Construction and Application of Soil Erosion Control and Circular Agriculture Mode in Hilly Red Soil of Southern China

[Objective] The paper was to construct soil erosion control and circular agriculture mode in hilly red soil of southern China, and analyze its application effort. [Method] The cause of soil erosion in hilly red soil of southern China and the reason for long-term treatment without remarkable effort were analyzed. On this basis, the key technology, economic benefit, ecological service function and carbon sequestration sink enhancement effect of various modes were further analyzed. [Result] The basic idea for comprehensive control of hilly soil erosion in southern China was as follows: the control of soil erosion was combined with modern agricultural production, in order to build "fruit(tea)-grass-livestock-methane" circular agriculture mode with comprehensive control of soil erosion; application effect analysis showed that the establishment of circular agriculture mode in southern hilly area to control soil erosion had remarkable effect, which could simultaneously meet the coordinated development of ecological, economic and social benefits. [Conclusion] This study established an effective mode suitable for soil erosion control and agricultural protection development in southern red soil mountain, which could drive the sustainable development of ecological restoration of mountainous area and rural agricultural economy.

Fertility Restoration of Red Soils in Low-Hilly Region of Middle Subtropical China

There are about 1.27 million ha of upland red soils derived from Quaternary red clay facing the degradation in the low-hilly region of the middle subtropical China. From the aspects of chemistry, physics and microbiology, the processes of soil fertility restoration in the surface layer (0～20 cm) under three types of land use patterns (i.e. citrus orchard, tea garden and upland) in two provinces were studied in this work. Results showed that the reclamation of eroded waste land improved most of soil properties. Soil organic matter, total N and P, available P and K, and exchangeable Ca and Mg increased, but soil total K and exchangeable Al decreased. Soil PH decreased by 0.5 unit in the pure tea plantation for 20 years. Soil reclamation increased the percentage of soil microaggregates (<0.25 mm), especially those with a diameter of 0.02～0.002 mm. Soil total porosity increased in the cultivated lands with the increase of soil aeration and capillary porosity. The number of soil microorganisms increased with reclamation caused mainly by the huge increase of the total amount of bacteria. With the cultivation, the activity of soil urease and acid phosphatase increased, but that of invertase dropped.

Soil Fertility Self-development Under Ecological Restoration in the Zhuxi Watershed in the Red Soil Hilly Region of China

Current methods that utilize simple data or models to judge whether soil fertility can selfdevelop are not sufficiently rigorous. A new framework has been set up using catastrophe theory, laboratory experiment, field work, and 3S(Geographic information system, Global positioning system, and Remote sensing) to explore soil fertility catastrophe under ecological restoration, discriminate whether soil fertility can self-develop, and propose adjustment of ecological restoration measures in the Zhuxi watershed of Changting County, Fujian Province, China, which is a typical representative of the red soil hilly region of China. The results show that: 1) the soil fertility is obviously improved through the four ecological restoration measures, which impels soil fertility catastrophe. Among 89 soil samples, catastrophic soil samples and stable soil samples account for 26(29.21%) and 63(70.79%) of the samples, respectively. The four ecological restoration measures are listed in the order lowquality forest improvement > arbor–bush–herb mixed plantation > orchard improvement > closing measures according to the proportions of catastrophic soil samples. A typical soil sample in Bashilihe that can self-develop is selected as the criterion to judge the upper lobe and lower lobe of soil fertility in the process surface of the Cusp catastrophe model. Twenty-six(29.21%) were in the middle lobe, 10(11.24%) were in the upper lobe, and 53(70.79%) were in the lower lobe. The catastrophic direction of 26 catastrophic soil samples is to the upper lobe according to soil and water loss change as well as fieldwork. There is a significant positive correlation of Δ with soil and water loss change, and the lower soil and water loss relates to higher catastrophic probability. 2) Soil fertility self-development could be regionalized as "Soil fertility can self-develop" whose area was 12.74 km2(28.33%) distributed mainly in the leftmost and rightmost parts, "Soil fertility tends to self-develop" whose area was 11.63 km2(25.89%) distributed mainly in the middle part, and "Soil fertility cannot self-develop" whose area was 20.58 km2(45.78%) distributed mainly between the above two types. 3) There is no need to take ecological restoration measures and excessive human interference should be avoided in the future in regions of "Soil fertility can self-develop" and "Soil fertility tends to self-develop," and ecological restoration measures should be taken in region of "Soil fertility cannot self-develop." 4) We suggest withdrawal and implementation of ecological restoration measures should be incorporated into the evaluation criteria of ecological restoration to avoid misuse of funds.

