Intelligent Dynamic Heterogeneous Redundancy Architecture for IoT Systems

The conventional dynamic heterogeneous redundancy(DHR)architecture suffers from the security threats caused by the stability differences and similar vulnerabilities among the executors.To overcome these challenges,we propose an intelligent DHR architecture,which is more feasible by intelligently combining the random distribution based dynamic scheduling algorithm(RD-DS)and information weight and heterogeneity based arbitrament(IWHA)algorithm.In the proposed architecture,the random distribution function and information weight are employed to achieve the optimal selection of executors in the process of RD-DS,which avoids the case that some executors fail to be selected due to their stability difference in the conventional DHR architecture.Then,through introducing the heterogeneity to restrict the information weights in the procedure of the IWHA,the proposed architecture solves the common mode escape issue caused by the existence of multiple identical error output results of similar vulnerabilities.The experimental results characterize that the proposed architecture outperforms in heterogeneity,scheduling times,security,and stability over the conventional DHR architecture under the same conditions.

Multi-Label Feature Selection Based on Improved Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm with Dynamic Redundancy and Label Dependence

The world produces vast quantities of high-dimensional multi-semantic data.However,extracting valuable information from such a large amount of high-dimensional and multi-label data is undoubtedly arduous and challenging.Feature selection aims to mitigate the adverse impacts of high dimensionality in multi-label data by eliminating redundant and irrelevant features.The ant colony optimization algorithm has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in multi-label feature selection,because of its simplicity,efficiency,and similarity to reinforcement learning.Nevertheless,existing methods do not consider crucial correlation information,such as dynamic redundancy and label correlation.To tackle these concerns,the paper proposes a multi-label feature selection technique based on ant colony optimization algorithm(MFACO),focusing on dynamic redundancy and label correlation.Initially,the dynamic redundancy is assessed between the selected feature subset and potential features.Meanwhile,the ant colony optimization algorithm extracts label correlation from the label set,which is then combined into the heuristic factor as label weights.Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed strategies can effectively enhance the optimal search ability of ant colony,outperforming the other algorithms involved in the paper.

Survivability model of LEO satellite constellation based on GERT with limited backup resources

Survivability is used to evaluate the ability of the satellite to complete the mission after failure,while the duration of maintaining performance is often ignored.An effective backup strategy can restore the constellation performance timely,and maintain good network communication performance in case of satellite failure.From the perspective of network utility,the low Earth orbit(LEO)satellite constellation survivable graphical eva-luation and review technology(GERT)network with backup satel-lites is constructed.A network utility transfer function algorithm based on moment generating function and Mason formula is proposed,the network survivability evaluation models of on-orbit backup strategy and ground backup strategy are established.The survivable GERT model can deduce the expected mainte-nance time of LEO satellite constellation under different fault states and the network utility generated during the state mainte-nance period.The case analysis shows that the proposed surviv-able GERT model can consider the satellite failure rate,backup satellite replacement rate,maneuver control replacement ability and life requirement,and effectively determine the optimal sur-vivable backup strategy for LEO satellite constellation with limi-ted resources according to the expected network utility.

Analysis of wheel-rail adhesion redundancy considering the thirdbody medium on the rail surface

Purpose–In response to the problem of insufficient traction/braking adhesion force caused by the existence of the third-body medium on the rail surface,this study aims to analyze the utilization of wheel-rail adhesion coefficient under different medium conditions and propose relevant measures for reasonable and optimized utilization of adhesion to ensure the traction/braking performance and operation safety of trains.Design/methodology/approach–Based on the PLS-160 wheel-rail adhesion simulation test rig,the study investigates the variation patterns of maximum utilized adhesion characteristics on the rail surface under different conditions of small creepage and large slip.Through statistical analysis of multiple sets of experimental data,the statistical distribution patterns of maximum utilized adhesion on the rail surface are obtained,and a method for analyzing wheel-rail adhesion redundancy based on normal distribution is proposed.The study analyzes the utilization of traction/braking adhesion,as well as adhesion redundancy,for different medium under small creepage and large slip conditions.Based on these findings,relevant measures for the reasonable and optimized utilization of adhesion are derived.Findings–When the third-body medium exists on the rail surface,the train should adopt the low-level service braking to avoid the braking skidding by extending the braking distance.Compared with the current adhesion control strategy of small creepage,adopting appropriate strategies to control the train’s adhesion coefficient near the second peak point of the adhesion coefficient-slip ratio curve in large slip can effectively improve the traction/braking adhesion redundancy and the upper limit of adhesion utilization,thereby ensuring the traction/braking performance and operation safety of the train.Originality/value–Most existing studies focus on the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient values and variation patterns under different medium conditions,without considering whether the rail surface with different medium can provide sufficient traction/braking utilized adhesion coefficient for the train.Therefore,there is a risk of traction overspeeding/braking skidding.This study analyzes whether the rail surface with different medium can provide sufficient traction/braking utilized adhesion coefficient for the train and whether there is redundancy.Based on these findings,relevant measures for the reasonable and optimized utilization of adhesion are derived to further ensure operation safety of the train.

