Research on Opportunity-Driven Redesign Process to Cooperate With Training Innovative Engineers in China

Many design engineers in cross-domain industries have attended training classes of TRIZ to improve their innovative abilities in China. Most of them are successful, but others are not. So the latest target of the trainers is to improve the training process used now in industry in China and to make the engineers to understand the basic principles of TRIZ better. Based on the mass-engineer-oriented training model(MEOTM) and mechanical engineers’ design cases, a relationship between managing activities about the opportunities for innovation and the training process is set up. It is shown that the inventive problems come first from opportunity searching for engineers. A training and gate system for evaluation is developed to involve the managing activities of the companies in the training process. Then comparison between the general analogous process and the application of TRIZ is made, which shows the advantages and depth principles of TRIZ for the engineers to apply them confidently. Lastly a new process is formed in which opportunity searching, engineers training, inventive problems identifying and solving,and three redesign paths are connected seamlessly. The research proposes an opportunity-driven redesign path that cooperates the training and opportunity searching, which will be applied in future training classes to make more and more engineers to follow.

EFL Learner-Focused Curriculum Redesign,Implementation and Evaluation——a case from China Agricultural University

The paper investigates the learner-focused English as a Foreign Langue(EFL) curricular innovation in China Agricultural University(referred to as CAU in the following text) from the perspectives of curricular formulation,implementation and evaluation of EFL learning & teaching in the one-year duration from Autumn semester of 2016 to Spring semester of 2017.A discussion of the effects of the curricular restructuring is presented.

Redesigned Surface Based Machining Strategy and Method in Peripheral Milling of Thin-walled Parts

Currently, simultaneously ensuring the machining accuracy and efficiency of thin-walled structures especially high performance parts still remains a challenge. Existing compensating methods are mainly focusing on 3-aixs machining, which sometimes only take one given point as the compensative point at each given cutter location. This paper presents a redesigned surface based machining strategy for peripheral milling of thin-walled parts. Based on an improved cutting force/heat model and finite element method（FEM） simulation environment, a deflection error prediction model, which takes sequence of cutter contact lines as compensation targets, is established. And an iterative algorithm is presented to determine feasible cutter axis positions. The final redesigned surface is subsequently generated by skinning all discrete cutter axis vectors after compensating by using the proposed algorithm. The proposed machining strategy incorporates the thermo-mechanical coupled effect in deflection prediction, and is also validated with flank milling experiment by using five-axis machine tool. At the same time, the deformation error is detected by using three-coordinate measuring machine. Error prediction values and experimental results indicate that they have a good consistency and the proposed approach is able to significantly reduce the dimension error under the same machining conditions compared with conventional methods. The proposed machining strategy has potential in high-efficiency precision machining of thin-walled parts.

Redesigned Duplex RT-qPCR for the Detection of GI and GII Human Noroviruses

Human noroviruses(HuNoVs)are major foodborne pathogens that cause nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide.As the tissue-culture system for HuNoVs is not mature enough for routine detection of the virus,detection is mainly dependent on molecular approaches such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RTqPCR).The widely used primers and probes for RT-qPCR were established in the early 2000s.As HuNoVs are highly variant viruses,viral genome mutations result in previously designed primers and/or probes that were perfectly matched working less efficiently over time.In this study,a new duplex RT-qPCR(ND-RT-qPCR)was designed for the detection of genogroup Ⅰ(GⅠ)and genogroup Ⅱ(GⅡ)HuNoVs based on an analysis of viral sequences added in the database after 2010.Using long transcribed viral RNAs,the results demonstrate that the sensitivity of ND-RT-qPCR is as low as one genomic copy for both GⅠ and GⅡ HuNoVs.The performance of ND-RT-qPCR was further evaluated by a comparison with the commonly used Kageyama primer/probe sets for RT-qPCR(Kageyama RT-qPCR)for 23 HuNoV-positive clinical samples.All five GⅠ samples were registered as positive by ND-RT-qPCR,whereas only two samples were registered as positive by Kageyama RT-qPCR.All 18 GⅡ samples were registered as positive by ND-RT-qPCR,while 17 samples were registered as positive by Kageyama RT-qPCR.The sensitivity reflected by the quantification cycle(Cq)value was lower in ND-RT-qPCR than in Kageyama RT-qPCR.Our data suggest that ND-RT-qPCR could be a good fit for the detection of current strains of HuNoVs.

