Effects of China's Administrative Approval Reforms on Transaction Cost and Economic Growth

China＇s economic growth miracle despite complicated administrative approval formalities prompted us to raise the following question： ls it true that reforming administrative approval will promote economic growth？ Based on our analysis on market entry, we discovered that reforming administrative approval will spur economic growth by reducing transaction cost for firms. Administrative approval may suppress social cost and propel China＇s economic growth; China＇s gradualist approval reforms may indeed propel economic growth by reducing transaction cost for firms. With the data of prefecture-level cities during 2000-2013 and data of companies listed on the SME board during 2010-2014, we tested the effects of approval reforms on economic growth and on transaction cost, and employed instrumental variable and PSM for the treatment of the endogeneity problem - all these tests led to robust and consistent results. Moreover, we discovered that difference in government policy implementation in the approval process is the root cause of corruption and rent seeking.

Administrative reforms and the impacts on rural-urban relations in China

New and distinctive regions of economic interaction and growth, known as Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMRs), are emerging in China. This paper will examine the role of the various levels of the Chinese governments and their administrative reforms in the development of one of the urbanising regions in China: the Shenyang Dalian EMR, Liaoning Province. It is primarily concerned with to what extent EMR's spatial growth pattern is influenced by governmental policies and how the changes in administrative boundaries have impacted rural urban relations.

A Study on the Reform of China's Agricultural Administration System

After various reforms,China's agricultural administration system has been changing functions and improving structure,and it has basically met the requirements of agricultural and rural economic development,but in some areas,it can not be adapted to modern agricultural development. Based on the analysis of the necessity of improving agricultural administration system and the problems in current agricultural administration system,this paper comes up with the viable path choice of China's agricultural administration system reform.

Judicial Administration Reform Promotes Human Rights——An interview with Zhang Sujun,Vice-Minister of Justice

Following is a transcript of an interview given to Human Rights by Zhang Sujun, China＇s Vice-Minister of Justice, on how the on-going judicial administration reform promotes the protection of human rights in the country.

Tasks and Priorities for Comprehensively Deepening Reform of China’s State Sector of Economy

The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee ushered in a new chapter of China＇s comprehensive deepening of reform. The basic objective of comprehensively deepening reform of the state sector of economy in the new chapter is to fully integrate this sector with a sophisticated market economic system with the market playing the decisive role in resource allocation. In order to achieve this objective, China is confronted with the four major priorities of adjusting the functions and layout of the state sector of economy according to national mandates, expediting the mixed ownership reform, creating a classified and multi- tiered new system for the administration of the sector, and developing a modern corporate system for SOEs to ensure an efficient micro-level governance mechanism for the sector. （1） The functions of the different types of SOEs should be accurately defined and SOEs should be divided into the three types of public policy SOEs, functional SOEs, and commercial SOEs. This classification forms the premises for reforming the state sector of economy. Based on the functions of the three types of SOEs, the directions and emphases for strategic adjustment should differ as well. （2） The mixed ownership reform should adhere to the methodological principles of combining top-down and bottom-up approaches, implementing pilot programs, and promoting coordinated progress. Practical implementation should ensure fair and standard reform procedures, reform programs consistent with laws and regulations, open and fair equity transfers, as well as fair and transparent internal distributions. The mixed ownership reform of SOEs should introduce the employee stock ownership system and adhere to the principles of compatible incentives, shared growth, and long-term development. Monopolistic sectors should be transformed into competitive market structures to create conditions for the implementation of mixed ownership for SOEs. （3） The new system for the administration of the state sector of economy should comprise three hierarchies： the Commission for the Administration of State Economy at the top level, state capital operation companies or state capital investment companies at the intermediate level and general for-profit enterprises at the bottom level, which administer public policy, functional SOEs, and commercial SOEs respectively. （4） Under the new system for the administration of the state sector of economy characterized by the three hierarchies and categories, the key for perfecting the modern corporate system of SOEs is to establish a differentiated, classified governance mechanism, i.e., different corporate governance mechanisms should be created for SOEs of different functions and roles.

China's Next Step:to Reform Monopoly Industries

Based on the study of enterprise managerial corruption in Chinese SOEs, this paper points out the new characteristics of managerial corruption in Chinese SOEs:administrative monopoly has become increasingly common, while corruption for personal gains by SOE leaders hits become less and less frequent.This means the reform of SOEs has entered a new stage in which the core problem is how to deal with administrative monopoly.

