红花草莓育种及花瓣呈色机制研究进展

草莓属植物均开白花。红花草莓是一种新型草莓,其果红花亦红,能观赏兼鲜食,可作为多年生草本花卉,用于地栽、盆栽等景观美化,具有较高的经济价值和观赏价值。概述了红花草莓的起源、育种历史和现状及新近育成的种子型品种的研究进展,并对红花草莓花瓣呈色物质、转录调控等分子机制研究进展进行了综述,期望能为红花草莓新品种选育和种质创新提供新思路。

Efficient Breeding and Cultivation of Type 2 Red-fleshed Apple Cultivars Using a Search System for Suitable Apple Cultivar Combination

As apple possesses self-incompatibility, knowledge of the S-genotypes is very important for apple breeding and cultivation. We investigated the S-RNase genotypes of 13 type 2 red-fleshed apple cultivars and 8 lineages. All of the investigated type 2 red-fleshed apples contained the S3-RNase allele closely linked to the red-fleshed trait. We made a search system for ovule parents to efficiently produce new type 2 red-fleshed cultivars based on the S-RNase allele information(http://www.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp/～hort/apple/red/). More than 90% of progenies from crossing a selected white-fleshed ovule parent with a type 2 red-fleshed pollen parent are expected to show the red-fleshed phenotype. We also compiled a database of the S-RNase genotypes of more than 1 000 apple cultivars, including a survey system of cultivar combinations showing those that were fully incompatible, semicompatible and fully compatible, written in Chinese(http://www.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp/～hort/apple/ch/) and Japanese(http://www.agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp/～hort/apple/ja/).

黄麻(corchorus olitorius L.)花青素的性状遗传及其表现的影响因素

1986～1988年对长果黄麻(Corchorus olitorius L.)花青素的性状遗传及其表现作了研究。结果表明,长果黄麻花青素遗传受一对等位基因控制。花青素的合成需要光照条件,但合成的速度和含量则决定于糖浓度。光照强弱和供氮水平对花青素含量的影响,是通过对糖浓度的影响而起作用。合成花青素的细胞可能与合成叶绿素有关。花青素在体内可以转移。

红皮梨新品种高接换种最佳树形的筛选研究

红皮梨新品种高接换种采用3种树形,分别为高干开心形、篱壁形、疏散分层形,应用树冠分格方法,在萌芽前对3种树形的接穗总数、不同层次接穗生长量及占有率进行对比研究,并在生长季研究3种树形不同层次相对光照强度的差异。结果表明:高干开心形为红皮梨新品种高接换种最佳树形,该树形接穗总数大于100个,新梢生长量为53.17 cm,粗度为1.14 cm。从水平位置看,位于51～100 cm处接穗占有率最高,为69.16%;从高度位置看,位于101～150 cm处接穗占有率为55.14%。相对光照低于30%的占树冠体积空间最小的是高干开心形,为36.0%,高干开心形树体除50～100 cm处内膛受光较弱外,其余部位接受光照良好。