The color of compound eyes is an important biological characteristic of insects. A red eye color mutation is commonly found in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a...The color of compound eyes is an important biological characteristic of insects. A red eye color mutation is commonly found in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a serious insect pest of rice in tropical and temperate Asia. The genetic inheritance and physiological effect of the eye color mutation in the BPH have been studied, but the location of a red gene controlling the red eye mutant phenotype on a chromosome has not been elucidated. In this study, simple sequence repeats (SSRs), together with bulked segregant analysis (BSA), was performed to identify and map the location of the red gene. A total of 387 SSR markers distributed throughout the BPH autosome were used to survey two bulked DNA samples. Samples were generated from 29 brown-eyed and 29 red-eyed individuals derived from an F2 generation of a cross between brown-eyed wild type and red-eyed mutant colonies. The SSR marker BM20 was shown to be associated with the red eye mutant phenotype. Ninety-five offspring of the F2 generation were then used to map the gene. The present study constitutes the discovery of the location of the red gene, which may lead to the acquisition of the genetic determinant of the compound eye color mutation in BPH.展开更多
A red-eye colony was established in our laboratory in brown planthopper （BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens （Stal）, a major rice pest in Asia. Except for the red-eye phenotype, no other differences were observed between the...A red-eye colony was established in our laboratory in brown planthopper （BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens （Stal）, a major rice pest in Asia. Except for the red-eye phenotype, no other differences were observed between the wild-type （brown eye） and the mutant-type （red eye） in external characters. Genetic analysis revealed that the red-eye phenotype was controlled by a single autosomal recessive allele. Biological studies found that egg produc- tion and egg viability in the red-eye mutant colony were not significantly different from those in the wild-type BPH. Biochemical analysis and electronic microscopy examination revealed that the red-eye mutants contained decreased levels of both xanthommatin （brown） and pteridine （red） and reduced number of pigment granules. Thus, the changes of amount and ratio of the two pigments is the biochemical basis of this red-eye mutation. Our results indicate that the red-eye mutant gene （red） might be involved in one common gene locus shared by the two pigments in pigment transportation, pigment granule formation or some other processes.展开更多
The strawberry species Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlechtendal ex J.Gay,renowned for its distinctive white,fragrant peach-like fruits and strong disease resistance,is an exceptional research material.In a previous study,a...The strawberry species Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlechtendal ex J.Gay,renowned for its distinctive white,fragrant peach-like fruits and strong disease resistance,is an exceptional research material.In a previous study,an ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)mutant library was established for this species,resulting in various yellow leaf mutants.Leaf yellowing materials are not only the ideal materials for basic studies on photosynthesis mechanism,chloroplast development,and molecular regulation of various pigments,but also have important utilization value in ornamental plants breeding.The present study focused on four distinct yellow leaf mutants:mottled yellow leaf(MO),yellow green leaf(YG),light green leaf(LG),and buddha light leaf(BU).The results revealed that the flavonoid content and carotenoid-to-chlorophyll ratio exhibited a significant increase among these mutants,while experiencing a significant decrease in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents compared to the wild type(WT).To clarify the regulatory mechanisms and network relationships underlying these mutants,the RNA-seq and weighted gene coexpression network(WGCNA)analyses were employed.The results showed flavonoid metabolism pathway was enriched both in MO and YG mutants,while the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway and carotenoid degradation pathway were only enriched in MO and YG mutants,respectively.Subsequently,key structural genes and transcription factors were identified on metabolic pathways of three pigments through correlation analyses and quantitative experiments.Furthermore,a R2R3-MYB transcription factor,FnMYB4,was confirmed to be positively correlated with flavonoid synthesis through transient overexpression,virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),and RNA interference(RNAi),accompanying by reoccurrence and attenuation of mutant phenotype.Finally,dual-luciferase(LUC)and yeast one-hybrid assays confirmed the binding of FnMYB4 to the FnFLS and FnF3H promoters,indicating that FnMYB4 positively regulates flavonoid synthesis.In addition,correlation analyses suggested that FnMYB4 also might be involved in chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolisms.These findings demonstrated the pivotal regulatory role of FnMYB4 in strawberry leaf coloration.展开更多
The emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations represents a major threat to the achievement of national and global goals for the elimination of HIV-1 infection. The global strategy in 2019 in Cte d'Ivoire is...The emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations represents a major threat to the achievement of national and global goals for the elimination of HIV-1 infection. The global strategy in 2019 in Cte d'Ivoire is a new national policy for the management of people living with HIV with the administration of dolutegravir (DTG)-based fixed-dose combination. The aim of our study was to evaluate HIV-1 resistance to antiretrovirals (ARVs) in infected adult subjects in Cte d’Ivoire in the context of a systematic switch to a DTG-based combination. Between February 2022 and October 2023, a cross-sectional survey with random sampling was conducted in 06 services caring for people living with HIV. A total of 139 participants were included in the study. Adults with a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL were tested for HIV-1 ARV resistance mutations. Molecular analyses were performed using protocol of ANRS-MIE (National Agency for Research on AIDS and emerging infectious diseases). The interpretation is performed by HIVGRAD (https://www.hiv-grade.de/cms/grade/). The frequencies of HIV-1 resistance to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), integrase inhibitors (IINTs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) were 82%, 73%, 19% and 11% respectively. The main mutations observed in the different classes were K103N (45%), M184V (64%), E157Q (19%) and L10V/M46I/A71V/I54V (6%) respectively. This study reveals the emergence of resistance to DTG-based fixed-dose combinations, favored by high rates of resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs. This finding underlines the need for enhanced viral load monitoring and HIV-1 genotyping tests to guide the choice of NRTIs for combination therapy. In addition, monitoring for mutations to second-generation NRTIs is essential, given the scale-up of DTG-based regimens currently underway in Cte d’Ivoire.展开更多
Insertional mutation,phenotypic evaluation,and mutated gene cloning are widely used to clone genes from scratch.Exogenous genes can be integrated into the genome during non-homologous end joining(NHEJ)of the double-st...Insertional mutation,phenotypic evaluation,and mutated gene cloning are widely used to clone genes from scratch.Exogenous genes can be integrated into the genome during non-homologous end joining(NHEJ)of the double-strand breaks of DNA,causing insertional mutation.The random insertional mutant library constructed using this method has become a method of forward genetics for gene cloning.However,the establishment of a random insertional mutant library requires a high transformation efficiency of exogenous genes.Many microalgal species show a low transformation efficiency,making constructing random insertional mutant libraries difficult.In this study,we established a highly efficient transformation method for constructing a random insertional mutant library of Nannochloropsis oceanica,and tentatively tried to isolate its genes to prove the feasibility of the method.A gene that may control the growth rate and cell size was identified.This method will facilitate the genetic studies of N.oceanica,which should also be a reference for other microalgal species.展开更多
TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in most cancer types and has been extensively studied in cancer research.p53 plays a critical role in regulating the expression of target genes and is involved in key pr...TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in most cancer types and has been extensively studied in cancer research.p53 plays a critical role in regulating the expression of target genes and is involved in key processes such as apoptosis,cell cycle regulation,and genomic stability,earning it the title“guardian of the genome.”Numerous studies have demonstrated p53’s influence on and regulation of autophagy,ferroptosis,the tumor microenvironment,and cell metabolism,all of which contribute to tumor suppression.Alterations in p53,specifically mutant p53(mutp53),not only impair its tumor-suppressing functions but also enhance oncogenic characteristics.Recent data indicate that mutp53 is strongly associated with poor prognosis and advanced cancers,making it an ideal target for the development of novel cancer therapies.This review summarizes the post-translational modifications of p53,the mechanisms of mutp53 accumulation,and its gain-of-function,based on previous findings.Additionally,this review discusses its impact on metabolic homeostasis,ferroptosis,genomic instability,the tumor microenvironment,and cancer stem cells,and highlights recent advancements in mutp53 research.展开更多