Eco-geological environment quality assessment based on multi-source data of the mining city in red soil hilly region, China

High-intensity and large-scale resource development seriously threatens the fragile ecological environment in the red soil hilly region in southern China. This paper analyzes the eco-geological environmental problems and factors affecting Ganzhou, a mining city in the red soil hilly region,based on field survey and literature. The ecogeological environment quality(EGEQ) assessment system, which covered 11 indicators in physical geography, mining development, geological hazards,as well as water and soil pollution, was established through multi-source data utilization such as remote sensing images, DEM(Digital Elevation Model), field survey and on-site monitoring data. The comprehensive weight of each indicator was calculated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and entropy method. The eco-geological environment assessment map was developed by calculating the EGEQ value through the linear weighted method. The assessment results show that the EGEQ was classified into I-V grades from excellent to worse, among which, EGEQ of I-II accounted for 29.88%, EGEQ of III accounted for 32.35% and EGEQ of IV-V accounted for 37.77%;the overall EGEQ of Ganzhou was moderate. The assessment system utilized in this research provides scientific and accurate results, which in turn enable the proposal of some tangible protection suggestions.

Response of Ecosystem Service Value Based on Land Use Changes and Analysis of its Driving Factors in Typical Hilly Region with Red Soil

The contribution rate of ecosystem service value variation was used to analyze the effects of land use changes on the changes of ecosystem service value in Xingguo County during 1996-2005.Grey integrated correlation was employed to explore the contribution level of the indicators such as total population,urbanization level,proportion of primary industry and investment of social fixed assets on ecosystem service value,and the correlation analysis was also carried out.The results showed that the ecosystem service value in Xingguo County during 1996-2005 mainly was woodland,and the decrease of woodland area was the major reason for the sustained reduction of ecosystem service value.With the further increase of market demand and the incentives of local government,the garden area rapidly increased during 2001-2005,and the influence degree of garden towards the changes of ecosystem service value was only second to woodland,ranking No.2.Four socio-economic indicators had different correlation degree with ecosystem service value during the different research periods.Total population,urbanization level and proportion of primary industry had high correlation degree with ecosystem service value,whereas the influence degree of various socio-economic indicators on ecosystem service value was equal with each other day by day.Urbanization level,investment of social fixed assets and total population had significant negative correlation with ecosystem service value,while the proportion of primary industry had positive correlation with ecosystem service value.

Regularity of Erosion and Soil Loss Tolerance in Hilly Red-Earth Region of China

The observations from 14-yr long-term investigation on the soil-water losses in the sloping red-earth (slope 8°- 15°) showed that soil-water losses were closely correlated with land slope and vegetative coverage. Runoff rate in sloping red-earth could be reduced doubly by exploitation, while the soil erosion was enhanced doubly during the first two years after exploitation. Subsequently, it tended to be stable. Soil erosion was highly positively correlated with land slope, i. e. soil erosion increased by 120 t km-2 yr-1 with a slope increase of 1°. On the contrary, soil erosion was highly negatively correlated with vegetative coverage, i. e. soil erosion was limited at 200 t km-2 yr-1 below as the vegetative coverage exceeded 60%. Furthermore, soil erosion was highly related with planting patterns, i. e. soil erosion in contour cropping pattern would be one sixth of that in straight cropping. Based on the view of soil nutrient balance and test data, it was first suggested that the soil loss tolerance in Q2 red clay derived red-earth should be lower than 300 t km-2 yr-1.

Ecological Effects of Land Use Patterns in Red Soil HillyRegion

Plant biomass and biodiversity, element accumulation and return, water loss and soil erosion, and changesin soil properties were studied for up to 10 years after conversion of sparse tree-shrubby grass land into thefollowing four land use patterns: masson pine (Pznvs massonzana Lamb.) land, beautiful sweetgum (Ltq-uidambar fomosana Hance) land, vegetation reservation land, and artificial mowing land. The annualbiomass production of the masson pine land was 5060 kg ha￣-1 being 4.9, 2.1, and 6.0 times that of the beau-tiful sweetgum land, the vegetation reservation land, and the artificial mowing land, respectively. Comparedwith the background values, the number of plant species for the vegetation reservation land increased by 10species after 10 years of land utilization, while for the masson pine and the beautiful sweetgum decreased by4, and for the artificial mowing land by 9. For masson pine land, total amount of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg neededfor producing 1000 kg dry matter was only 3.5 kg, annual element return through litter was 22 kg ha￣-1, bothof which were much lower than those of the other patterns. Vegetation reservation was an effective measureto conserve soil and water and improve soil fertility in the red soil hilly region. Artificial mowing arousedserious degradation of vegetation and soil. Some measures and suggestions for management and exploitationof the red soil hilly region such as masson pine planting, closing hills for afforestation, and stereo-agricultureon one hill are proposed.

