similar internal conditions appeared convergence in the development. Inter-provincial differences in water consumption continue to decrease, but the north–south differentiation characteristics in the eastern and central regions were still relatively obvious, while provincial differences in the eastern part were at a minimum and the central region had the largest. Water Resources Efficiency(WRE) of all four sectors in the Southwest rivers and Huaihe River basins were generally high. Industrial WRRE in the Songhua River, Yangtze River and Pearl River basins, agricultural WRRE in the Songhua River, Yellow River and northwestern river basins and domestic WRRE in the Liaohe River, Yangtze River and Pearl River basins were all low. Eco-environmental WRRE in the southeastern rivers and Yangtze River basins were low but showed an upward trend. Other river basins, except for the Northwestern rivers basin, had high eco-environmental WRRE with a downward trend. Western China, especially the northwestern part,had a low relative intensity of the water environment(WERI) and high integrated water environment management(IWEM) performance, but the relative intensities of the water resources(WRRI) were fairly high, and the comprehensive performance of integrated water resources management(IWRM) in these regions was low. In southern China, especially the southeastern part, the IWEM was fairly high, but the overall IWRM was lower.

A Workable Solution for Reducing the Large Number of Vehicle and Pedestrian Accidents Occurring on a Yellow Light

Traffic intersections are incredibly dangerous for drivers and pedestrians. Statistics from both Canada and the U.S. show a high number of fatalities and serious injuries related to crashes at intersections. In Canada, during 2019, the National Collision Database shows that 28% of traffic fatalities and 42% of serious injuries occurred at intersections. Likewise, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Administration (NHTSA) found that about 40% of the estimated 5,811,000 accidents in the U.S. during the year studied were intersection-related crashes. In fact, a major survey by the car insurance industry found that nearly 85% of drivers could not identify the correct action to take when approaching a yellow traffic light at an intersection. One major reason for these accidents is the “yellow light dilemma,” the ambiguous situation where a driver should stop or proceed forward when unexpectedly faced with a yellow light. This situation is even further exacerbated by the tendency of aggressive drivers to inappropriately speed up on the yellow just to get through the traffic light. A survey of Canadian drivers conducted by the Traffic Injury Research Foundation found that 9% of drivers admitted to speeding up to get through a traffic light. Another reason for these accidents is the increased danger of making a left-hand turn on yellow. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Association (NHTSA), left turns occur in approximately 22.2% of collisions—as opposed to just 1.2% for right turns. Moreover, a study by CNN found left turns are three times as likely to kill pedestrians than right turns. The reason left turns are so much more likely to cause an accident is because they take a driver against traffic and in the path of oncoming cars. Additionally, most of these left turns occur at the driver’s discretion—as opposed to the distressingly brief left-hand arrow at busy intersections. Drive Safe Now proposes a workable solution for reducing the number of accidents occurring during a yellow light at intersections. We believe this fairly simple solution will save lives, prevent injuries, reduce damage to public and private property, and decrease insurance costs.

Node-RED用于简化调整传送系统运行逻辑

生产线运行逻辑更改时通常需要对其PLC程序进行调整,该任务一般需受过培训的工程师使用专业的工程电脑来完成。面对专业技术人员培养周期较长的现状,如何简化生产线运行逻辑调整难度,降低现场自动化编程的学习成本成为当务之急。对Node-RED这一面向对象的编程工具在某药瓶传送系统运行逻辑调整时进行应用,使操作者通过较低的学习成本即可完成对该传送系统运行逻辑的调整,可以极大提高现场工作的效率。

新时代“红色交通线”价值可视化设计研究

目的基于交通文化资源传播的多样性、泛在性、共享性与有效性需求,将红色交通线在特定历史时期及当代的价值引领作用以资源可视化的方式呈现,促进对交通文化的传承和发扬。方法以“可视化文化符号+产品载体”的形式,借助数字化技术实现数据可视化及文化资源物化衍生,以揭示红色交通文化的发展脉络和新时代交通的变迁。涵盖了文化重构、品牌构建、可视化表达、产品设计、周边开发及营销管理等方面,以及系统化的交通文化产品研发途径。结果通过红色交通文化视觉性创意设计实践研究,探寻有效的文化重塑设计方法,以物化手段助力文化推广,实现对红色交通文化当代传承、价值传播的补充。结论以数字化手段提高抽象文化精神在社会普及过程中的接受度。有利于弘扬爱国主义传统、构建集体记忆,对深入研究和探讨红色交通文化,使其在当代得以活化、物化地发扬,以及增强文化自信都具有重要的理论和实践意义。