Chlorophyll (Chl) content,especially Chl b content,and stomatal conductance (G_s) are the key factors affecting the net photosynthetic rate (P_n).Setaria italica,a diploid C_4 panicoid species with a simple genome and...Chlorophyll (Chl) content,especially Chl b content,and stomatal conductance (G_s) are the key factors affecting the net photosynthetic rate (P_n).Setaria italica,a diploid C_4 panicoid species with a simple genome and high transformation efficiency,has been widely accepted as a model in photosynthesis and drought-tolerance research.The current study characterized Chl content,G_s,and P_n of 48 Setaria mutants induced by ethyl methanesulfonate.A total of 24,34,and 35 mutants had significant variations in Chl content,G_s,and P_n,respectively.Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between increased G_s and increased P_n,and a weak correlation between decreased Chl b content and decreased P_n was also found.Remarkably,two mutants behaved with significantly decreased Chl b content but increased P_n compared to Yugu 1.Seven mutants behaved with significantly decreased G_s but did not decrease P_(n )compared to Yugu 1.The current study thus identified various genetic lines,further exploration of which would be beneficial to elucidate the relationship between Chl content,G_s,and P_n and the mechanism underlying why C_4 species are efficient at photosynthesis and water saving.展开更多
Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an oil and economic crop of vital importance,and peanut pod is the key organ influencing the yield and processing quality.Hence,the Pod-related traits(PRTs)are considered as important agr...Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an oil and economic crop of vital importance,and peanut pod is the key organ influencing the yield and processing quality.Hence,the Pod-related traits(PRTs)are considered as important agronomic traits in peanut breeding.To broaden the variability of PRTs in current peanut germplasms,three elite peanut cultivars were used to construct Ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)-induced mutant libraries in this study.The optimal EMS treatment conditions for the three peanut varieties were determined.It was found that the median lethal dose(LD50)of EMS treatment varied greatly among different genotypes.Finally,the EMS-induced peanut mutant libraries were constructed and a total of 124 mutant lines for PRTs were identified and evaluated.Furthermore,“M-8070”,one of the mutant lines for pod constriction,was re-sequenced via high-throughput sequencing technology.The genome-wide variations between“M-8070”and its wild parent“Fuhua 8”(FH 8)were detected.2994 EMS-induced single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and 1188 insertion-deletions(InDels)between“M-8070”and its wild parent were identified.The predominant SNP mutation type was C/G to T/A transitions,while the predominant InDel mutation type was“1-bp”.We analyzed the distribution of identified mutations and annotated their functions.Most of the mutations(91.68%of the SNPs and 77.69%of the InDels)were located in the intergenic region.72 SNPs were identified in the exonic region,leading to 27 synonymous,43 nonsynonymous and 2 stop-gain variation for gene structure.13 Indels were identified in the exonic region,leading to 4 frame-shift,8 non-frame-shift and 1 stop-gain variations of genes.These mutations may lead to the phenotypic variation of“M-8070”.Our study provided valuable resources for peanut improvement and functional genomic research.展开更多
The phenotype of a common bean plant is often closely related to its yield,and the yield of plants with reduced height or poor stem development during growth is low.Mutants serve as an essential gene resource for comm...The phenotype of a common bean plant is often closely related to its yield,and the yield of plants with reduced height or poor stem development during growth is low.Mutants serve as an essential gene resource for common bean breeding genetic research.Although model plants and crops are studied to comprehend the molecular mechanisms and genetic basis of plant phenotypes,the molecular mechanism of phenotypic variation in common beans remains underexplored.We here used the mutant‘nts’as material for transcriptome sequencing analysis.This mutant was obtained through 60Co-γirradiation from the common bean variety‘A18’.Differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in GO functional entries such as cell wall organization,auxin response and transcription factor activity.Metabolic pathways significantly enriched in KEGG analysis included plant hormone signal transduction pathways,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways,and fructose and mannose metabolic pathways.AUX1(Phvul.001G241500),the gene responsible for auxin transport,may be the key gene for auxin content inhibition.In the plant hormone signal transduction pathway,AUX1 expression was downregulated and auxin transport across the membrane was blocked,resulting in stunted growth of the mutant‘nts’.The results provide important clues for revealing the molecular mechanism of‘nts’phenotype regulation in bean mutants and offer basic materials for breeding beneficial phenotypes of bean varieties.展开更多
