Numerical simulation of acoustic pressure field for ultrasonic grain refinement of AZ80 magnesium alloy

Ultrasound with different intensities was applied to treating AZ80 alloy melt to improve its solidification structure.The average grain size of the alloy could be decreased from 303 to 148 μm after the ultrasound with intensity of 30.48 W/cm2 was applied.To gain insight into the mechanism of ultrasonic treatment which affected the microstructure of the alloy,numerical simulations were carried out and the effects of different ultrasonic pressures on the behaviors of cavitation bubble in the melt were studied.The ultrasonic field propagation in the melt was also characterized.The results show that samples from different positions are subjected to different acoustic pressures and the effect of grain refinement by ultrasonic treatment for these samples is different.With the increase of ultrasonic intensity,the acoustic pressure is increased and the grain size is decreased generally.

Numerical Simulation of Recirculating Flow and Decarburization in RH Vacuum Refining Degasser

Based on the principle of RH process and the mechanism of decarburization, a three-dimensional mathematical model to represent the flow and decarburization of molten steel was established. The model was verified and the effect of operating parameters on the process was investigated.

Grain refinement of 5A06 aluminum alloy welds caused by tungsten inert gas welding arc characteristics under Ar-He alternating gas supply conditions:a coupled method of water-cooled copper plate test/numerical simulation

The welding arc,as a carrier for the conversion of electrical energy to thermal energy,has a direct impact on the quality of welding by its properties and states.In the tungsten inert gas(TIG)welding process under the condition of Ar-He alternating gas supply,the arc is alternately converted between Ar arc and He arc with an alternating gas supply cycle,which has obvious arc change characteristics.The FLUENT software was used to numerically simulate the characteristics of the TIG arc under the condition of alternating gas supply,and the arc temperature field,arc pressure,electric potential and current density distribution under the condition of alternating gas supply were obtained.Combined with the real-time data of arc pressure measured by the water-cooled copper plate with holes,it is proved that the TIG arc has obvious dynamic characteristics under the condition of Ar-He alternating gas supply.This unique dynamic TIG arc acts on the 5A06 aluminum alloy weld,causing the molten pool to stir,resulting in uniform microstructure and grain refinement at the weld,and thereby improving the mechanical properties of the welded joint.

HEXAHEDRAL ELEMENT REFINEMENT FOR THE PREDICTION- CORRECTION ALE FEM SIMULATION OF 3D BULKINGFORMING PROCESS

Based on the characteristics of 3D bulk forming process, the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation-based FEM is studied, and a prediction-correction ALE-based FEM is proposed which integrates the advantages of precisely predicting the boundary configuration of the deformed material, and of efficiently avoiding hexahedron remeshing processes. The key idea of the prediction-correction ALE FEM is elaborated in detail. Accordingly, the strategy of mesh quality control, one of the key enabling techniques for the 3D bulk forming process numerical simulation by the prediction-correction ALE FEM is carefully investigated, and the algorithm for hexahedral element refinement is formulated based on the mesh distortion energy.

Productivity simulation of hydraulically fractured wells based on hybrid local grid refinement and embedded discrete fracture model

Using current Embedded Discrete Fracture Models(EDFM) to predict the productivity of fractured wells has some drawbacks, such as not supporting corner grid, low precision in the near wellbore zone, and disregarding the heterogeneity of conductivity brought by non-uniform sand concentration. An EDFM is developed based on the corner grid, which enables high efficient calculation of the transmissibility between the embedded fractures and matrix grids, and calculation of the permeability of each polygon in the embedded fractures by the lattice data of the artificial fracture aperture. On this basis, a coupling method of local grid refinement(LGR) and embedded discrete fracture model is designed, which is verified by comparing the calculation results with the Discrete Fracture Network(DFN) method and fitting the actual production data of the first hydraulically fractured well in Iraq. By using this method and orthogonal experimental design, the optimization of the parameters of the first multi-stage fractured horizontal well in the same block is completed. The results show the proposed method has theoretical and practical significance for improving the adaptability of EDFM and the accuracy of productivity prediction of fractured wells, and enables the coupling of fracture modeling and numerical productivity simulation at reservoir scale.