Novel Double Modular Redundancy Based Fault-Tolerant FIR Filter for Image Denoising

In signal processing and communication systems,digital filters are widely employed.In some circumstances,the reliability of those systems is crucial,necessitating the use of fault tolerant filter implementations.Many strategies have been presented throughout the years to achieve fault tolerance by utilising the structure and properties of the filters.As technology advances,more complicated systems with several filters become possible.Some of the filters in those complicated systems frequently function in parallel,for example,by applying the same filter to various input signals.Recently,a simple strategy for achieving fault tolerance that takes advantage of the availability of parallel filters was given.Many fault-tolerant ways that take advantage of the filter’s structure and properties have been proposed throughout the years.The primary idea is to use structured authentication scan chains to study the internal states of finite impulse response(FIR)components in order to detect and recover the exact state of faulty modules through the state of non-faulty modules.Finally,a simple solution of Double modular redundancy(DMR)based fault tolerance was developed that takes advantage of the availability of parallel filters for image denoising.This approach is expanded in this short to display how parallel filters can be protected using error correction codes(ECCs)in which each filter is comparable to a bit in a standard ECC.“Advanced error recovery for parallel systems,”the suggested technique,can find and eliminate hidden defects in FIR modules,and also restore the system from multiple failures impacting two FIR modules.From the implementation,Xilinx ISE 14.7 was found to have given significant error reduction capability in the fault calculations and reduction in the area which reduces the cost of implementation.Faults were introduced in all the outputs of the functional filters and found that the fault in every output is corrected.

Multi-Objective Redundancy Optimization of Continuous-Point Robot Milling Path in Shipbuilding

The 6-DOF manipulator provides a new option for traditional shipbuilding for its advantages of vast working space,low power consumption,and excellent flexibility.However,the rotation of the end effector along the tool axis is functionally redundant when using a robotic arm for five-axis machining.In the process of ship construction,the performance of the parts’protective coating needs to bemachined tomeet the Performance Standard of Protective Coatings(PSPC).The arbitrary redundancy configuration in path planning will result in drastic fluctuations in the robot joint angle,greatly reducing machining quality and efficiency.There have been some studies on singleobjective optimization of redundant variables,However,the quality and efficiency of milling are not affected by a single factor,it is usually influenced by several factors,such as the manipulator stiffness,the joint motion smoothness,and the energy consumption.To solve this problem,this paper proposed a new path optimization method for the industrial robot when it is used for five-axis machining.The path smoothness performance index and the energy consumption index are established based on the joint acceleration and the joint velocity,respectively.The path planning issue is formulated as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem by taking into account the constraints of joint limits and singularity avoidance.Then,the path is split into multiple segments for optimization to avoid the slow convergence rate caused by the high dimension.An algorithm combining the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA-II)and the differential evolution(DE)algorithm is employed to solve the above optimization problem.The simulations validate the effectiveness of the algorithm,showing the improvement of smoothness and the reduction of energy consumption.

Microcontroller Design Based on Dynamic Heterogeneous Redundancy Architecture

Redundancy control can effectively enhance the stability and robustness of a system.Based on the conventional redundancy control switchover and majority arbitration strategy,this paper introduces the concept of heterogeneity and dynamics,constructs a dynamic heterogeneous redundancy-based microcontroller architecture DHR-MCU,and designs a fixed-leader distributed consensus algorithm that satisfies the program running state control of this architecture.The theoretical analysis and actual measurement of the prototype system prove that this architecture has good anti-attack and self-recovery capabilities under normal functions and performances and meets the general robust features in terms of safety and security.