The Influence of Residents’ Opinions on the Redesign of Urban Underground Streets: A Case Study from <i>Diyi</i>Underground Street

The rapid development of urbanization and rapid growth of urban population have brought about various urban problems, and the development of cities to the ground and underground has become an inevitable choice. Underground street is a kind of underground space types, and it is also an important urban recreational resources and tourism resources. The evaluation of underground street users, especially the residents and tourists, has important reference value for the recreational resources’ redevelopment of underground street. Firstly, this paper reviews the relevant research literature on underground street and Post-Occupancy Evaluation theory, then chooses Diyi Underground Street, Chengdu, China, as the research object, and conducts a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews on residents’ shopping intention from five dimensions of underground street environment, decoration, commercial form, public facilities and other aspects. Finally, the survey data are analyzed quantitatively. The results show that some influence factors such as air quality, daylighting, decoration style etc. greatly affect the willingness of residents to enter the street. Therefore, residents’ recreational experience should be emphasized during the underground street re-planning according to the above factors.

Fatigue Life Prediction of Horizontal Press Frame Based on Statistical Probability and Its Redesign

Horizontal press as an important part of hydro-forming machine is used to output the horizontal force to keep the high internal pressure during tube hydro-forming. However,the horizontal press frame is usually mounted on the press bed and not pre-stressed. Meanwhile it will be subjected to the reaction force caused by liquid pressure. Stresses are concentrated severely on the assemble region due to deformation,and total fatigue life will decrease. In order to predict the total fatigue life of the frame,the simulations are used firstly to determine to stress concentration region,and then strain gauge measurements are carried out under different loads. Next,the methods of statistical probability are conducted to calculate the fatigue life based on long-term load history. Finally a structure with the considerable longer fatigue life is redesigned.

Collaborative Supply Chain Management: A Critical Redesigning Factor

In improving the competitiveness of business organi sa tion in the 21st century, minimising cost and increasing productivity are no lon ger factors that could promise the success. The changes in customer trends whic h focusing more on product or service customising, high quality and short delive ry times are additional crucial factors that organisation should be aware of. T hese factors have direct relations on how the management could utilise the capab ility of its supply chain management (SCM). The importance of SCM in organisati on specifically to manufacturer is to play a vital role in managing the flow of material and information along the chain from suppliers to customers. In a trad itional way, SCM is mainly manage by the production department in organisation b ut with the advancement in information technology, resulted the changes in worki ng environment. One of the ways that could be implemented in decision making p rocess in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision is t hrough collaborative environment. Due to this situation, there is a need to rede sign the existing SCM in order to optimise its capability and functionality in t he way to ensure the organisation competitiveness is sustainable. A minor or ma jor alignment to SCM business processes should be done in order to streamline th e flow of information, which could also affect the flow of materials. Factors s uch as SCM operational, structural and even its managerial are among the issues that are critical in redesigning its business process. Each of these factors has its own attributes such as lead-times, complexity, frequency and organisationa l setting that could lead in improving organisational competitiveness. In additi on, by identifying these factors, it would help the management to plan and desig n the collaborative SCM that would effectively correspond to the changes in busi ness and customer trends. The intention of the paper is to promote a list of fa ctors and attributes, which are critical in redesigning an existing SCM in order to shift its environment to become collaborative SCM. By utilising these facto rs and attributes, a model for redesigning SCM into collaborative environment is currently developed by the author and will be used in the next stage of his res earch.

Using Rapid Prototyping Data to Enhance a Knowledge-Based Framework for Product Redesign

The particular characteristics of Rapid Prototyping technologies, both in terms of constrains and opportunities, often require the reconfiguration of the product model to obtain the best compliance with the product functionalities and performances. Within this field of research, a knowledge-based tool named Design GuideLines Collaborative Framework (DGLs-CF) was developed to support both the designers defining the product consistently with the manufacturing technologies and the manufacturers defining the building setup consistently with the product requirements. Present work is focused on enhancing the DGLs-CF knowledge base and on updating the DGLs-CF knowledge management by using the information gathered on some RP technologies. The added-value of this research is represented by an improvement in the Redesign/Reconfig- uration Package, the final result of the DGLs-CF adoption. This is a list of actions to be performed on the product model and on the process parameters to avoid the limitations of the technology and to exploit at best its opportunities.

Redesign of Functional <i>Kaba</i>(Blouse) Apparel for Ghanaian Breastfeeding Mothers

Kaba is considered to be a kind of traditional apparel worn by the women in Ghana. Though, it’s worn to accentuate female modesty, chastity and elegance among the women folks. The modern day woman faces a lot of physical and emotional challenges when it comes to breastfeeding. There is a need to redesign and improve upon the kaba apparel for breastfeeding purposes. This study, therefore, sought to redesign functional kaba apparel for breastfeeding mothers. Based on the apparel design framework of Lamb and Kallal, design requirements were identified from breastfeeding mothers and incorporated into the designed apparel. Five prototype designs were made and tested by three selected mothers towards effective breastfeeding. Findings revealed that the prototype apparels made of fasteners and openings in the horizontal, diagonal and vertical directions with zippers and buttons were said to be suitable, comfortable to use and hence acceptable for implementation. This added functional part of the apparel boosted the comfort and confidence of the mother without compromising on their expressive values.

