The 40-year Anniversary of Reform and Opening-up

In 1978,the third plenary session of the 11th Central Committee started the implementation of opening-up and reform policies,starting a new chapter of China’s economic development.A grand gathering to celebrate the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up was held by the CPC Central Committee and State Council on December 18,2018.President Xi Jinping addressed the gathering,saying“we shall never forget our original determination and keep in mind our commitment to carry forward reform and opening-up to the end.We shall endeavor to fulfill the people’s demands for beautiful lives and create a new miracle in a new era that amazes the world”.

HAVING FULL UNDERSTANDING OF THE TIMES, COMPLYING WITH THE TREND, STANDING FAST AND MAKING INNOVATIONS: ON CHINA'S DIPLOMACY IN FOUR DECADES OF REFORM AND OPENING-UP

The year 1978 was destined to be an extraordinary year in contemporary Chinese history,which witnessed the convening of the grd Plenary Session of the iuth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the adoption of reform and opening up policy and setting of new journey of China's diplomacy.

Chinese Experience in Industrial Development During the Forty Years of reform and opening-up

Over the past forty years of reform and opening-up,China's industry has sustained rapid and sound development and generated impressive achievements.Industrialization has entered the second half of its final stage.This experience of successful industrialization with Chinese characteristics constitutes an important component Chinese wisdom and Chinese approaches,and serves as a reference for other developing countries and countries in transition.The Chinese experience in industrial development during this period includes: progressively promoting industrial and economic system reform adapted to local circumstances; seizing the right moment to firmly integrate into the global system of labor division; pursuing the new path of industrialization featuring coordinated development of the "Five Pillars" in keeping up with the times; and developing an industrialization model with Chinese characteristics with concerted efforts of effective market and enabling government.

30-Year Reform and Opening up-Export Review(1978-2008)(Continued)

The year of 1994 was a milestone on a historical road of the textile trade development worldwide. The Final Act concluding the Uruguay Round and officially establishing the WTO regime was signed during ministerial meeting at Marrakesh, Morroco on the 15th of April, 1994, and hence is known as the Marrakesh Agreement. That marked a beginning of quota phase out. China has been on a resolute stance to trade restrictions and protectionism all through quota phase out and post-quota period and will continue to do so when safeguard deal terminates…

After Forty Years of Reform and Opening up:A Multi-perspective Analysis of the Innovation and Development of Ideological and Political Education

In the past 40 years of reform and opening up,the political,economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation between China and other countries have been increasing.In particular,with the opening of the doors to the outside world,the intermingling and collision of various cultures and trends from the East and the West have affected the practice and development process of ideological and political education to a certain extent.With the continu­ous penetration of network technology,the ideological and political theoret­ical system under the leadership of the Party has been constantly innovated and improved.Although it has gone through the course of cancellation,restoration,development and then integration and deepening,it has also pointed out a series of new diversified development paths for ideological and political education.Therefore,against such a background,it is impor­tant to deeply understand the distinctive features of ideological and political education in the context of pluralism.Adhering to the principle of keeping pace with the times and the people-oriented education policy and exploring new paths,methods and means of ideological and political education in the context of pluralism are not only in line with the trend of development of the times,but also continue to promote the reform and development of ide­ological and political theory in the new era.

30-Year Reform and Opening up——Export Review(1978-2008)

This year marks 30th year commemoration of China's" reform and opening up" policy, the strategic decision made at the 3rd plenarysession of the national party congress' 11th central committee of Communist Party of China (CPC) in Dec. 1978. History made its way to the end of 1978. In December of that particular year, CPC leaders tapped on the table to decide to open up and reform this long-encapsulated country in a milestone conclusion. Thirty years elapsed. Like many other industrial sectors that benefited from this monumental decision, Chinese textile industry has undeniably been growing at a fantastic speed, and its export is on an unrivalled growth in phase...

