China:Political, Social, and Economic Reforms from 1700s to the Present

Chinese social and economic history is both influenced by and,to a certain extent,married with Chinese political regimes.Various political dynasties from the past have each exercised significant control of Chinese social and economic environments,and continue to exert influence even to the present day.Three of these influential periods include the Kang Qian Flourishing Age(1723-1796),the Qing Dynasty Decline(1800s-1912),and the People’s Republic of China Communist Control(1949-present).A review and in-depth examination of each regime helps to both understand where China is today and also how it is likely to evolve in the future.

Chinese Village Elections: Deepening Political Reform in China

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Testative Discussion on how to be an Eligible Interpreter--Based on the People’s Republic of China of the National People’s Congress and Committee of the People’s Political Consultative Conference from 2012 to 2014

In recent years,with the rapid development of the Chinese economy,the“two sessions”in March of every year which sponsored by the ministry of foreign affairs attract more and more journalists from all over the world.The press conference in the“two sessions”likes an important window to show China’s policies and claims to the world.Meanwhile,the premier who answers questions in the press conference,respectively,shows the world the eloquence and polite manners of China’s premier,such as Premier Wen Jiabao and Premier Li Keqiang.Their astute response,excellent,and emotional expression makes a deep impression on audiences.Moreover,as a bridge between the speaker and the listeners,the interpretation once is incorrect will cause some mistakes even conflicts.Therefore,the interpreter plays a most important role in the press conference.How to improve the interpretation level in the press conference is a significant topic.The thesis mainly introduces the content of press conference interpreting from 2012 to 2014.At present,the practical study of press conference interpretation is far from enough.The last part gives the summary of the study and points out the main findings for the further study.

China’s Political System and State Institutions

China＇s political system China is a socialist country under the leadership of the Communist Party of China （CPC）. China＇s political system involves multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC： it is described as a socialist system with Chinese characteristics.

Reform of China's Judicial System Promotes Protection of Human Rights——An interview with Wang Shengjun, secretary-general of the Politico-Legal Committee of the CPC Central Committee

The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China （CPC） held in 2003 set thetask of promoting the reform of China＇s judicial system, a task seen as of strategic importance to the country＇s development. Shortly afterwards, the CPC Central Committee set up the Leading Group for the Judicial System Reform （LGJSR）.

Changes of China’s Status in the Global System and Its Influencing Factors:A Multiple Contact Networks Perspective

Clarifying China’s position in the global system is an important logical basis for developing national diplomacy.Although much research has been done on China’s development status,most studies have been based on country comparisons or institutional en-vironment.In today’s networked era in which the global economy,trade,personnel,and information are closely connected,studies on China’s global position and its status changes and influencing factors in multiple contact networks are still insufficient.In this study,from the perspective of diverse global contact networks,we constructed economic,cultural,and political influence indices to explore the changes and influencing factors on China’s status in the global system from 2005 to 2018.The results show that during the study period,China’s global influence in the fields of economic ties,cultural exchanges,and political contacts increased significantly,but its influ-ence in the fields of cultural exchanges and political contacts lagged far economic ties.The pattern of China’s economic influence on various economies around the world has shown a transformation from an‘upright pyramid’to an‘inverted pyramid’structure.The proportion of these economies in low-influence zones has decreased from more than 60%in 2005 to less than 20%in 2018.China’s cultural and political influence on various economies around the world has increased significantly;however,for the former,the percentage of high-influence areas is still less than 20%,whereas for the latter the percentage of these economies in medium-and high-influence areas is still less than 50%.Analyses such as a scatter plot matrix show that geographical proximity,economic globalization,close cooperation with developing countries,and a proactive and peaceful foreign policy are important factors in improving China’s status in the diverse global network system.

New Media Era: Research on Ideological and Political Education in Universities

The development of new media has brought to the ideological and political education in colleges and universities of the new situation and new problems that are needed to make a new generalization and explanation, which not only endows the new mission of ideological and political education workers, but also brings new opportunities to the innovation and development of ideological and political education theory. This paper argues and interprets the definition, impact analysis, and content &structure optimization of the new media era ideological and political governance education from a new perspective of interdisciplinary study including the sociology, psychology, ethics and Journalism.

Opening-up Domestic Bond Market in the Support of China’s Supply-Side Reform

This paper studies the opening-up of domestic bond market in the support of China’s supply-side reform by examining the five core elements about the reform,namely overcapacity trimming,inventory de-stocking,financial deleveraging,cost reduction,and improvement of weak links in the economy.By examining the relationship between bond market opening-up and each element of the reform,the paper comes to the conclusion that the opening-up of domestic bond market is supportive to China’s supply-side reform.