Numerical and experimental studies on solidification of AZ80 magnesium alloy under out-of-phase pulsed magnetic field

For obtaining the finer grains of magnesium alloy,a novel combined pulsed magnetic field with different initial phases,also called out-ofphase pulsed magnetic field(OPPMF),was applied to study the solidification structure of AZ80 magnesium alloy.The numerical simulation was simultaneously conducted to investigate the refinement mechanisms.The experimental results showed that the macrostructure could be effectively refined by applying external magnetic field.Meanwhile,finer grains were obtained with the higher current intensity.However,the increase of current intensity could only refine the grains to about 0.5 mm.Furthermore,compared to a single pulsed magnetic field(PMF)and alternating series of OPPMF(Connection II),a finer structure was observed when the consecutive series of OPPMF(Connection I)was imposed.In contrast with a single PMF and Connection II,the numerical results showed that the greater axial Lorentz force was obtained under the Connection I,generating the stronger forced flow in the melt.It is believed that abundant nuclei could detach from the mold wall and move faster into the interior melt due to the stronger forced flow;besides,the lower superheat and greater temperature uniformity in bulk melt were realized,accounting for the finest structures under the Connection I.

Cellular automaton simulation of dynamic recrystallization behavior in V-10Cr-5Ti alloy under hot deformation conditions

The deformation behavior of V-10Cr-5Ti alloy was studied on the Gleeble-1500 thermomechanical simulator at the temperatures of 950-1350℃, and the strain rates of 0.01-10 s^-1. Based on the Arrhenius model, dislocation density model, nucleation model and grain growth model, a numerical cellular automaton (CA) model coupling simulation of hot deformation is established to simulate and characterize the microstructural evolution during DRX. The results show that the flow stress is fairly sensitive to the strain rate and deformation temperature. The error between the predicted stress by the Arrhenius model and the actual measured value is less than 8%. The initial average grain size calculated by the CA model is 86.25 μm, which is close to the experimental result (85.63 μm). The simulations show that the effect of initial grain size on the dynamic recrystallization microstructure evolution is not significant, while increasing the strain rate or reducing the temperature can refine the recrystallized grains.

Simulation of electromagnetic-flow fields in Mg melt under pulsed magnetic field

The effects of a pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of pure Mg were investigated.The results show that microstructure of pure Mg is considerably refined via columnar-to-equiaxed growth under the pulsed magnetic field and the average grain size is refined to 260？？ under the optimal processing conditions.A mathematical model was built to describe the interaction of the electromagnetic-flow fields during solidification with ANSYS software.The pulsed electric circuit was first solved and then it is substituted into the magnetic field model.The fluid flow model was solved with the acquired electromagnetic force.The effects of pulse voltage frequency on the current wave and on the distribution of magnetic and flow fields were numerically studied.The pulsed magnetic field increases melt convection,which stirs and fractures the dendritic arms into pieces.These broken pieces are transported into the bulk liquid by the liquid flow and act as nuclei to enhance grain refinement.The Joule heat effect produced by the electric current also participates in the microstructural refinement.

Liquid-solid Coupling Characteristics in the Fluidized Bed Evaporator for Tobacco Refined Liquid

Consider a two-phase liquid-solid coupling effect, using Euler - Euler two-fluid model is solved using standard viscous term with k- e model and the velocity pressure coupling a simple algorithm to simulate liquid-solid two-phase flow characteristics of the fluid flow method bed, the applicability of the model to assess the drag. Different effects of a two-stage flow characteristics of fluidized bed flow characteristics, fluid and operating conditions affect the physical properties of the paper. We found from the simulation is the use of different drag coefficient models will greatly affect the results, which drag force model Syamlal - O＇ Brien is more suited to study the coupling characteristics of liquid flow in a fluidized bed of solid than Gidaspow. And velocity of the inert particles increase with the viscosity of the liquid increase. Further, the maximum speed of the inert particles in a fluidized bed by a central, which means the settling velocity in the fluidized bed of inert particles is the slowest; increasing liquid density and lead to increased speed of the inert particles; volume of the inert particles Score changes can also affect the speed of the particle velocity distribution, and there is no linear relationship.