Reform of Rural Planting Structure in China since the Reform and Opening-up and Its Main Problems

Based on the oral interview of six different types of rural families in Houdian Village,Longkou City,Shandong Province,combined with the adjustment of rural reform policies,this paper analyzed reasons for the reform of rural planting structure in China since the reform and opening-up and elaborated the general outline of the reform of the planting structure.From the changes in farmers' attitudes,it explored the achievements and shortcomings of rural reform in the past 40 years.It discussed problems such as shortage of labor resources and vacancy of family education of teenagers in the current sustainable development of rural areas.Finally,it came up with some recommendations for the development of rural areas.

Far-Reaching Freedom and Increasing Prosperity——40 Years of Reform and Opening-up in China

SPEAKING about today＇s China, we are looking at an up-and-coming, dynamic and rapidly developing country whose econom- ic power has become a global benchmark. Some Chinese cutting-edge technologies are gradu- ally occupying the world market, Chinese consumer goods have become an integral part of the world＇s shopping centers, and Chinese travelers also domi- nate the tourism sector.

Thoughts on High-quality Development of Unconventional Gas in Central China——Commemorating the 40th Anniversary of Reform & Opening-up and New Progress in Foreign Cooperation

In accordance with the development concept of 'innovation,coordination,green,openness and sharing' and to promote the supply-side structural reform,CNPC proposes its new goals and strategy in the new era,and expands the overall strategy into ‘resources,market,internationalization and innovation'to adapt to the needs of cleaner energy development in the new era and highlight innovation,openness and green development.It has been seen that through foreign cooperation in the field of unconventional gas,remarkable results have been achieved in the introduction of international advanced concepts,technologies and management experiences.Tight gas and shale gas resources in Central China are abundant but more challenged in geological condition than that in North American,and there are great geological,technical and economic risks.CNPC has achieved significant phased achievements for the development of tight gas and shale gas in Ordos and Sichuan Basin;however,the development quality of unconventional gas assets needs to be further improved.To achieve high-quality development of tight gas and shale gas,on one hand,we must implement the strategy of self-operation and foreign cooperation combination,take advantage of the in tegration of self-operation with foreign cooperation and realize synergetic development;on the other hand,we need to fully understand that the technical characteristics of tight gas and shale gas are different from those of the conventional energy and unconventional technical measures,management strategies and methods are required.

Evolution of the “Zhejiang Spirit” During the Forty Years of Reform and Opening-up

The "Zhejiang spirit" refers to a theoretical summary of the group consciousness, mental state, value orientation and ideological realm, which is, as a motivating power, owned and recognized by all Zhejiang people, and carries Zhejiang peculiarities. President Xi Jinping, during his term of office in Zhejiang, launched a number of seminars and activities to seek "a Zhejiang spirit that moves with the times." Forty years of reform and opening-up, the "Zhejiang spirit" has experienced an evolution that can be summarized as three improvements: from spontaneous formation to deliberate cultivation, from something limited to eastern Zhejiang to an integrating force that spans the entire Zhejiang Province, and from a mere existence to a role that functions adequately. The "Zhejiang spirit" is extracted from the humanistic spirits shaped in all corners of Zhejiang province. It is "an instrumental ensemble played across the entire province," and represents a certain judgment and interpretation. The "Zhejiang spirit" not only describes and summarizes the past and present, but will also guide and motivate the future, and support people in their enterprising and industrious practices to move with the times.

Asian and African Officials’ Views on China’s 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up

China＇s reform and opening-up policy, which started in 1978, has become more effective. The success of reform and opening-up has transformed China from a low-income country to one of the world＇s largest econo- mies today. In my view, the success of China＇s develop- ment lies in the country greatly reducing the number of people living in poverty. According to the World Bank, hundreds of millions of Chinese people have been lifted out of extreme poverty.