Sustainable Agriculture Evaluation for Red Soil Hill Region of Southeast China

Agricultural sustainability for economic development is important and a complex issue throughout the world; however,it is difficult to synthetically evaluate its use in the policy making process. The objective of this study was to evaluate sustainable agriculture in the red soil hill region of Southeast China through a newly proposed method combining four separate sub-systems: regional population (P), resource (R), environmental (E), and socio-economic (S). This new index system was proposed to appraise synthetically the agricultural sustainability of the red soil hill region from 1988 to 1996 with a two-step method assessing: a) the agricultural sustainability in each province independently and b) the relative sustainability of each province to the whole region. The first step only provided a development trend for each province based on its original situation, while the second step provided additional information on the comparative status of each province in agricultural development to the region as a whole. Higher index scores were found for the economy and resource categories denoting improvement. However, lower scores in the environment category indicated the improvement was achieved at the cost of deteriorating ecological surroundings due to an increasing population that demanded more from the agro-ecosystem and put heavier pressures on it. Results also showed that water and soil losses in this region were the major obstacles encountered in sustainable agriculture development. The assessment results were verified when compared with results from another method. This suggested that the new assessment system was reliable and credible in evaluating agricultural sustainability on a regional scale.

Effects of collapsing gully erosion on soil qualities of farm fields in the hilly granitic region of South China

Collapsing gully erosion is a specific form of soil erosion types in the hilly granitic region of tropical and subtropical South China, and can result in extremely rapid water and soil loss. Knowledge of the soil physical and chemical properties of farmland influenced by collapsing gully erosion is important in understanding the development of soil quality. This study was conducted at the Wuli Watershed of the Tongcheng County, south of Hubei Province, China. The aim is to investigate soil physical and chemical properties of three soil layers （0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm） for two farmland types （paddy field and upland field） in three regions influenced by collapsing gully erosion. The three regions are described as follows： strongly influenced region （SIR）, weakly influenced region （WIR） and non-influenced region （NIR）. The results show that collapsing gully erosion significantly increased the soil gravel and sand content in paddy and upland fields, especially the surface soil in the SIR and WIR. In the 0-20 cm layer of the paddy field, the highest gravel content （250.94 g kg-1） was in the SIR and the lowest （78.67 g kg-1） was in the NIR, but in the upland filed, the surface soil （0-20 cm） of the SIR and the 40-60 cm soil layer for the NIR had the highest （177.13 g kg-1） and the lowest （59.96 g kg-1） values of gravel content, respectively. The distribution of gravel and sand decreased with depth in the three influenced regions, but silt and clay showed the inverse change. In the paddy field, the average of sand content decreased from 58.6 （in the SIR） to 49.0% （in the NIR）, but the silt content was in a reverse order, increasing from 27.9 to 36.9%, and the average of the clay content of three regions showed no significant variation （P〈0.05）. But in the upland filed, the sand, silt and clay fluctuated in the NIR and the WIR. Soils in the paddy and upland field were highly acidic （pH〈5.2） in the SIR and WIR; moreover lower nutrient contents （soil organic matter （SOM）, total N and available N, P, K） existed in the SIR. In the 0-20 cm soil layer of the paddy field, compared with the NIR and the WIR, collapsing gully erosion caused a very sharp decrease in the SOM and total N of the SIR （5.23 and 0.56 g kg-1, respectively）. But in the surface soil （0-20 cm） of the upland field, the highest SOM, total N, available N, available P and available K occurred in the NIR, and the lowest ones were in the SIR. Compared with the NIR, the cation exchange capacity （CEC） in the SIR and WIR was found to be relatively lower. These results suggest that collapsing gully erosion seriously affect the soil physical and chemical properties of farmland, lead to coarse particles accumulation in the field and decrease pH and nutrient levels.