基于高通量测序技术分析不同窖龄窖泥真菌群落多样性与空间异质性

利用Illumina NovaSeq高通量测序、冗余分析和FUNGuild等方法对甘肃金徽酒10a和50a窖龄窖池及其不同空间位置窖泥的真菌群落结构、真菌菌群与理化因子之间的关系以及真菌功能预测等进行研究。结果表明,随着窖池深度的增加,10 a窖池窖泥的多样性和丰富度呈现降低趋势,50 a窖池窖泥的多样性整体呈现升高趋势,而丰富度则呈现先降低后升高趋势,其中10a窖池窖壁上层的多样性和丰富度均显著高于其他位置(P<0.05),而50a窖池窖底层的多样性和丰富度均显著高于其他位置(P<0.05)。10a窖池窖壁层的多样性和丰富度显著高于50a窖池(P<0.05),而50a窖底层的多样性和丰富度明显高于10a窖池(P<0.05)。所有窖泥样品共检测到21个真菌门和520个真菌属,其中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)和罗兹菌门(Rozellomycota)4个优势真菌门以及曲霉属(Aspergillus)和哈萨克斯坦酵母属(Kazachstania)等多数优势真菌属的相对丰度随窖池窖龄和空间位置的变化差异显著(P<0.05)。镰刀霉属(Fusarium)、Aspergillus、Kazachstania和红曲霉属(Monascus)与水分、腐殖质、K^(+)和Ca^(2+)含量呈正相关,枝孢菌属(Cladosporium)、维希尼克氏酵母属(Vishniacozyma)与pH值呈正相关。窖泥真菌营养类型主要有腐生营养型和病理-腐生-共生营养型等7种,功能类群包括4个单一功能群和7个混合功能群。通过系统分析不同窖龄窖池和空间位置的窖泥真菌群落多样性,为明确甘肃金徽酒窖泥的真菌群落结构及空间分布规律奠定了理论基础。

CRC校验码软件生成技术原理分析

循环冗余校验(Cyclic Redundancy Check,CRC)具有检错能力强,运算简单,易于直接用硬件数字电路实现的特点。在完善CRC校验码生成原理模型的基础上,研究了信息系统传输带CRC校验码数据包的一般过程,提出了三种计算数据包CRC校验码的技术方法,在ADI公司DSP软件集成开发仿真测试环境中,设计了一组嵌入式程序,生成了符合ITU组织CRC16 ITU-T V.41标准的CRC校验码码表,分析并总结了CRC校验码码表元素的工程含义和应用方法,研究了两种计算数据包CRC校验码工程实现方法的技术特点,并验证了它们的正确性、一致性和有效性。

变电站系统抗震冗余性量化方法

为定量评价冗余性对变电站系统抗震性能的影响,提出了基于状态树方法的系统抗震冗余性分析方法.首先,在功能单元层面提出了冗余度、冗余效果指标、冗余系数的定义;其次,给出了系统冗余度的线性加权组合和非线性加权组合计算方法,将功能单元的冗余度和冗余系数进行集成;最后,建立了系统冗余度和冗余效果指标之间的关联模型.结果表明,变电站系统的抗震性能与其冗余度呈正相关性,系统冗余度-冗余效果指标模型可采用过原点直线表达,斜率为系统性能指标最大增量与系统最大冗余度的比值.母线单元具有汇集、分配电能的作用,对进线单元、变压器单元的冗余作用具有提升效果.采用线性加权和非线性加权组合计算方法时,变电站系统的最大冗余度分别为0.870和0.980,系统冗余度-冗余效果指标模型的斜率分别为0.698 9和0.618 1.

税收激励、ESG绩效与企业价值——基于内外部互动视角

增强ESG(Environment,Social and Governance,环境、社会和企业治理)绩效已成为提升企业价值的新方式,而内外部良性互动是企业可持续发展的重要途径。使用2009—2022年中国上市公司数据,探究税收激励政策对企业ESG绩效的影响及其与外部市场监管、内部财务冗余的互动效应。实证结果表明:税收激励总体上能显著促进企业ESG绩效,经多种稳健性检验后结论仍然成立。考虑到企业内外部环境因素,资本市场监管程度较高或企业财务冗余较丰富时,税收激励对企业ESG绩效的提升作用更强,其中市场监督与税收激励的互动效应尤为显著。进一步研究表明,税收激励政策对制造业企业绿色转型的影响更明显。经济后果研究表明,税收激励能进一步促进ESG绩效对企业价值提升的作用。