Experiences and Achievements in the Development of Human Rights in China in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up--A Summary of Viewpoints on the Seminar on Reform and Opening-up and the Progress of the Development of Human Rights in China

Jointly held by the China Society for Human Rights Studies and the publicity department of the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and organized by Institute for Human Rights and Law School of Wuhan University, A seminar on Reform and Opening-up and the Progress of the Development of Human Rights in China was held on July 18,2018 in Wuhan. Over 100 distinguished scholars participated and discussed topics including "The path for human rights development", "Reform and Opening-up and the theoretical innovation of human rights in China", "Reform and Opening-up and the achievements of human rights in China",and "Reform and Opening-up and the development of global human rights cause". The seminar summarized China’s human rights achievements over the course of 40 years of Reform and Opening-up on multiple levels and from multiple perspectives and deepened practical and theoretical understandings about the development and progress of human rights in China.

The Change and Constancy of “Equality Issue” in Human Rights Theory Research During the 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up

In 1978, academia broke through the theoretical forbidden zone with the slogan of "equality before the law" and initiated a great discussion on some important legal issues including legal equality. During the past 40 years since the reform and opening-up, the relevant research has changed from the ideological contention deeply influenced by class discourse to the abstract theoretical research where class discourse has been fading away, and then turn to the technical and concrete practical research. This "change" is clearly visible and, to a certain extent, reveals the track of the development of human rights theory. However, there is "constancy" in "change". "Constancy" not only lies in the study of legislative equality throughout the past 40 years, but also embodies the inherent logic of theoretical research in response to social development and changes in the times.

On China's Reform and Opening-up and the Evolution of the Views of Human Rights

The dominant human rights views in a country or region is closely related to the economic and social development of that country or region and is closely related to human rights practices. Since the launch of reform and opening-up, the development of China’s conception of human rights has gone through many stages. The changes of contemporary Chinese human rights conceptions have gone through the stages from the views of human rights to the theories of human rights, to the norms and practices of human rights, and human rights conceptions developed from avoidance to controversy, from passiveness to initiative, and from learning to construction, which reflects the continuous development of China’s human rights cause. By analyzing the journal records through a search of the human rights and its related keywords, it is possible to chart the evolution and historical context of contemporary Chinese human rights theory.

Reform and Opening-up and China's Participation in International Human Rights Cooperation Process

The process of China’s participation in international human rights cooperation is closely related to the process of reform and opening-up launched at the end of the 1970s, while participation in international human rights cooperation is based on the process of reform and opening-up. It is the fruit of the reform and opening-up policy and the emancipation of the mind for China to decide to participate in international human rights cooperation. Since then, along with the process, the process of China participating in international cooperation can be divided into four periods. The first established the multi-ministries cooperative group to do research on international human rights activities in 1980. The second, was the first white paper on human rights published by the government in 1991. The third was the incorporation of human rights in the Constitution in 2004, and the fourth been putting forward the idea "a community with shared future for human beings" in 2013. All of these are landmark events for China to participate in international human rights cooperation against the general background of the reform and opening-up policy.

“三教改革”背景下教学设备的自主开发与应用--以运动控制系统实训装置为例

为推进“三教改革”落地实施,破解实训项目难以跟随技术发展变化的问题,对接“1+X证书”技能等级标准,把企业实际项目进行研学转化,设计出一种具有电气控制盘开放、控制系统可选择、执行机构可拼装、末端执行器可互换可升级的运动控制系统实训装置。这种教学实训装置的开放性和灵活性,为教学设备提高复合利用率、降低报废率、设备长期保持技术先进性提供了一种新方法;为机电一体化系统设计类岗位个性化的技术训练以及职业素养养成训练提供了一种“教法改革”新思路,设备研发过程中对于职业院校教师技术能力提升也提供了一种“教师改革”新途径。

新中国政府和市场关系演变述论(1949-2024)

