Effect of barium on reducibility and activity for cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts

Barium modified Co/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation.The catalysts were characterized by XRD,TPD and DRIFTS.The catalytic activity for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was measured in a continuously stirred tank reactor.It was found that small amounts of BaO（≤2 wt%） improved the cobalt reducibility,which led to more cobalt active sites on the catalyst surface,and then resulted in higher CO conversion and C5＋ selectivity.However,for the catalysts with high BaO loadings negative effects on the catalytic activity and selectivity for high hydrocarbons were observed because of low cobalt reducibility.

ON REDUCIBILITY OF THE SELF-HOMOTOPY EQUIVALENCES OF WEDGE SPACES

Reducibility of the self-homotopy equivalences of wedge spaces is studied and some conditions implying the reducibility are obtained.

Numerical Analysis of Blast Furnace Performance Under Charging Iron-Bearing Burdens With High Reducibility

The reducibility of iron-bearing burdens was emphasized for improving the operation efficiency of blast furnace. The blast furnace operation of charging the burdens with high reducibility has been numerically evaluated using a multi-fluid blast furnace model. The effects of reaction rate constants and diffusion coefficients were investigated separately or simultaneously for clarifying the variations of furnace state. According to the model simulation results, in the upper zone, the indirect reduction of the burdens proceeds at a faster rate and the shaft efficiency is enhanced with the improvement under the conditions of interface reaction and intra-particle diffusion. In the lower zone, direct reduction in molten slag is restrained. As a consequence, CO utilization of top gas is enhanced and the ratio of direct reduction is decreased. It is possible to achieve higher energy efficiency of the blast furnace, and this is represented by the improvement in productivity and the decrease in consumption of reducing agent. The use of high-reducibility burdens contributes to a better performance of blast furnace. More efforts are necessary to develop and apply highreducibility sinter and carbon composite agglomerates for practical application at a blast furnace.

Improvement of Gold to Reducibility of La-Ce-Mn Catalyst under Lean Combustion

The effect of Au on the reducibility of La Ce Mn catalyst was studied in the synthetic exhaust gas mixture containing 10% oxygen. The characteristics of samples were analyzed by BET, SEM, XRD and activity evaluation. The results show that, in lean combustion, the performance of perovskite type catalysts is evidently enhanced through adding Au, and specially a satisfying reducibility for NO x is demonstrated between 300～500 ℃. The catalytic activity of samples increases with the loading amount of Au, and the maximum conversion rate for NO x decomposition reaches up to 47% in 360～400 ℃. Moreover, the dispersivity and uniformity of the surface distribution of perovskite with Au have an important influence on the catalytic activity.

High Temperature, High Reducibility and Low Productivity of the Paleoceanographic Environment in the P/T, Tethys

In the Permian–Triassic geological history,the Tibet Tethys domain deposited continuous marine carbonate strata and recorded information related to the largest bioextinct events in the life history of the earth(JiChangjun,2018).The complete Permian–Triassic conodont sequence has been established in the northern margin of the Coqin Basin(Zhou Liqian,2012),which provides a time scale for the study of the paleoceanographic environment evolution in the Tibet Tethys field at the turn of the P/T.This work selected the total organic carbon and sulfur content of the rocks,carbon and oxygen isotopes of carbonate rocks,and the organic carbon isotope index system to study the evolution of the paleo marine environment in this period.

On Reducibility of Beam Equation with Quasi-periodic Forcing Potential

In this paper, the Dirichlet boundary value problems of the nonlinear beam equation utt ＋ △^2u ＋ αu ＋ εφ（t）（u ＋ u^3） = 0 , α 〉 0 in the dimension one is considered, where u（t,x） and φ（t） are analytic quasi-periodic functions in t, and e is a small positive real-number parameter. It is proved that the above equation admits a small-amplitude quasi-periodic solution. The proof is based on an infinite dimensional KAM iteration procedure.

On the Reducibility of a Class of Linear Almost Periodic Differential Equations

In this paper, we use KAM methods to prove that there are positive measure Cantor sets such that for small perturbation parameters in these Cantor sets a class of almost periodic linear differential equations are reducible.