The Redesign of the Business Model Based on the Structural Perspective

At present, whether internally or abroad, whether in the theory or business, there is a lack of a unified understanding about the basic concepts of structural system and theoretical category of enterprise business model, and its theoretical analysis framework has not been built up, it is the exploratory phase of the model research in the mass. This study aims to analyze the formation mechanism, action mechanism, and evolution mechanism about the business model from the perspective of structure, and designs the enterprise business model architecture and forms a system, besides, explores approaches and strategies about enterprise carrying out business model innovation, and does beneficial bedding in order to use and improve the theoretical system in the process of the enterprise management practice. The significance of this study is to provide analytical methods and tools for the business model questions in the enterprise management practice. This paper firstly defined the connotation of enterprise business model and summarized the seven characteristics of the corporate business model. On the basis of outlining the enterprise business model design theory, the structural design of the corporate business model is mainly discussed. This paper designed the structure of the business model on modular perspective, proposed four constituent units and nine elements of enterprise business model structure system. Through the design of the enterprise business model structure and analysis of the elements that constitute structure, provide the basis for the transformation of innovative enterprise business model, or both enterprise business models, avoid the lack of elements of the enterprise business model structure and lead to business failure. Finally, the paper concludes with the five core strategies for the implementation of the enterprise business model design.

Characteristics of User Redesign Process： A Study of Changes Made by Users in Architect-Designed Housing

Housing is dynamic. It changes with time. A sample of 60 houses in the Shagari Low Cost housing scheme in Kanra Namoda was studied in order to find out the characteristics of changes made by the users. Physical observations and questionnaires were used as the major instruments of data collection. The results show that 91% of occupants have made various changes to the original designs without the help of professional designers, and some of the changes have completely transformed the outlook of the houses in locational planning, materials and form. This implies that a post architectural design phase exists, suggesting that the design process can be divided into two phases; the initial design by the architect and the subsequent redesign by the user. The paper presents preliminary findings on the general characteristics of user redesign and concludes that a clear process can be established. The architectural design process can, therefore, be expanded to include the user redesign process in order to reflect the entire lifespan of the building.

Redesign of Motorized and Non-motorized Transport in Cities and Sustainable Mobility

Redesign of motorized and non-motorized transport in cities and sustainable mobility possibilities and utilization of already occupied areas for motorized and non-motorized transport in cities. Reserved area for public transport may be the redesign much more to take advantage of without taking up new space in cities. Redesigned solutions shown in the work of public mass transport and the redesign of non-motorized transport, bicycle and pedestrian paths point to the improved use and safety of movement of passengers, cyclists and pedestrians. This paper presents five redesigned concept designs as improving existing forms of transport and movement of cyclists and pedestrians in cities. Redesigned conceptual designs of motorized and non-motorized transport in cities should serve as ideas for the growing problems of urban development in the segment of insufficient surface for pedestrians and cyclists, as well as sustainable mobility transport people in the city.

AlphaFold-guided redesign of a plant pectin methylesterase inhibitor for broad-spectrum disease resistance

Plant cell walls are a critical site where plants and pathogens continuously struggle for physiological domi-nance.Here we show that dynamic remodeling of pectin methylesterification of plant cell walls is a compo-nent of the physiological and co-evolutionary struggles between hosts and pathogens.A pectin methyles-terase(PsPME1)secreted by Phytophthora sojae decreases the degree of pectin methylesterification,thus synergizing with an endo-polygalacturonase(PsPG1)to weaken plant cell walls.To counter PsPME1-mediated susceptibility,a plant-derived pectin methylesterase inhibitor protein,GmPMl1,protects pectin to maintain a high methylesterification status.GmPMl1 protects plant cell walls from enzymatic degrada-tion by inhibiting both soybean and P.sojae pectin methylesterases during infection.However,constitutive expression of GmPMl1 disrupted the trade-off between host growth and defense responses.We therefore used AlphaFold structure tools to design a modified form of GmPMI1(GmPMI1R)that specifically targets and inhibits pectin methylesterases secreted from pathogens but notfrom plants.Transient expression of GmPMi1R enhanced plant resistance to oomycete and fungal pathogens.In summary,our work highlights the biochemical modification of the cell wall as an important focal point in the physiological and co-evolutionary conflict between hosts and microbes,providing an important proof of concept that Al-driven structure-based tools can accelerate the development of new strategies for plant protection.