Relationship Between Soil and Water Conservation Practices and Soil Conditions in Low Mountain and Hilly Region of Northeast China

The soil and water conservation practices of ecological restoration(ER),fish scale pit(FP),furrow and ridge tillage across the slope(FR),shrub strips(SS),and vegetation-covered ridge(VR)are characteristic of the Jixing small watershed of the low mountain and hilly region of Jilin Province,Northeast China.This study aims to elucidate the effects of soil and water conservation practices on soil conditions after the short-term implementation of practices.Soil samples were collected from five soil and water conservation sites(ER,FP,FR,SS,and VR)and two controls(BL and CT)to investigate their properties.To evaluate the influence of soil and water conservation practices on soil quality,an integrated quantitative index,soil quality index(QI),was developed to compare the soil quality under the different soil and water conservation practices.The results show that not all soil and water conservation practices can improve the soil conditions and not all soil properties,especially soil organic carbon(SOC),can be recovered under soil and water conservation practice in short-term.Moreover,the QI in the five soil and water conservation practices and two controls was in the following order:ER>VR>BL>FR>CT>SS>FP.ER exhibited a higher soil quality value on a slope scale.In the low mountain and hilly region of Northeast China,ER is a better choice than the conversion of farmlands to planted grasslands and woodlands early in the soil and water conservation program.

Soil and Water Resources and Land Sustainable Productivity in the Catchment Area with Intensive Management in Hilly Red Soil Regions,China

Taking an example of Majiayu Catchment Area (14.15 ha) in Taoyuan County of HunanProvince, the soil and water resources dynamics, fertility evolution characteristics andland productivity changing situation were studied. Fixed observation results from 1993to 2002 showed that pools covering about 15% of total area could store up 10% of surfacerunoff, keep 78.1% of eroded soil and 65.4% of lost nutrients. The yearly ratio ofinterception and evapotranspiration in land, storage in pools and drainage was 7:2:1,which ensured the resources and nutrients equilibrium and a benign recycle in thecatchment area system, and benefited the aquatic culture and helped to resist seasonaldrought. Moreover, the results showed that soil erosion modulus decreased significantly,equal to or lower than soil loss tolerance (≤500 tkm-2) in reddish yellow soil regions.Soil organic matter, total and available N content in sloping land, dryland and paddyfield increased steadily (>10%); water storage enhanced by more than 20% in sloping landand dryland in drought season; crop production increased by more than 20%; and productionof trees, fruits, tea and fish as well as land productivity increased yearly.

Characteristics of Soil Respiration of Terraces and Slope Farmland in Loess Hilly and Gully Regions

Soil CO_2 emissions of terraces and slope farmland in loess hilly and gully regions were measured by using Infra Red Gas Analysis(IRGA),and the diurnal variation characteristics of soil respiration rate in different slope positions of terraces and slope farmland were analyzed.The results show that the diurnal variation curves of soil respiration rate of terraces and slope farmland in loess hilly and gully regions had a single peak.The soil respiration rate of terraces reached the peak during 13:00-15:00,while the soil respiration rate of slope farmland reached the peak from 11:00 to13:00,and it was the lowest at next 07:00.The daily average of soil respiration rate in slope farmland was 0.86μmol/(m^2·s),accounting for 93.48% of that of terraces.The daily average of soil respiration rate in different slope positions of terraces and slope farmland is shown as follows:the bottom of the slope>the middle of the slope>the top of the slope.At the top of the slope,the daily averages of soil respiration rate in terraces and slope farmland were the same;at the middle and bottom of the slope,the daily average of soil respiration rate in terraces was larger than that of slope farmland.

Characteristics of Soil Porosity and Changes of Soil Water Content in Eucalyptus Plantation

Objective] This study almed to investigate the characteristics of soiI total porosity （STP） and various factors affecting soiI water content （SWC） in eucalyptus pIantation （EP）, thereby providing references for soiI water utiIization in eucalyptus pIanting in the red soiI hiI y region of South China. [Method] In the same cIimatic region, soiI sampIes were coI ected from surface soiI Iayer （A）, iI uvial horizon （B） and parent material horizon （C） in the upper sIope, middIe sIope and Iower sIope of eucalyptus pIantation, native forest and pine forest, respectiveIy, to determine the soiI porosity and soiI water content and analyze changes and various infIuencing factors of soiI water content in horizontal and vertical direction. [Result] Average soiI porosity in eucalyptus pIantation, native forest and pine forest was 45.9%, 41.4%and 55.3%, respectiveIy; soiI water content in these three forest stands was 13.3%, 13.4% and 15.5%, respectiveIy. In addition, soiI water content in these three forest stands exhibited no significant differences （P＆gt;0.05） among different soiI profiIes and sIope positions, but soiI water content in surface soiI Iayer varied significantIy （P＆lt;0.05） among different forest stands; in the horizontal direction, soiI water content exerted an extremeIy significant positive correIation with total coverage. [Conclusion] Total coverage of canopy Iayer, herb and Iitter Iayer is one of the most critical fac-tors affecting the changes of soiI water content in surface soiI Iayer of forest stands.