An Algorithm for Reducibility of 3-arrangements

We consider a central hyperplane arrangement in a three-dimensional vector space. The definition of characteristic form to a hyperplane arrangement is given and we could make use of characteristic form to judge the reducibility of this arrangement. In addition, the relationship between the reducibility and freeness of a hyperplane arrangement is given

Toric Heaps, Cyclic Reducibility, and Conjugacy in Coxeter Groups

In 1986, G.X. Viennot introduced the theory of heaps of pieces as a visualization of Cartier and Foata’s “partially commutative monoids”. These are essentially labeled posets satisfying a few additional properties, and one natural setting where they arise is as models of reduced words in Coxeter groups. In this paper, we introduce a cyclic version of a heap, which loosely speaking, can be thought of as taking a heap and wrapping it into a cylinder. We call this object a toric heap, because we formalize it as a labeled toric poset, which is a cyclic version of an ordinary poset. Defining the category of toric heaps leads to the notion of certain morphisms such as toric extensions. We study toric heaps in Coxeter theory, because a cyclic shift of a reduced word is simply a conjugate by an initial or terminal generator. As such, we formalize and study a framework that we call cyclic reducibility in Coxeter theory, which is closely related to conjugacy. We introduce what it means for elements to be torically reduced, which is a stronger condition than simply being cyclically reduced. Along the way, we encounter a new class of elements that we call torically fully commutative (TFC), which are those that have a unique cyclic commutativity class, and comprise a strictly bigger class than the cyclically fully commutative (CFC) elements. We prove several cyclic analogues of results on fully commutative (FC) elements due to Stembridge. We conclude with how this framework fits into recent work in Coxeter groups, and we correct a minor flaw in a few recently published theorems.

Reducibility of Periodic Quasi-Periodic Systems

In this work, the reducibility of quasi-periodic systems with strong parametric excitation is studied. We first applied a special case of Lyapunov-Perron (L-P) transformation for time periodic system known as the Lyapunov-Floquet (L-F) transformation to generate a dynamically equivalent system. Then, we used the quasi-periodicnear-identity transformation to reduce this dynamically equivalent system to a constant coefficient system by solving homological equations via harmonic balance. In this process, we obtained the reducibility/resonance conditions that needed to be satisfied to convert a quasi-periodic system in to a constant one. Assuming the reducibility is possible, we obtain the L-P transformation that can transform original quasi-periodic system into a system with constant coefficients. Two examples are presented that show the application of this approach.

Reducibility for a Class of Two-Dimensional almost Periodic System with Small Perturbation

This paper focuses on the reducibility of two-dimensional almost periodic system with small perturbation. We use the KAM iterative method to get the reducibility by an almost periodic transformation. The system has been reduced to a simple form. So we have dealt with the small perturbation problem of the almost periodic system.

MOSSBAUER STUDY ON REDUCIBILITY OF SUPPORTED Eu2O3

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REDUCIBILITY FOR A CLASS OF ANALYTIC MULTIPLIERS ON SOBOLEV DISK ALGEBRA

We prove the reducibility of analytic multipliers M_(φ)with a class of finite Blaschke products symbolφon the Sobolev disk algebra R(D).We also describe their nontrivial minimal reducing subspaces.

The Essential Spectrum and Banach Reducibility of Operator Weighted Shifts

For an operator weighted shift S,the essential spectrum σ_e(S) and the indices associated with holes in σ_e(S) are described.Moreover,Banach reducibility of S is investigated and a condition for S~* to be a Cowen-Douglas operator is characterized.

An Improved Result for Positive Measure Reducibility of Quasi-periodic Linear Systems

In this paper, by the KAM method, under weaker small denominator conditions and nondegeneracy conditions, we prove a positive measure reducibility for quasi-periodic linear systems close to constant： X = （A（λ） ＋ F（ψ, λ））X, ψ=ωwhere the parameter λ∈ （a, b）, w is a fixed Diophantine vector, which is a generalization of jorba ＆ Simo＇s positive measure reducibility result.

Gelfand–Kirillov Dimension and Reducibility of Scalar Generalized Verma Modules

The Gelfand–Kirillov dimension is an invariant which can measure the size of infinitedimensional algebraic structures. In this article, we show that it can also measure the reducibility of scalar generalized Verma modules. In particular, we use it to determine the reducibility of scalar generalized Verma modules associated with maximal parabolic subalgebras in the Hermitian symmetric case.

The effect of glutathione on glucosinolate biosynthesis through the sulfur assimilation pathway in pakchoi associated with the growth conditions