如何处理经济发展过程中政府和市场的关系,使政府和市场在各自的领域和合理的边界内发挥作用,是新中国经济发展史上一个贯穿始终的问题。改革开放之前我国是单一公有制和计划经济,政府主导,市场式微。改革开放以后,在诱致性变迁下,市场作用逐渐增大,直到1992年党的十四大确定建立社会主义市场经济。此后的20年,中国开始致力于建立和完善市场经济体制,其后为加入WTO,中国加快了政府经济职能转变并鼓励民营经济发展。2001年底加入WTO以后,中国充分利用国内消费结构升级和经济全球化两大机遇期,实现了十年的经济高增长,虽然是政府与市场共同发力,但是两者边界不清问题仍然存在。党的十八大以后,受到世情、国情、党情的深刻影响,在“五位一体”总体布局和“四个全面”战略布局推动下,政府和市场关系发生了一系列新变化。以习近平同志为核心的党中央因势利导,围绕政府和市场关系这个核心问题,把构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制摆在突出位置,对经济体制改革重点领域和关键环节作出部署,主动对政府和市场的关系进行了一系列调整和改革。

Economic reform, open-door policy and changes in spatial development patterns in China

The study profiles and explains the significant changes that have taken place in China's spatial development patterns since the inception of its economic reform and opening two decades ago. Principal component analysis is used to delineate spatial patterns. The analyses show that prior to the reform China's spatial development pattern was characterized by the dominance of the three municipalities and the Northeast, as well as by both the coast-interior and the north-south disparities. Northern provinces were generally more industrialized and economically powerful than the southern ones. After two decades of reform, regional development has become multi-centered with South China, the Yangtze Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin area being the three most important regions of the country. The coastal provinces as a whole rose to prominence on China's economic map while the Northeast has diminished its clout. The coast-interior gap not only remains but may have widened. The north-south disparity also still exists but there has been a role reversal with the south now in the lead position. Virtually all inland provinces now find themselves at or near the low end of the development spectrum. We argue that the major reason for the recent shifts in Chinese space economy is the spatially differentiated economic growth resulted from the reform and open door policy and from the new, uneven development strategy adopted by the Chinese government. The paper discusses four specific factors that have reshaped China's spatial development patterns.

障碍物阻塞率对氢-空气爆燃的影响

为深入了解氢气在不同阻塞率条件下的爆燃特性,以提升氢能使用的安全性,并为氢能在船舶和生活领域安全应用以及抗爆减灾设计提供科学依据。研究利用Open FOAM软件结合大涡模拟(LES)模型,对半开敞管道内氢气在不同阻塞率条件下的爆燃火焰动力学特性进行了深入分析。研究发现障碍物的阻塞率显著影响氢气爆燃的火焰传播速度和爆燃压力;火焰结构的演化过程可划分为球形、指形、射流和漩涡4个阶段;在面积阻塞率为0.7时,火焰传播速度达到极大值177.5 m/s,相较于阻塞率为0.5和0.3时分别快1.31倍和1.82倍;相同阻塞率下,不同厚度的障碍物对火焰速度的影响不大;爆燃压力在阻塞率为0.7时达到峰值74.7 kPa,较阻塞率为0.5和0.3时分别高出1.32倍和1.7倍,同时火焰结构和行为受到未燃气体流场的显著影响,为氢能设备的安全设计和布置提供重要的理论基础,并对氢气爆炸的抗爆减灾设计具有重要的理论支撑作用。通过这项研究,可更有效地预防和减轻氢气爆燃带来的风险,确保氢能在船舶和生活领域的安全应用。

Process for improving the ladle free- opening rate for high aluminum steel in continuous casting

Steel 20Mn23AlV is a type of high aluminum steel with a very low ladle free-opening rate. The aluminum composition of 20Mn23AlV ranges from 1.6% to 2.45% ,which is significantly higher than other types of steel. According to the real condition of 40 t ladle in steel-making plant of Baosteel Special Steel Company, previous works show that the key factors affecting the ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel in continuous casting are：sand material, accessories baking, ladle nozzle cleaning, the process and amount of adding sand, and the rate of argon stirring during refining. Therefore, improving the ladle filler sand quality, baking all of the raw materials, controlling the addition of ladle filler sand, cleaning the ladle nozzle, and optimizing argon stirring during the refining process can resolve the problem of a low ladle free-opening rate of high aluminum steel caused by the long ladle time of liquid steel.