面向商业航天卫星成本效益的三模冗余软错误防护技术:近似计算的实践

三模冗余(TMR)作为如今集成电路可靠性领域中最为常用且有效的软错误加固技术,在满足高容错要求之时,不可避免地牺牲了庞大的硬件损耗。为实现面积、功耗等硬件性能和容错电路加固能力的折中考虑,适应低成本高可靠性加固的时代需求,针对基于近似计算的三模冗余加固技术(ATMR)进行研究,该文提出一种基于近似门单元(ApxLib)的动态调整多目标优化框架(ApxLib+DAMOO)。首先,其基本优化框架采用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)实现,通过极性分析与预创建的近似库对电路实现快速近似。随后,该框架提出动态概率调整和极性扩张两种创新机制,根据可测性分析对遗传算法中门单元的突变概率进行动态更新,对双向门单元进行定向识别和重构,以实现寻优效率和寻优效果的双重优化。实验结果表明,该文提出的优化框架与传统NSGA-Ⅱ相比,在相同硬件损耗下可实现最大10%~20%的额外软错误率(SER)降低,且其执行时间平均降低18.7%。

风光储参与电网预防-紧急控制策略研究

基于风光储有功功率连续平滑调节能力,提出一种风光储协同切负荷优化的电网预防-紧急控制策略。首先,分析风光储参与电网预防-紧急控制原理,给出风光储参与电网预防-紧急控制策略。在故障发生前通过削减风光出力预留有功备用容量,通过调整发电机机组出力、储能充放电状态平抑风光出力改变引起的系统功率波动;在故障发生后,优先考虑风光预留有功备用量填补系统功率不平衡量,若风光预留有功备用量不足,则采取切负荷措施进行紧急控制。然后,综合考虑风光有功备用成本、预防、紧急控制措施成本,分别建立风光储参与电网预防、紧急控制模型,采用Matlab/CPLEX求解模型。最后在改进IEEE 39节点系统进行仿真验证本文所提控制策略的有效性。

生存进化阶段性搜索微粒群算法及其可靠性冗余分配优化应用

为高效解决含有异质冗余的多态系统(MSS)可靠性优化问题,并弥补微粒群优化(PSO)算法易早熟收敛的不足,从作用力方式和种群拓扑结构两方面对算法进行改进。改进PSO算法中单一的作用力方式,设置前后两个搜索阶段,对应两个搜索阶段分别构造平衡引斥力方式和双层引力(个体和全局最优解引力、中间适应度微粒引力)方式,提出阶段性搜索微粒群(SPSO)算法;利用生物个体“择友而交”和优胜劣汰的生存体系构建生存进化(SE)拓扑结构,以结构演化和算法进化并行方式将该拓扑结构融入SPSO算法,提出生存进化阶段性搜索微粒群(SPSO-SE)算法,进一步提升算法的优化性能;利用Benchmark函数对所提算法与PSO的改进算法进行测试对比,结果表明,所提SPSO-SE算法具有更好的寻优能力。采用SPSO-SE算法对串-并联和桥式结构的多态系统的可靠性冗余分配问题进行优化,得到的系统结构费用更低、可靠度更高。

基于PLC冗余控制的微机励磁调节控制系统设计

为满足中小型水电站智能化建设对水轮发电机励磁调节控制系统提出的高可靠性要求,有效解决基于单CPU的PLC励磁调节控制系统“死机”问题,基于西门子S7-1500系列具有冗余功能的PLC设计了水轮发电机励磁调节控制系统。系统采用2台CPU 1513R组成冗余控制器,并通过MRP冗余环网和分布式I/O实现对发电机励磁调节的过程控制。励磁调节采用PLC内部集成且具有抗积分饱和的PID控制器,通过定时中断方式对励磁调差计算结果进行PID运算,得到晶闸管控制角后再与机端电压同步信号合成控制脉冲,完成对励磁主回路晶闸管的控制。

永磁电机系统中冗余结构逆变器的可靠性分析对比研究

基于马尔可夫模型和可靠性框图模型,对永磁电机系统中并联冗余和备用冗余两种结构的逆变器在零件层面和系统层面进行可靠性分析,得到这两种结构逆变器的可靠性函数和平均无故障时间函数。首先,通过对比来确定判断何种冗余结构具有更高可靠性的边界条件函数。其次,分析边界条件函数随各参数的变化情况以及对冗余结构可靠性的影响,包括环境温度、电流、热阻抗和容错处理机制的成功率。然后,建立N相冗余逆变器的可靠性函数,并给出高可靠冗余结构中并联支路数和备用支路数量的确定方法。最后,以三相永磁电机逆变器为例,通过仿真和实验验证边界条件函数的准确性。