An EMS(ethy methanesulfonate)-induced lethal etiolated(le)mutant obtained from the rice variety Zhongjian 100 was characterized by lethal etiolated phenotypes,with significantly reduced levels of chlorophyll a,chlorop...An EMS(ethy methanesulfonate)-induced lethal etiolated(le)mutant obtained from the rice variety Zhongjian 100 was characterized by lethal etiolated phenotypes,with significantly reduced levels of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll,and carotenoids.Additionally,the mutant displayed a significantly decreased number of chloroplast grana,along with irregular and less-stacked grana lamellae.The le mutant showed markedly diminished root length,root surface area,and root volume compared with the wild type.It also exhibited significantly lower catalase activity and total protein content,while peroxidase activity was significantly higher.Using the map-based cloning method,we successfully mapped the LE gene to a 48-kb interval between markers RM16107 and RM16110 on rice chromosome 3.A mutation(from T to C)was identified at nucleotide position 692 bp of LOC_Os03g59640(ChlD),resulting in a change from leucine to proline.By crossing HM133(a pale green mutant with a single-base substitution of A for G in exon 10 of ChlD subunit)with a heterozygous line of le(LEle),we obtained two plant lines heterozygous at both the LE and HM133 loci.Among 15 transgenic plants,3 complementation lines displayed normal leaf color with significantly higher total chlorophyll,chlorophyll a,and chlorophyll b contents.The mutation in le led to a lethal etiolated phenotype,which has not been observed in other ChlD mutants.The mutation in the AAA+domain of ChlD disrupted the interaction of ChlDle with ChlI as demonstrated by a yeast two-hybrid assay,leading to the loss of ChlD function and hindering chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development.Consequently,this disruption is responsible for the lethal etiolated phenotype in the mutant.展开更多
文摘The color of compound eyes is an important biological characteristic of insects. A red eye color mutation is commonly found in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a serious insect pest of rice in tropical and temperate Asia. The genetic inheritance and physiological effect of the eye color mutation in the BPH have been studied, but the location of a red gene controlling the red eye mutant phenotype on a chromosome has not been elucidated. In this study, simple sequence repeats (SSRs), together with bulked segregant analysis (BSA), was performed to identify and map the location of the red gene. A total of 387 SSR markers distributed throughout the BPH autosome were used to survey two bulked DNA samples. Samples were generated from 29 brown-eyed and 29 red-eyed individuals derived from an F2 generation of a cross between brown-eyed wild type and red-eyed mutant colonies. The SSR marker BM20 was shown to be associated with the red eye mutant phenotype. Ninety-five offspring of the F2 generation were then used to map the gene. The present study constitutes the discovery of the location of the red gene, which may lead to the acquisition of the genetic determinant of the compound eye color mutation in BPH.
基金We thank Professor Ze-Wen Liu of Nanjing Agricul- ture University and Researcher Jian-Li Wu of China National Rice Research Institute for their writing assis- tance of this article. This work was supported by Zhe- jiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China （LY 12C 14002）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （31201511） and National Basic Research Program of China （2010CB 126206）.
文摘A red-eye colony was established in our laboratory in brown planthopper （BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens （Stal）, a major rice pest in Asia. Except for the red-eye phenotype, no other differences were observed between the wild-type （brown eye） and the mutant-type （red eye） in external characters. Genetic analysis revealed that the red-eye phenotype was controlled by a single autosomal recessive allele. Biological studies found that egg produc- tion and egg viability in the red-eye mutant colony were not significantly different from those in the wild-type BPH. Biochemical analysis and electronic microscopy examination revealed that the red-eye mutants contained decreased levels of both xanthommatin （brown） and pteridine （red） and reduced number of pigment granules. Thus, the changes of amount and ratio of the two pigments is the biochemical basis of this red-eye mutation. Our results indicate that the red-eye mutant gene （red） might be involved in one common gene locus shared by the two pigments in pigment transportation, pigment granule formation or some other processes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32372652)the Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Project of‘Jiebangguashuai’(Grant No.2022JH1/10400016)the Shenyang Academician and Expert Workstation Project(Grant No.2022-15).