基于感觉统合理论的听障儿童PSST沉浸式学习空间设计

特殊教育作为国家教育体系的重要组成部分,对实现中国式教育现代化具有重要意义。信息技术的有效应用是提升特殊教育质量的手段之一,如充分发挥信息技术的多感知觉刺激作用,在听障儿童的认知智能教育早有广泛的实践应用,然而现有的学习空间还不足以支持听障儿童技能有效发展,缺乏理论框架以支撑、引导相关的学习实践。基于此,文章以感觉统合理论(Sensory Integration Theory,SIT)为指导,强调统合外部环境与听障儿童内在感受,提出针对听障儿童特殊认知特征的沉浸式学习空间PSST框架,以实现“教育”“社会”“空间”“技术”四要素的深度融合,并依据此框架面向聋校3~6年级学生设计了“购买商品”沉浸式学习案例,以期为听障儿童感知觉能力的发展提供技术解决方案,并为同类研究提供实践参考。

海派家具中腿的形制分析及再设计

自上海开埠以来,在西方生活方式的影响下,海派家具创新性地融入西洋家具的功能、风格和装饰。相比于明式家具,海派家具的腿部造型吸纳了欧洲洛可可、巴洛克的装饰风格,引进了机械化的生产方式,具有了中西合璧的特色。文章首先对明式家具与海派家具的腿部造型进行比较分析,从符号学的视角对海派家具腿部造型进行解读;其次从材料、技术、文化3个维度对影响海派家具的腿部造型因素进行了探讨;最后运用黄金比例设计法则探索点、线、面的造型表达,对海派家具的腿形进行再设计,以期能对现代家具的腿部造型设计提供一些参考。

基于再设计出院模式的多维度延续性护理在糖尿病视网膜病变患者中的应用效果

目的:观察基于再设计出院(RED)模式的多维度延续性护理在糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年1月至2022年7月该院收治的98例DR患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组各49例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施基于RED模式的多维度延续性护理,比较两组护理依从性、护理前后自我管理能力[成年人健康自我管理能力测评量表(AHSMSRS)]评分及视功能相关生命质量[视功能相关生存质量量表(VFQ-25)]评分。结果:护理1、3个月后,两组护理依从性评分均高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理后,两组AHSMSRS评分均高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组VFQ-25评分均高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于RED模式的多维度延续性护理应用于DR患者,可提高患者护理依从性和自我管理能力,改善视功能水平,效果优于常规护理。

打造新型阅读空间,创建未来学习中心--以高校图书馆空间再造为例

高等教育的变革影响和引导着高校图书馆空间形态的创新转变和角色功能的重新定位。高校图书馆未来学习中心的空间再造具有系统性、开放性、融合性、多元性和场景化特征,再造后的空间支持自主学习、教育教学、创新创造、数字学术、文化阅读等。高校图书馆空间再造不是原有空间的简单升级,而需从顶层设计、技术支持、场景构建、人员培养等方面进行思考和探索。

莫里斯符号学视角下的长沙窑陶瓷纹饰再设计探究

长沙窑开创了中国陶瓷彩绘的先河,同时在陶瓷纹饰方面也多彩纷呈。本文基于查尔斯·莫里斯符号学研究理论,通过分析长沙窑陶瓷纹饰符号的语义、语形、语用三维度的探究;将陶瓷纹饰设计流程确立为明确文化、设计文化、传播文化符号几个阶段。深入了解陶瓷纹饰设计背后隐藏的符号要素,确立“分析纹饰符号,推广陶瓷产品”的要务;提升长沙窑陶瓷纹饰的文化隐喻价值,打造出具有地方特色、文化赋能、多维价值的陶瓷产品,为后续长沙窑陶瓷产品的发展提供有效借鉴。

对海检测板的国产化设计

介绍了某雷达对海检测板的国产化设计,对可编程阵列逻辑(FPGA)和总线驱动芯片周围部分硬件电路进行重新设计,对软件语言进行翻译,并完成了整机试验验证。新设计的对海检测板国产化率达到100%。

“在场”与“迷津”:导视系统“大设计”的开始与再设计

目的创新时代以降,导视系统设计局限于传统意义上的方法与手段,被禁锢于单一学科,导致千城一面、同质化严重现象,缺乏多元的融合、渗透。重构导视系统“大设计”观,为目前导视系统设计研究提供新思路和研究参考。方法从“大设计”来看,其设计作为融合媒介,进行多学科的扩容、分离、跨界、融合并多向演进,向驱动创新的新范式转型,重置设计思路与流程,重审身边之设计,以再设计赋予新的形式与功能,淡化设计分割,重置设计原点,探寻设计流程优先级与社会文化价值,并进一步用案例验证其科学性与可行性。结论唯有对导视系统进行全面且细致的把握,运用“大设计”研究与策略,方能赋予导视系统新的角色与使命,倡导行动、创意与变革,于“在场”中探寻破除“迷津”的有效路径与设计指南。