地铁网络中断下韧性评估及修复策略

随着我国城市地铁发展,地铁系统在面对自然灾害、突发事件等扰动事件时所表现出的韧性是目前备受关注的问题。为评估和优化地铁网络韧性,首先,深入分析拓扑结构,提出一种综合考虑网络连通水平和冗余水平的网络性能函数,并构建网络韧性评价指标;然后,在中断场景下,研究以韧性最优为目标的车站修复调度问题,采用遗传算法求解模型,明确各施工队的施工方案;最后,以台北捷运为例进行实例研究,验证方法的有效性。结果表明:多车站失效后,网络连通水平和冗余水平均有所下降,网络性能随之降低;在工期等约束下,最佳修复策略模型能够合理地制定施工方案以最大限度地提高地铁网络韧性;条件允许情况下,适当延长工期有助于进一步地提升最佳网络韧性。案例研究为城市地铁线网规划及提高地铁网络韧性提供有益借鉴。

韧性视角下的集装箱航运网络脆弱性评估及恢复策略

现有航运网络脆弱性评估方法和恢复策略存在一定局限性,主要表现为:评估方法单一,难以全面反映航运网络的复杂性;未综合考虑实际运营能力和空间距离等关键因素,导致恢复策略应对突发事件的效果不佳。针对上述问题,从拓扑结构和实际运营这2个方面对航运网络脆弱性进行了综合评价,提出了基于变异系数法多维度航运网络脆弱性评价指标,并设计了1种基于备份港口排序的恢复策略,其中,备份港口排序综合考虑了空间距离、港口运输能力和泊位数量等因素。通过引入了动态评价框架、调整脆弱性指标权重、优化备份港口选择和流量分配策略等,提升了评估与恢复策略的准确性和有效性。以2020年中欧、中地、中美东、中美西集装箱航运网络为例,构建了集装箱航运网络拓扑图,并分析了航线的脆弱性和运力波动,结果表明:采用单港口备份恢复策略时,航运网络韧性提升11.6%;采用双港口备份恢复策略时,航运网络韧性提升31.5%。综上,本文提出了集装箱航运网络脆弱性评估方法和基于备份港口排序的恢复策略,合理确定备份港口数量,实现对失效港口流量的有效重分配,为提高航运网络韧性提供了新的途径,也凸显了脆弱性评估和备份恢复策略在航运网络中的重要性。

宁夏干旱风沙区荒漠草原不同退化阶段植被土壤变化特征及其相关性

为深入了解荒漠草原不同退化阶段植被与土壤变化,探究荒漠草原不同退化阶段土壤性质与植被特征的关系,本研究以宁夏干旱风沙区荒漠草原为对象,比较了未退化、轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化4个退化阶段下草地植被和土壤性状,分析了草地退化过程中植被与土壤的关系。结果表明:随草地退化程度增加,草地优势种由多年生豆科、禾本科逐渐转变为一年生杂类草;不同草地植物功能群盖度、高度和地上生物量随着退化加剧变化并不相同(P<0.05);Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数呈下降趋势;土壤有机质、全碳、全氮、速效氮、速效磷和黏粒含量显著降低,但容重显著增加。冗余分析发现,荒漠草原植被特征与土壤因子密切相关,不同退化阶段影响草地植被特征的土壤性质不同。未退化阶段,草地的植被特征受全碳含量极显著影响,中度退化阶段,草地的植被特征受容重含量极显著影响,重度退化阶段,草地的植被特征受速效氮含量极显著影响(P<0.01)。通过改善植被进而影响土壤或者补充土壤养分可能是一个有效的草地恢复策略。

某直列式点火器双路瞎火故障分析与改进

针对某直列式点火器在低温点火试验中出现的双路冲击片点火管瞎火问题,进行了故障定位及原因分析,提出了改进措施并对其有效性进行了试验验证。结果表明:造成双路瞎火故障的原因是点火器转接件焊点异常处的气体间隙弧光放电;提出将2个回路的触发信号时间间隔调整为50μs,按照HB 7262航空产品电装工艺的相关规定细化电装工艺,增加对能量传输通道的介质耐压检测等改进措施。验证试验表明采取改进措施后,消除了弧光放电现象,点火器内的2个爆炸箔表面均有明显的电爆炸痕迹。