Effects of soil and water conservation and its interactions with soil properties on soil productivity

The effects of soil and water conservation （SWC） on soil properties are well documented. However, definitive and quantitative information of SWC and its interactions with soil properties on soil productivity is lacking for hilly red soil region of southern China. Experiments were conducted in the hilly red soil region of southern China for seven years in three rtmoffplots, each of which represented different SWC forest-grass measures. Principal component analysis and multiple regression techniques were used to relate the aboveground biomass （representing soil productivity） to soil properties. Based on the final regression equations, soil organic carbon content （Sot） is significantly correlated with soil productivity under the condition of forest-grass measures, whereas pH value and cation exchange capacity （Cee） are the main factors for soil productivity without SWC. Therefore, SWC plays an important role in sequestering Soc and improving soil productivity.

A Study of the Qianyanzhou Mode in a Subtropical Red Soil Hilly Region of China

Qianyanzhou is located in the heart of Jitai Basin in Guanxi town,the county seat of Taihe county in Jiangxi province.Qianyanzhou has a subtropical humid climate and exemplifies the geographic and geomorphologic characteristics of red soil hilly regions in southern China.In the early 1980s,to control soil and water loss and problems with grain yields,Qianyanzhou's researchers proposed an innovative,comprehensive stereoscopic ag- riculture development mode known as the 'Qianyanzhou mode'.This mode included a forest-livestock-food ecosystem,a forest-fruit-economy ecosystem,and a land-water compound stereoscopic system,all located within a watershed.In the Qianyanzhou mode,soil and water loss were completely controlled,thereby promoting environmental conservation and economic development.The state and the society as a whole supported this mode thanks to its far-reaching social impact.In the 21st century,given new societal concerns and continuing economic development,Qianyanzhou mode has been restructured as two ecosystems of forest-fowl and planting-raising circular economies at landscape level,based on an increase in vegetation coverage from 4.3% to more than 80%.These improved modes can significantly enhance the ecosystem,reduce poverty,and to promote the construction of local ecological civilization.This study introduces the Qianyanzhou mode and summarizes its characteristics in different phases.We hope that the information in this study supports improvements to and promotion of the Qianyanzhou mode.We believe the Qianyanzhou mode can play an important role in efforts to modify the agriculture industrial structure,alleviate poverty,and construct ecological civilization.

南方崩岗调查内容与方法探讨

崩岗是我国南方水土流失的一种特殊类型,广泛分布于南方红壤区,是该区域严重的生态问题之一。第一次崩岗调查距今已近20年,相关情况已发生巨大变化。崩岗现状不清直接影响了行政管理部门对崩岗防治相关工作的规划和决策,因此急需开展新一轮崩岗调查。新时代水土保持高质量发展为崩岗调查提供了机遇,差别化分类防治和分步实施对崩岗调查提出了更高要求,现代信息技术为崩岗调查提供了新方法,以服务崩岗风险评估和防治规划为导向,在充分利用第一次崩岗调查成果基础上,补充崩岗发育的小山体调查,将典型调查改为全面普查,系统探讨崩岗调查对象与范围、调查内容、调查程序与方法,以期为行政管理部门和技术单位启动新一轮崩岗调查工作提供参考。

The quality attribute of watershed ecosystem is more important than the landscape attribute in controlling erosion of red soil in southern China