Numerical Simulation for Induction Refining Process of Metallurgical-Grade Silicon in Vacuum Furnace

The temperature and velocity distribution of melting pool fields is very important effect to the silicon purification in vacuum induction furnace.A numerical model for the electromagnetic-thermal-hydrodynamic coupling fields have been developed by using the finite element method(FEM)and a 2D numerical simulation for electromagnetic、 temperature and velocity fields of metallurgical-grade silicon melting in vacuum induction furnace were performed with a software Multi-physics Comsol 3.5a in this paper.The results showed that the temperature field was dependent observably on input power of coils and induction heating times and the maximum temperature gradient in melting pool was 215K in holding time.With the silicon molted gradually a clockwise vortex was come into being for electromagnetic stirring in the smelting poor.The variation of velocity field in melting silicon is mainly influenced with the change of the current intensity and power frequency.The numerical predications of temperature distribution are in good agreement with experiments.

RH底喷粉精炼过程数值模拟研究

RH真空槽底喷粉精炼将脱硫粉剂直接喷入钢液,冶金反应程度高,终点元素含量稳定,能够完成高品质钢的炉外精炼任务。对RH底喷粉过程进行数值模拟研究,探究底喷粉过程的粉剂行为及对钢液流场的影响规律,优化喷嘴布置方案,旨在推动该技术的工业化应用。研究结果表明,180°喷嘴布置方案(即下降管侧喷吹,简称方案2)的钢液环流量比0°喷嘴布置方案(即上升管侧喷吹,简称方案1)增加1.8 t/min(增量比例为1.4%);方案2的钢包最下端钢液粉剂浓度比方案1高0.2~0.9 kg/m^(3)(增量比例为6.7%~81.8%);方案2条件下,钢包内钢液流动死区的粉剂浓度随喷嘴布置高度的降低而降低。结合粉剂收得率,确定方案2喷嘴布置高度为300 mm,此时粉剂收得率较方案1提升2.59%。

沿江地铁盾构隧道掘进施工的地层扰动效应研究

盾构隧道掘进施工的地层扰动效应及其周边环境影响,一直是学界和业界关注的热点问题。依托福州地铁5号线农洪区间隧道工程,考虑刀盘顶推力、刀盘摩阻力、盾壳摩擦力和同步注浆压力,对其掘进施工过程展开精细化数值模拟,分析沿江不对称地形条件下盾构隧道掘进施工的地层扰动效应。研究结果表明:地表沉降沿进深方向整体呈S形,沿横断面方向呈沿江侧大于背江侧的不对称分布(偏度系数为-0.257);掌子面后方地表沉降基本稳定时,隧道轴线处的最大地表沉降为11.7 mm;受同步注浆影响,隧道两侧土体均发生远离轴线方向的水平位移,且沿江侧略大于背江侧,其最大水平位移为14.6 mm。实测地表沉降数据与数值模拟结果较为吻合,同时引入沉降槽宽度修正系数α,提出沿江不对称地形条件下的修正Peck公式,可为类似条件下的盾构隧道施工提供借鉴。

Simulating geometrically complex blast scenarios

The effects of blast waves generated by energetic and non-energetic sources are of continuing interest to the ballistics research community.Modern conflicts are increasingly characterised by asymmetric urban warfare, with improvised explosive devices(IEDs) often playing a dominant role on the one hand and an armed forces requirement for minimal collateral effects from their weapons on the other. These problems are characterised by disparate length- and time-scales and may also be governed by complex physics. There is thus an increasing need to be able to rapidly assess and accurately predict the effects of energetic blast in topologically complex scenarios. To this end, this paper presents a new Qineti Q-developed advanced computational package called EAGLE-Blast, which is capable of accurately resolving the generation, propagation and interaction of blast waves around geometrically complex shapes such as vehicles and buildings. After a brief description of the numerical methodology, various blast scenario simulations are described and the results compared with experimental data to demonstrate the validation of the scheme and its ability to describe these complex scenarios accurately and efficiently. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on the use of the code in supporting the development of algorithms for fast running engineering models.