Deepening China's Investment System Reform——The State Development Investment Corporation

The Chinese government set up the State Development Bank against the background of the Chinese economic system being transformed from planned to market. In May 1995, the State Development Investment Corporation was established. Does this mean that China’s investment system reform is advancing at a much

Policy Towards Gender Equality in Employment in a Globalizing Economy——An outline of the analysis report on the impacts of China's economic reform on women employment

1.This study is one of The Applied Economic Institutes Linkages Project(AERIL)which is funded by theCanadian International Development Agency(CIDA)and jiontly managed by The Conference Board of Canada(CBOC)and the International Trade Research Institute in China.It is jointly implemented by the Institute ofEconomic Research of the Chinese State Planning Commission and the North—South Institute of Canada。

Rethinking China's pension reform——The relevance of international experiences

Pension funds remain scarce no matter what institutional design is adopted. China has a host of unique issues facing its pension system,issues that must be confronted; for instance,the disappearance of its demographic dividends and legacy costs incurred due to institutional transition. Such features determine that China’s pension system is merely passable at the present time. In this article,Professor Cai Fang offers new and incisive perspectives on this issue,such as the potential stimulus for economic growth by ageing people’s desire to save money for old-age provisions.

CHINA'S TAX SYSTEM REFORM

Since the beginning of 1994,Chinahas conducted a series of majorreform of the systems of taxation,finance,foreign trade and investment,achieving remarkable progress,whichhas played a good role in promotingthe establishment and developmentof the socialist market economic system.Not long ago,Xiang Huaicheng,DeputyDirector-General of the State TaxationBureau,made an introduction to thestate of China’s tax system reform anddevelopment trend to Chinese andforeign reporters.

Reform of China's Financial System

Since 1979 China has adopted a series of measures to reform its financial system. These measures involved establishing the macro control system of the central bank. setting up policy banks, perfecting the financial organization system, developing commercial banks and the monetary market, and reforming the foreign currency management system. The reforms of the past 15 years have brought great changes to China’s financial system. The old unified banking system was broken and diversified financing institutes emerged. Now a financial system comprising the central bank, specialized banks, commercial banks, insurance companics, trust

Panorama of China＇s Economic Reforms since 1949

This paper presents an overview of China＇s economic development and reform over the past 60 years, mapping out the course of how Chinese people overcame ideological fetters constraints, redirected reform despite barriers and deviations, and brought into contrast the distinction between government and the market.In summary, it reinforces the fact that further reofrm is the only answer to China＇s complex economic contradictions.

The countryside and origins of China's reform

China's 30 years of reform have achieved tremendous success and a transformation of the country.Amazingly,however,this grand endeavor began in an anonymous rural village in which the f irst breakthroughs were made.How did China's reform begin in the countryside? Why were the initial breakthroughs made there? What is its significance? This article elaborates on these questions,urging that we should carry out a scientific outlook on development in the spirit of the 17th Party Congress,and steadfastly deepen the rural reform of rural.Research into these issues will help us gain a deeper understanding of the rural reform.

Minister Zhang Haoruo on China's Circulation Reform

While China’s internal market potential is getting more and more tempting, Minister Zhang Haoruo of Internal Trade says in the years to come the retail, wholesale and material sectors will be freed up for foreign investment. Foreign businessmen will be welcome to compete in China. The Minister disclose "t that 11 cities had been approved to experiment

Vice Premier Zhu Rongji on China's Reform and Development

Zhu Rongji, Vice Premier of the State Council of China, on January 27, 1995, made a speech "on China’s Reform and Development" at the World Economic Forum held in Davos in Switzerland. He gave a briefing on China’s reform and opening up and economic development.

Asian and African Officials’ Views on China’s 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up

China＇s reform and opening-up policy, which started in 1978, has become more effective. The success of reform and opening-up has transformed China from a low-income country to one of the world＇s largest econo- mies today. In my view, the success of China＇s develop- ment lies in the country greatly reducing the number of people living in poverty. According to the World Bank, hundreds of millions of Chinese people have been lifted out of extreme poverty.

China's Reform:Cracking the Nuts in 1994

A number of crucial decisions on the market process of China’s national economy in 1994 were made toward the end of 1993 at the National Economic Work Meeting and the national meetings on planning, system reform, banking, budget and trade. It aroused worldwide attention about "cracking the nuts" and "comprehensive advances and key breakthroughs" were mentioned in these large-scale reform plans.

Where Is China's Medical Reform Heading?

How to establish a perfect medical system has always been a global challenge. If there was one event that commanded most of our attention from start to finish in 2007, it was medical reform. In the past, China underwent two medical system periods: one during the planned economy and another during the reform-and-opening-up period characterized by market-oriented reform. In 2006, after ten years of reform efforts, China's healthcare system found itself almost back where it started, a process that has brought with it its share of resentment and expectations from the public at large.