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的液体火箭发动机故障诊断

针对火箭发动机故障数据难以获取的问题,设计了一种基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)的液体火箭发动机故障诊断算法。采用MATLAB/Simulink平台搭建了液体火箭发动机故障仿真模型,实现发动机正常运行仿真和预燃室氧阀门故障、氧主泵汽蚀、氢主涡轮叶片脱落3种故障仿真。将正常运行仿真值与设计值、试车值进行了对比。结果表明:模型参数与设计值最大误差不超过5%,仿真精度较高;仿真参数变化趋势与试车值基本一致,且稳态值误差较小。使用UKF算法求取发动机正常运行阈值范围,并对故障序列进行滤波处理,若故障数据连续3次超出阈值区间,且在0.1 s内有至少2个涡轮泵发出报警,则判定故障发生,故障发生时间为第2个涡轮泵报警时间。使用设计算法对3种故障序列进行诊断,判定故障发生时间分别为20.08 s、20.05 s、20.18 s。相比于传统红线阈值算法,文中所设计算法响应更为及时,且误报率较低。

大范围生态保护红线定标布局方法

生态保护红线勘界定标是生态保护红线划定落实之后的又一项重要工作,是常态化监管的基础和前提。当前,生态保护红线勘界定标处于摸索试点阶段,国家层面缺乏具体指导细则,省市作为生态保护红线勘界定标工作的责任主体,只能结合实地因地制宜开展,缺乏系统性、标准性。定标布局是勘界定标的关键环节,主要解决生态保护红线区域内界桩和标识牌的数量确定、拟埋设位置选择等问题。本文提出一种大范围生态保护红线定标布局方法,先将生态保护红线区域按一定尺度划分为格网单元,筛选出涉及生态保护红线边界的格网单元,再引入行政区域、人口数量、道路交通、地形类别等特征因子构建度量模型,进一步开展度量特征计算,根据特征阈值最终选定格网单元,并以最终选定的格网单元作为定标布局方案,指导界桩和标识牌数量设定及埋设点位选址。以重庆市为例开展大范围生态保护红线定标布局应用,为重庆全市域生态保护红线勘界定标工作提供了第一手资料,同时,验证了本文方法在指导省市实施生态保护红线定标布局的科学性和实用性。

生态补偿何以促进生态保护红线区农户共同富裕?

在生态保护红线区与经济发展滞后地区高度重合的情境下,如何更好地发挥生态补偿在“绿水青山”转化为“金山银山”中的积极作用,是促进区域协调发展、逐步实现共同富裕的关键,也是破解生态保护红线区保护与发展之间矛盾的现实需要。该研究基于山东省生态保护红线区的1762份实地调研数据,从物质-精神-环境的三重视角出发,在综合测度生态保护红线区农户共同富裕水平基础上,运用普通最小二乘法和四段式中介效应模型,揭示了生态补偿对当地农户共同富裕实现的促进效应、作用渠道及异质性影响。研究结果显示:①生态补偿能够有效促进生态保护红线区农户共同富裕,在使用工具变量、控制政府执行力指数、数据缩尾处理以重新核算被解释变量后,结果依然稳健。②分维度来看,虽然输血型生态补偿和造血型生态补偿均能够发挥多维富民效应,但无论在物质富裕维度、精神富裕维度还是环境富裕维度,造血型生态补偿的促进效应均优于输血型生态补偿。③作用渠道分析表明,生态补偿主要通过提升农户非农就业率、增强农户内生动力和提高其政府信任度等途径来促进生态保护红线区农户共同富裕。④异质性检验发现,生态补偿对生态保护红线区农户共同富裕的促进效应在经济发展程度较低地区更为凸显,且主要促进老一代农户群体的共同富裕水平。基于上述研究结论,为提升生态补偿的富民效应,当地政府应致力于实现生态补偿全覆盖,制定差异化补偿标准;拓展生态补偿方式种类,增加造血型补偿供给水平;关注农户和地区异质性特征,适度提高生态补偿瞄准性。

基于土地利用模拟的生态保护红线划定方法研究——以广州市为例

针对生态保护红线划定精度低、无法量化等问题,提出来一种基于MCR-PLUS模型的生态保护红线划定方法。该方法基于研究区内生态系统服务价值的演变规律构建生态安全格局,利用生态安全格局进行生态保护红线的初步划定。通过对研究区未来土地利用模拟预测结果,识别研究区生态保护红线易被侵蚀的风险区域,对初步划定的生态保护红线进行优化调整,最终得到研究区生态保护红线的最终划定范围。结果表明,基于MCR-PLUS模型的生态保护红线划定方法可以用量化的指标划定研究区生态保护红线范围,划定的生态保护红线具有较高的精度。