复杂流场中五孔探针测点加密方法分析

针对五孔探针在测量复杂流场时,因测点数目有限而导致的部分流场信息丢失这一问题,研究了利用已测信息进行测点的二次加密布置,获得更为详细的流场信息的方法,并在叶栅流场中进行了数值模拟验证。结果表明:针对流动特征合理地选择判断参数,可以获得较好的加密预判。涡系影响区可以采用气流角变化作为判断参数,叶栅出口可以采用速度变化作为判断参数;以判断参数的一阶差分为基础的探针测点加密算法,对流场中的速度剧烈变化区域及涡系影响区进行测点加密布置,可以有效避免流动信息丢失,从而获得更加完整的流场信息。

新一代涡识别方法在大偏航条件下风电机组复杂尾涡辨识中的适用性研究

为进一步了解大偏航条件下串列风力机组的复杂尾流特性,采用4种不同的涡识别方法(第一代Vorticity、第二代Q、第三代Liutex、第三代NewOmega)可视化串列风机组的尾涡结构,以探究新一代(第三代)涡识别方法(Liutex、NewOmega)在风力机大偏航条件下的适用性。首先,基于致动线(actuator line,AL)模型和一种局部动态Smagorinsky(localized dynamic Smagorinsky,LDS)亚格子模型,开发一套精度高、计算成本低的水平轴风力机尾流精细化数值模拟框架(AL-LDS耦合模型框架)。其次,选取NREL-5MW风力机为研究对象,将AL-LDS耦合模型的模拟结果与NREL基准值进行对比,从而验证AL-LDS耦合模型的精度。最后,编写最新的第三代涡识别方法(Liutex、NewOmega)后处理程序,并将新一代涡识别方法应用到大偏航条件下串列风力机组的尾涡辨识中,进而分析多机组间的复杂尾涡流动机理。结果表明:(1)AL-LDS耦合模型具有较高的计算精度;(2)第三代涡识别方法同样适用于大偏航条件下风力机尾涡结构的可视化,且可捕捉到尾流中成对的涡脱落现象以及破碎弱涡结构。

基于三维精细化数值模型的地下油库水封安全评价

地下水封油库利用“隙存水封”原理实现原油大规模地下储存,水封安全性是决定地下油库安全经济运行的重要前提。为评价某地下水封油库的水封安全性,基于精细化工程地质勘察,获取了洞库围岩、库区内断层带、节理裂隙密集带、破碎带的渗透系数,综合分析了库址区范围内的渗透系数空间变化规律;并结合多源高精度勘察信息构建了三维精细化渗流数值模拟模型,在对比分析三维精细化模型与均匀介质模型的优劣后,通过数值模拟,对比分析了有、无水幕条件下洞库的水封可靠性,并预测了洞库施工和运营期的涌水量。结果表明:三维精细化数值模型可以精确地反映地质构造对地下水位及水压力的影响,使得分析结果更加符合实际情况;水幕系统可以有效提高洞库水封安全性,具体表现为,在无水幕条件下进行洞室开挖时,地下水位明显下降,部分洞室上方出现疏干区,而在有水幕条件下进行洞室开挖时,地下水位下降不明显,洞室上方具有较厚的含水层,其厚度足以保证洞室水封安全性;同时,洞室涌水量在可控范围内。本研究提出的地下油库水封安全评价方法对类似工程具有借鉴意义。