文摘The strawberry species Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlechtendal ex J.Gay,renowned for its distinctive white,fragrant peach-like fruits and strong disease resistance,is an exceptional research material.In a previous study,an ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)mutant library was established for this species,resulting in various yellow leaf mutants.Leaf yellowing materials are not only the ideal materials for basic studies on photosynthesis mechanism,chloroplast development,and molecular regulation of various pigments,but also have important utilization value in ornamental plants breeding.The present study focused on four distinct yellow leaf mutants:mottled yellow leaf(MO),yellow green leaf(YG),light green leaf(LG),and buddha light leaf(BU).The results revealed that the flavonoid content and carotenoid-to-chlorophyll ratio exhibited a significant increase among these mutants,while experiencing a significant decrease in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents compared to the wild type(WT).To clarify the regulatory mechanisms and network relationships underlying these mutants,the RNA-seq and weighted gene coexpression network(WGCNA)analyses were employed.The results showed flavonoid metabolism pathway was enriched both in MO and YG mutants,while the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway and carotenoid degradation pathway were only enriched in MO and YG mutants,respectively.Subsequently,key structural genes and transcription factors were identified on metabolic pathways of three pigments through correlation analyses and quantitative experiments.Furthermore,a R2R3-MYB transcription factor,FnMYB4,was confirmed to be positively correlated with flavonoid synthesis through transient overexpression,virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),and RNA interference(RNAi),accompanying by reoccurrence and attenuation of mutant phenotype.Finally,dual-luciferase(LUC)and yeast one-hybrid assays confirmed the binding of FnMYB4 to the FnFLS and FnF3H promoters,indicating that FnMYB4 positively regulates flavonoid synthesis.In addition,correlation analyses suggested that FnMYB4 also might be involved in chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolisms.These findings demonstrated the pivotal regulatory role of FnMYB4 in strawberry leaf coloration.
文摘The emergence of antiretroviral resistance mutations represents a major threat to the achievement of national and global goals for the elimination of HIV-1 infection. The global strategy in 2019 in Cte d'Ivoire is a new national policy for the management of people living with HIV with the administration of dolutegravir (DTG)-based fixed-dose combination. The aim of our study was to evaluate HIV-1 resistance to antiretrovirals (ARVs) in infected adult subjects in Cte d’Ivoire in the context of a systematic switch to a DTG-based combination. Between February 2022 and October 2023, a cross-sectional survey with random sampling was conducted in 06 services caring for people living with HIV. A total of 139 participants were included in the study. Adults with a viral load ≥ 1000 copies/mL were tested for HIV-1 ARV resistance mutations. Molecular analyses were performed using protocol of ANRS-MIE (National Agency for Research on AIDS and emerging infectious diseases). The interpretation is performed by HIVGRAD (https://www.hiv-grade.de/cms/grade/). The frequencies of HIV-1 resistance to non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), integrase inhibitors (IINTs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) were 82%, 73%, 19% and 11% respectively. The main mutations observed in the different classes were K103N (45%), M184V (64%), E157Q (19%) and L10V/M46I/A71V/I54V (6%) respectively. This study reveals the emergence of resistance to DTG-based fixed-dose combinations, favored by high rates of resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs. This finding underlines the need for enhanced viral load monitoring and HIV-1 genotyping tests to guide the choice of NRTIs for combination therapy. In addition, monitoring for mutations to second-generation NRTIs is essential, given the scale-up of DTG-based regimens currently underway in Cte d’Ivoire.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2018YFD0901506,2018YFD0900305)the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2018 SDKJ0406-3)。
文摘Insertional mutation,phenotypic evaluation,and mutated gene cloning are widely used to clone genes from scratch.Exogenous genes can be integrated into the genome during non-homologous end joining(NHEJ)of the double-strand breaks of DNA,causing insertional mutation.The random insertional mutant library constructed using this method has become a method of forward genetics for gene cloning.However,the establishment of a random insertional mutant library requires a high transformation efficiency of exogenous genes.Many microalgal species show a low transformation efficiency,making constructing random insertional mutant libraries difficult.In this study,we established a highly efficient transformation method for constructing a random insertional mutant library of Nannochloropsis oceanica,and tentatively tried to isolate its genes to prove the feasibility of the method.A gene that may control the growth rate and cell size was identified.This method will facilitate the genetic studies of N.oceanica,which should also be a reference for other microalgal species.