基于单调链的Red/Blue扫描线求交算法

提出了一种基于单调链的Red/Blue平面扫描线算法。该算法针对GIS中线段之间具有连接关系的特性,将平面连接线段集分解为一组单调链,通过对单调链的粗扫描过滤和对线段的精扫描求交,减少了扫描过程中的冗余计算,提高了线段集求交点的效率。实验证明,该算法对于处理具有连接关系的线段集的求交点问题具有很高的效率。

移动式钻井平台零排放技术浅析

近年来,随着全民环保意识不断增强,政府相继出台了系列环保法规,加强对污染物的排放控制。根据渤海地区生态红线保护要求,以实现移动式钻井平台作业过程零污染为目标,定量分析了海洋钻探开发过程中固体污染物、生活污水、工业污水等排放量,优化钻井平台原液舱功能分布,校核了钻井平台结构强度与稳性,实现海洋钻探过程中的污染物零排放技术方案。相关技术成果已成功应用于多个钻井平台,可推广至同类大型海洋作业装备。

景洪市国有林场经济发展现状与前景

国有林场是生态文明建设中的重要组成部分,而国有林场经济发展关系到国有林场的建设。为了更好的推动国有林场的发展,结合景洪市国有林场实际情况,根据现阶段景洪市国有林场发展的困难,实践分析了景洪市国有林场改革后的林区经济发展因素,提出实现景洪市国有林场经济发展和乡村振兴的策略和建议。

基于生态保护红线的生态安全格局构建与国土空间修复分区

国土空间生态修复分区有助于针对生态服务、农业生产、居民生活等功能分类施策,具有提高生境质量、保障区域生态安全、促进区域可持续发展的重要作用。该研究以福建省三明市为研究区,采用生态保护红线划定方法全域识别生态源地,构建生态源地扩展阻力评价体系,采用最小累积阻力模型判别生态廊道和生态节点,提取生态断裂点,从而构建三明市生态安全格局。根据生态安全等级划分和“三生空间”范围界定,进行生态修复分区,并提出针对性生态修复和保护建议。研究结果:1)三明市生态源地共有34处,面积2185.44 km^(2),约占三明市国土面积9.5%,围绕中部盆地分布于周边丘陵山地,北部为密集区。2)判别重要生态廊道和一般生态廊道分别为12和70条,提取重要生态节点和一般生态节点分别为30和47个,提取生态断裂点66个。三明市生态安全格局完整,生态安全水平总体较高,但南部地区廊道稀疏却断裂点密集,网络连通性较低。3)划分生态安全等级、叠加“三生空间”范围,将三明市划分成核心重点区(16.13%)、监测预警区(25.04%)、缓冲过渡区(35.53%)、保育防护区(23.30%)四大类12类生态修复小区。在此基础上,针对不同修复分区提出生态防护建议,以期达到南方丘陵地区维护区域生态安全、实现城市高质量发展的目标。

广东省陆域生态保护红线区生态系统生产总值(GEP)核算研究

为探究广东省陆域生态保护红线区的生态系统生产总值(GEP)及其时空变化,构建红线区域GEP核算指标体系,评估红线区域2016年-2020年间GEP的时空演变特征。结果显示:(1)研究期内,研究区GEP减少至11274.94亿元,降幅16.28%(2)研究区GEP服务类型主要是局部气候调节和水源涵养服务,两者共占研究区GEP的70%以上。(3)GEP高值区主要分布在粤北,其次为珠三角、粤西及粤东地区。(4)红线GEP产出效率从高到低依次为粤西、粤东、珠三角、粤北。生态保护红线GEP的核算为生态空间的保护和改善提供了指导,为推动生态保护红线区的生态产品价值实现奠定了基础。

基于生态安全格局理念的生态红线划定及规划管控措施——以北京通州为例

传统生态红线的划定,多以已有规划认定的自然保护区、风景名胜区、水源保护地、湿地和各类绿地等作为划定依据,并根据生态敏感性和生物多样性加以确定,涉及内容相对较为单一。本文整理了国内外生态红线理论的构成,从生态安全格局角度出发,详细讨论了生态安全格局的关键因子和构建模式,以期确定生态红线。以北京通州“两线合一”规划中的生态红线划定的过程为例,依托生态安全格局理念,结合实际情况划定生态红线,研究生态红线内需要实施规划的措施原则和内容,以期为生态红线的划定和红线内的规划管控提供一定的参考。

习近平关于粮食安全重要论述的生成依据、理论要义和实践指向

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