Landscape and quality attributes are major ecosystem characteristics closely associated with soil conservation service(SCS).However,the intrinsic mechanisms by which these two attributes influence SCS are still unclear.Therefore,this study quantitatively analyzed the landscape pattern,ecological quality,and SCS in the Lianshui River watershed(a typical soil and water loss area of red soil in southern China)and its sub-watersheds in 2019.The boosted regression tree model was used to explore the influence of 15 factors(i.e.,landscape and quality attributes)on SCS at the sub-watershed scale.According to the results,compared with the landscape attribute,the quality attribute of the watershed ecosystem could better explain the spatial heterogeneity of SCS across 66 sub-watersheds.The overall degree of influence of five quality factors on SCS reached 57.81%,with the highest being the normalized differential build-up and bare soil index(NDBSI),at 25.11%.Among 10 landscape factors,aggregation had the greatest influence on SCS,at 28.64%.The relationships between key influencing factors and SCS were nonmonotonic and non-linear,with threshold effects.For example,NDBSI values of 0.18e0.41 had a positive influence on SCS,while NDBSI values of 0.41e0.65 had a negative influence on SCS.The findings broaden our understanding of the response of SCS to changes in landscape and quality attributes at the sub-watershed scale,and could offer comprehensive support for soil erosion management in the watershed ecosystem.

南方红壤区典型母质发育土壤硒素特征及影响因素

为探究南方红壤区不同母质土壤硒素特征及理化性质对硒有效性的影响,以广西典型红壤区不同母质土壤为研究对象,通过测定硒形态特征及理化性质,并利用AMOS路径分析模型及土壤培养试验,量化了不同因子对不同母质土壤有效硒的影响。结果表明:南方红壤区不同母质土壤总硒含量均高于0.4 mg/kg,其中以花岗岩母质土壤总硒含量最高,以砂页岩母质土壤有效硒含量最高,且变幅最大。土壤硒形态主要以残渣态和有机结合态为主,不同形态硒含量由高到低均表现为:残渣态硒>有机结合态硒>铁锰氧化物结合态硒>交换态硒>可溶态硒。AMOS路径分析模型结果表明,影响不同母质土壤硒形态分配贡献的主要因素是全磷、有机质和pH,第四纪红色黏土母质土壤中的全氮及砂页岩母质土壤中的速效氮的影响也值得关注。利用贡献较大的理化因子开展土壤培养试验,外源理化因子添加后均在一定的时间及剂量条件下出现土壤有效硒含量最大值,且不同母质土壤获得的最佳因子条件不同。因此,不同土壤母质因土壤理化性质的不同,其硒形态特征存在较大差异,不同理化因子作用于土壤后,土壤硒会因土壤环境的变化而重新分配。

南方典型红壤区不同枯死率芒萁的水土流失阻控效应

[目的]探究芒萁植丛不同枯死率(100%,50%和0%)下坡面的产流产沙规律,揭示不同生长状态下芒萁的水土流失阻控效果。[方法]采用人工模拟降雨试验,对不同芒萁枯死率下坡面产流产沙过程随雨强的变化特性进行了定量分析。[结果](1)不同降雨强度和芒萁枯死率下径流速率随降雨历时呈前期缓慢或快速增长,后期趋于稳定。较小雨强下,侵蚀速率除裸坡外随降雨历时呈前期缓慢增加、后期趋于稳定状态;较大雨强下,侵蚀速率随降雨历时变化呈前期快速增加,中后期逐渐下降趋于稳定。(2)除2 mm/min雨强下的累积产流量外,其余处理条件下累积产流产沙量差异明显,且产沙量随芒萁枯死率的增加而增加。(3)两种雨强不同处理下坡面累积产流量和累积产沙量关系符合幂函数模型(R2>0.99)。[结论]两种雨强芒萁植丛不同枯死率下径流速率和侵蚀速率随降雨历时变化前期迅速增加、后期逐渐波动稳定,各处理下累积径流量与累积产沙量的函数关系拟合回归效果良好,证实了枯死芒萁亦可在中国南方红壤侵蚀区起到良好的水土流失阻控效果。

南方红壤区茶果园杂草管理与水土保持技术研究进展

南方红壤区的茶果园因其独特的地理和气候条件而成为重要的农业资源,但同时也面临着杂草问题和水土流失的挑战。本文综合分析了国内外关于茶果园杂草管理和水土保持的研究进展,提出了一系列针对性的管理策略。在杂草管理方面,建议采用综合杂草管理技术,结合化学、物理和生物控制方法,以提高茶果园的生产效率并减少环境影响。在水土保持方面,强调了梯田建设、植被覆盖和土壤改良技术的重要性,这些措施能有效减少水土流失并提升土壤保水保肥能力。文章还指出,未来研究应关注生态友好的杂草管理技术的开发,探索成本效益更高的水土保持技术,并建立完善的长期监测和评估体系。通过跨学科合作,本文旨在为南方红壤区茶果园的可持续发展提供科学指导和实践支持。