文摘TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in most cancer types and has been extensively studied in cancer research.p53 plays a critical role in regulating the expression of target genes and is involved in key processes such as apoptosis,cell cycle regulation,and genomic stability,earning it the title“guardian of the genome.”Numerous studies have demonstrated p53’s influence on and regulation of autophagy,ferroptosis,the tumor microenvironment,and cell metabolism,all of which contribute to tumor suppression.Alterations in p53,specifically mutant p53(mutp53),not only impair its tumor-suppressing functions but also enhance oncogenic characteristics.Recent data indicate that mutp53 is strongly associated with poor prognosis and advanced cancers,making it an ideal target for the development of novel cancer therapies.This review summarizes the post-translational modifications of p53,the mechanisms of mutp53 accumulation,and its gain-of-function,based on previous findings.Additionally,this review discusses its impact on metabolic homeostasis,ferroptosis,genomic instability,the tumor microenvironment,and cancer stem cells,and highlights recent advancements in mutp53 research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32241042 and 31771807)the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFF1000103)+1 种基金the China Agricultural Research System (CARS-06-04)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘Chlorophyll (Chl) content,especially Chl b content,and stomatal conductance (G_s) are the key factors affecting the net photosynthetic rate (P_n).Setaria italica,a diploid C_4 panicoid species with a simple genome and high transformation efficiency,has been widely accepted as a model in photosynthesis and drought-tolerance research.The current study characterized Chl content,G_s,and P_n of 48 Setaria mutants induced by ethyl methanesulfonate.A total of 24,34,and 35 mutants had significant variations in Chl content,G_s,and P_n,respectively.Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between increased G_s and increased P_n,and a weak correlation between decreased Chl b content and decreased P_n was also found.Remarkably,two mutants behaved with significantly decreased Chl b content but increased P_n compared to Yugu 1.Seven mutants behaved with significantly decreased G_s but did not decrease P_(n )compared to Yugu 1.The current study thus identified various genetic lines,further exploration of which would be beneficial to elucidate the relationship between Chl content,G_s,and P_n and the mechanism underlying why C_4 species are efficient at photosynthesis and water saving.
基金funded by the Basic Scientific Research Special Project for Fujian Provincial Public Research Institutes(2020R10310011,2019R1031-12)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001577)+4 种基金the Foreign Cooperation Projects for FAAS(DWHZ2021-20)the Opening Foundation of Fujian Key Laboratory for Vegetable Breeding(FJVRC2020-02)the Free Explore Program for FAAS(ZYTS2019007)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Program(2018GXNSFDA281027)the Science and Technology Innovative Team in Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXTD2021008-3).