Glucosinolates(GSLs) are a group of nitrogen-and sulfur-containing secondary metabolites, synthesized primarily in members of the Brassicaceae family, that play an important role in food flavor, plant antimicrobial activity, resistance to insect attack, stress tolerance, and human anti-cancer effects. As a sulfur-containing compound, glutathione has a strong connection with GSLs biosynthesis as a sulfur donor or redox system, and exists in reduced(glutathione;GSH) and oxidized(glutathione disulfide;GSSG) forms. However, the mechanism of GSH regulating GSLs biosynthesis remainds unclear. Hence, the exogenous therapy to pakchoi under normal growth condition and sulfur deficiency condition were conducted in this work to explore the relevant mechanism. The results showed that exogenous application of buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, decreased the transcript levels of GSLs synthesis-related genes and transcription factors, as well as sulfur assimilation-related genes under the normal growth condition. Application of exogenous GSH inhibited the expression of GSLs synthesis-and sulfur assimilation-related genes under the normal condition, while the GSLs biosynthesis and the sulfur assimilation pathway were activated by exogenous application of GSH when the content of GSH in vivo of plants decreased owing to sulfur deficiency. Moreover,exogenous application of GSSG increased the transcript levels of GSLs synthesis-and sulfur assimilation-related genes under the normal growth condition and under sulfur deficiency. The present work provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of GSLs biosynthesis underlying glutathione regulation.

Tracking Regulatory Mechanism of Trace Fe on Graphene Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

Polarization and conductance losses are the fundamental dielectric attenuation mechanisms for graphene-based absorbers, but it is not fully understood in revealing the loss mechanism of affect graphene itself. For the first time, the reduced graphene oxide(RGO) based absorbers are developed with regulatory absorption properties and the absorption mechanism of RGO is mainly originated from the carrier injection behavior of trace metal Fe nanosheets on graphene. Accordingly, the minimum reflection loss(RLmin) of Fe/RGO-2composite reaches-53.38 dB(2.45 mm), and the effective absorption bandwidth achieves 7.52 GHz(2.62 mm) with lower filling loading of 2 wt%. Using off-axis electron hologram testing combined with simulation calculation and carrier transport property experiments, we demonstrate here the carrier injection behavior from Fe to graphene at the interface and the induced charge accumulation and rearrangement, resulting in the increased interfacial and dipole polarization and the conductance loss. This work has confirmed that regulating the dielectric property of graphene itself by adding trace metals can not only ensure good impedance matching, but also fully exploit the dielectric loss ability of graphene at low filler content,which opens up an efficient way for designing lightweight absorbers and may be extended to other types materials.

A guidance and control design with reduced information for a dual-spin stabilized projectile

In this paper,an integrated guidance and control method based on an adaptive path-following controller is proposed to control a spin-stabilized projectile with only translational motion information under the constraint of an actuator,uncertainties in aerodynamic parameters and measurements,and control system complexity.Owing to the fairly high rotation speed,the dynamic model of this missile is strongly nonlinear,uncertain and coupled in pitch,yaw and roll channels.A theoretical equivalent resultant force and uncertainty compensation method are comprehensively used to realize decoupling of pitch and yaw.In response to the strong nonlinear and time-varying characteristics of the dynamic system,the quasi-linear model whose parameters are obtained by interpolation of points selected as the segmentation points in the trajectory envelope,is used for calculation in each step.To cope with the system uncertainty caused by model approximation,parameter uncertainty and ballistic interference,an extended state estimator is used to compensate the output feedback according to the test ballistic angle.In order to improve the tracking efficiency and ensure the tracking error convergence with only translational motion information,the virtual guide point,whose derivative is deduced according to the Lyapunov principle,is calculated in real time according to the projection relationship between the real-time position and the reference trajectory,and a virtual line-of-sight angle and the backstepping method are used for the design of the guidance and control system.In order to avoid the influence of control input saturation on the guidance and control performance due to the actuator limitation and improve the robustness of the system,an anti-saturation compensator is designed according to the two-step method.The feasibility and effectiveness of the path-following controller is verified through closed-loop flight simulations with measurement,control,and condition uncertainties.The results indicate that the designed controller can converge to the reference path and evidently decrease the distance between the impact point and target under different uncertainties.

Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond Improved Durability and Kinetics for Zinc‑Organic Batteries

Organic compounds have the advantages of green sustainability and high designability,but their high solubility leads to poor durability of zinc-organic batteries.Herein,a high-performance quinone-based polymer(H-PNADBQ)material is designed by introducing an intramolecular hydrogen bonding(HB)strategy.The intramolecular HB(C=O⋯N-H)is formed in the reaction of 1,4-benzoquinone and 1,5-naphthalene diamine,which efficiently reduces the H-PNADBQ solubility and enhances its charge transfer in theory.In situ ultraviolet-visible analysis further reveals the insolubility of H-PNADBQ during the electrochemical cycles,enabling high durability at different current densities.Specifically,the H-PNADBQ electrode with high loading(10 mg cm^(-2))performs a long cycling life at 125 mA g^(-1)(>290 cycles).The H-PNADBQ also shows high rate capability(137.1 mAh g^(−1)at 25 A g^(−1))due to significantly improved kinetics inducted by intramolecular HB.This work provides an efficient approach toward insoluble organic electrode materials.