中空夹层玻璃及其支承系统的爆炸冲击响应研究

玻璃幕墙已被广泛应用于建筑结构中,但目前的设计主要针对静力荷载,对可能发生的爆炸等意外事件所产生的冲击荷载作用尚缺乏可靠研究。对爆炸冲击下的玻璃进行数值分析时,多数研究模型将边界条件过度简化,使玻璃面板直接承受爆炸冲击,忽略了支承体系中诸如框架、垫片、结构胶、滑移块等元件的缓冲作用。这种差异在中空夹层玻璃系统上更为明显,导致数值分析难以精确地模拟结构系统在冲击荷载作用下的响应。为此,对一玻璃幕墙系统进行足尺爆炸冲击试验研究,并采用LS-DYNA软件进行了精细化建模,考虑支承体系内的各元件作用及元件之间的接触行为,以及各元件对玻璃的夹紧力作用等因素。分析结果表明,相比于简化边界条件的模型,考虑多要素的框架模型得出的玻璃面板挠度及速度时程曲线、能量传递等更加合理,且裂纹模态和裂纹动态扩展与试验结果更加吻合。爆炸冲击下中空夹层玻璃的两种常用简化分析模型均不能获得准确的结果:简化的夹板支承模型缺少必要的约束条件,导致玻璃系统整体位移过大而发生破坏;简支模型则约束过强,会导致玻璃应力增大,尤其会在边界区域发生更多的强度破坏。因此,设计抗爆玻璃时应重视缓冲体系的设计,在数值分析时则应充分考虑支承系统各元件的影响。

鄞州风电场基于STMAS-WRF模式的风力预报性能评估

利用STMAS-WRF模式,对宁波鄞州风电场2021年12月23-26日的一次强冷空气大风过程进行数值模拟试验,并采用风机的观测资料进行误差检验,对此次大风过程的模式模拟能力进行评估。结果表明,STMAS-WRF模式对此次强冷空气大风过程具有较好的模拟能力,基本模拟出了风速随时间的变化,相关系数均达到0.8以上,均方根误差为2.83~3.86 m·s^(-1),平均绝对百分比误差为21.8%~29.8%。模拟结果表现出了冷空气影响过程中风速减弱增强再减弱的过程,但是对于风速减弱时段大幅度波动的风速,模式模拟普遍还存在偏大的现象。从不同风速段来看,模式对于小风速段和额定风速段的模拟效果较好,对变化风速段的模拟误差较大。通过对预报场和实况场环流的对比分析,发现模式对高层风速模拟效果较好,低层风速预报较实况偏大,可能与模式对于地面摩擦的影响考虑不足有关。

6061铝合金热旋压变形不均匀性的数值模拟和实验研究

采用ABAQUS软件对6061铝合金无芯模的热旋压过程进行数值模拟分析,系统分析了管坯厚度方向的不均匀变形;采用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术分析了旋压之后合金的位错密度、微观组织和晶粒尺寸,并与数值模拟的结果进行对比。结果表明:6061铝合金无芯模的热旋压加工过程中管坯外层比中间和内层有更大的变形和更高的温度,压应力从管坯外表面沿着厚度方向逐渐降低,导致管坯外层材料比中间和内层具有更高的位错密度和更强的动态再结晶驱动力,进而提高管坯外层晶粒的再结晶分数,细化外层晶粒。实验结果与模拟结果吻合度较好,验证了有限元模型的可靠性。

“亿级”自由度数值模拟技术及其工程应用

为解决数值模拟方法在大型岩体工程稳定性分析中精度低、误差大的问题,开发了一种“亿级”自由度数值模拟技术.以大红山铁矿露天与地下联采地表岩移工程问题为例,详细阐述了“亿级”自由度数值模拟技术流程.将模拟计算结果与实测地表裂隙范围相结合,提出了一种模糊沉降值反演地表裂隙范围的方法.将该方法与“亿级”自由度数值模拟方法结合使用,可对地表裂隙发育范围进行准确估算,位置绝对误差在1.59~4.71 m,总长度误差率在1.141%,验证了方法的可靠性,较常用的百万级自由度数值模拟方法有了提升.同时,对5年后露坑联采地表裂隙范围进行了估算.随着5年后地下300~720 m标高矿体采出,虽然塌陷坑废石充填对围岩变形具有抑制作用,但地表沉降及开裂范围仍会波及露天境界,预计裂隙区域至少将影响露天矿990 m标高台阶以上范围.