文摘Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)is an oil and economic crop of vital importance,and peanut pod is the key organ influencing the yield and processing quality.Hence,the Pod-related traits(PRTs)are considered as important agronomic traits in peanut breeding.To broaden the variability of PRTs in current peanut germplasms,three elite peanut cultivars were used to construct Ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)-induced mutant libraries in this study.The optimal EMS treatment conditions for the three peanut varieties were determined.It was found that the median lethal dose(LD50)of EMS treatment varied greatly among different genotypes.Finally,the EMS-induced peanut mutant libraries were constructed and a total of 124 mutant lines for PRTs were identified and evaluated.Furthermore,“M-8070”,one of the mutant lines for pod constriction,was re-sequenced via high-throughput sequencing technology.The genome-wide variations between“M-8070”and its wild parent“Fuhua 8”(FH 8)were detected.2994 EMS-induced single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and 1188 insertion-deletions(InDels)between“M-8070”and its wild parent were identified.The predominant SNP mutation type was C/G to T/A transitions,while the predominant InDel mutation type was“1-bp”.We analyzed the distribution of identified mutations and annotated their functions.Most of the mutations(91.68%of the SNPs and 77.69%of the InDels)were located in the intergenic region.72 SNPs were identified in the exonic region,leading to 27 synonymous,43 nonsynonymous and 2 stop-gain variation for gene structure.13 Indels were identified in the exonic region,leading to 4 frame-shift,8 non-frame-shift and 1 stop-gain variations of genes.These mutations may lead to the phenotypic variation of“M-8070”.Our study provided valuable resources for peanut improvement and functional genomic research.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Youth Science Foundation Project(Grant Number 32002031)the Basic Scientific Research Operating Expenses of Provincial College in Heilongjiang Province,China(Grant Numbers 2020-KYYWF-1026,2020-KYYWF-1027)the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number LH2020C090).
文摘The phenotype of a common bean plant is often closely related to its yield,and the yield of plants with reduced height or poor stem development during growth is low.Mutants serve as an essential gene resource for common bean breeding genetic research.Although model plants and crops are studied to comprehend the molecular mechanisms and genetic basis of plant phenotypes,the molecular mechanism of phenotypic variation in common beans remains underexplored.We here used the mutant‘nts’as material for transcriptome sequencing analysis.This mutant was obtained through 60Co-γirradiation from the common bean variety‘A18’.Differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in GO functional entries such as cell wall organization,auxin response and transcription factor activity.Metabolic pathways significantly enriched in KEGG analysis included plant hormone signal transduction pathways,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways,and fructose and mannose metabolic pathways.AUX1(Phvul.001G241500),the gene responsible for auxin transport,may be the key gene for auxin content inhibition.In the plant hormone signal transduction pathway,AUX1 expression was downregulated and auxin transport across the membrane was blocked,resulting in stunted growth of the mutant‘nts’.The results provide important clues for revealing the molecular mechanism of‘nts’phenotype regulation in bean mutants and offer basic materials for breeding beneficial phenotypes of bean varieties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32072049)Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology,China(Grant No.20210208).
文摘An EMS(ethy methanesulfonate)-induced lethal etiolated(le)mutant obtained from the rice variety Zhongjian 100 was characterized by lethal etiolated phenotypes,with significantly reduced levels of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll,and carotenoids.Additionally,the mutant displayed a significantly decreased number of chloroplast grana,along with irregular and less-stacked grana lamellae.The le mutant showed markedly diminished root length,root surface area,and root volume compared with the wild type.It also exhibited significantly lower catalase activity and total protein content,while peroxidase activity was significantly higher.Using the map-based cloning method,we successfully mapped the LE gene to a 48-kb interval between markers RM16107 and RM16110 on rice chromosome 3.A mutation(from T to C)was identified at nucleotide position 692 bp of LOC_Os03g59640(ChlD),resulting in a change from leucine to proline.By crossing HM133(a pale green mutant with a single-base substitution of A for G in exon 10 of ChlD subunit)with a heterozygous line of le(LEle),we obtained two plant lines heterozygous at both the LE and HM133 loci.Among 15 transgenic plants,3 complementation lines displayed normal leaf color with significantly higher total chlorophyll,chlorophyll a,and chlorophyll b contents.The mutation in le led to a lethal etiolated phenotype,which has not been observed in other ChlD mutants.The mutation in the AAA+domain of ChlD disrupted the interaction of ChlDle with ChlI as demonstrated by a yeast two-hybrid assay,leading to the loss of ChlD function and hindering chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development.Consequently,this disruption is responsible for the lethal etiolated phenotype in the mutant.