Public Accounting and IPSAS in Portugal： The Accounting Standardization System for Public Administrations

The Accounting Standardization System for Public Administrations （SNC-AP） was approved by Decree-Law No. 192/2015, of September 11 and constituted the new accounting system for public administrations in Portugal, which will take effect from January 1, 2017, although there were pilot entities that are already applying it in the year 2016. The reasons for the approval of these accounting regulations are presented in the approval diploma itself, the existence of a strong fragmentation and outdated accounting standardization for the public sector. This paper intends to analyze the public accounting reform in Portugal based on the SNC-AP and the impacts that it will determine in public institutions in terms of accounting in relation to the previous POC-P regime and sectoral plans as well as the resources involved in the Implementation. Likewise, it is intended to assess whether all public bodies subject to its adoption will proceed to its implementation on January 1, 2017, as planned. For this purpose, the data available on this subject will be used, in particular those of the Directorate-General for the Budget of the Ministry of Finance.

Approaches to Legalize Higher Education Administration System in China

The higher education administration system in China has been a central theme in the reform and development of our country's higher education. In the past two decades,deviation from reform goals, absence of reform participants, vagueness of reform approaches and other problems have occurred despite the significant effects gained through constant innovations in the reform under the guidance of government policies. For the purpose of better reforming the higher education administration system, the concept of ruling by law, or that of managing the university by law, should be applied. The key is to rationalize the relationship between government and higher institutions as well as to fully exercise the autonomous management of universities and colleges in order to achieve an overall reform of higher education administration system that is conducted from within and without.

基于翻转课堂的药事管理学课程思政探索

翻转课堂重视学生主体地位,遵循学习规律,为专业课的课程思政提供了有效途径。以药事管理学为例,该文在一流本科课程建设中探索基于O-PIRTASCT翻转课堂模型的课程思政路径,兼顾学生知识学习、能力养成和思想政治素质的提升,有助于实现在知识学习早期形成价值认识,在学习中期产生价值认可,在学习后期达成价值认同,可为高校专业课课程思政建设提供参考。

综合行政执法改革过程中的多维结构变迁与能动者策略

推动执法权属地化与综合化是夯实基层政权建设的重要一环,但在政策实践中,并不必然带来治理效能的提升。事权下放后,基层治理结构的实质性变革如何形塑执法主体的行为策略,以提升事权承接的有效性,是亟待回答的重要议题。文章从“结构—过程—功能”的视角出发,对一个街道综合行政执法体制改革进行系统考察,构建理解多维结构变迁中能动者策略生成的分析框架。研究发现,在改革过程中,综合执法部门所嵌入的横向结构在权力、责任和资源维度发生系统性变迁。执法主体在基层治理结构所设定的规则约束与行动空间中,基于复杂性和概率性两个维度,划分四种类型的执法任务,并能动地创设动员式、裁剪式、扩容式等执法策略,衔接再配置的结构性要素与复杂外部事务治理环节,从而有效回应“块块”运作规则和事权下放的内在要求。

“新华盛顿共识”与美国农政体系变动趋向

“新华盛顿共识”是一份美国国家战略宣言,其中蕴含的战略导向必然会渗透到美国国内外政策的各个方面。下一步,美国农政体系将更多朝着强化自身力量(美国自己称之为“进攻性措施”)的方向发展,具体策略可能包括启动农业高级研究与发展计划、构筑生物育种领域的“小院高墙”及提升农村发展的重要性,对此,中国应该做出一系列战略预置。美国农产品贸易政策导向仍然是提升竞争力、扩大出口,短期内不构成重大冲击,中国甚至可以将之作为拉住美国与之开展博弈缠斗的一个策略筹码,但长期策略上必须把提升农产品竞争力作为重要战略支点。一个比较紧迫的任务是加快种业的制度型开放,以抵御生物育种领域可能出现的“小院高墙”式封锁。同时,从加快追赶超越、建设农业强国的角度讲,美国在科技体制、生物育种和农村发展方面的政策是值得认真借鉴的。

组织惰性的纾解:高校去行政化改革的治理逻辑

去行政化改革是推进高校高质量发展的重要任务和使命。作为一种固化于高校治理结构之中的运作模式与消极行为,组织惰性的层次组合主要围绕体制性的要素而存在,具体贯穿于管理体制的形成、发展和变革过程之中。由于教育资源具有外部性特征,下级组织结构面对科层制的行政压力时,往往理性地采用“组织外形化”的应对策略。当高校既有的管理程序、结构和惯例不能适应公共组织变革的压力时,纾解组织惰性就成为提升高校管理效率的关键一环。从高校去行政化改革的困境归因来看,组织惰性的文化要素构成了高校去行政化改革的“软环境”,外部性压力奠定了高校内部运作的制度性困局,因此要打破固化的社会身份与组织形态。具体来看,要充分发挥党领导集体的先导地位,稳步有效地推进高校去行政化改革,筑牢高校治理文化的基础作用,彰显战略规划的统筹价值,进行依法科学的治校,提升高校的高质量发展水平。

普鲁士改革研究的意义、方法和问题

19世纪初的普鲁士改革开启了普鲁士—德国通向现代的大门。改革的成果既是德国的遗产,也是欧洲的共同遗产。改革激发了一代代历史学家强烈的研究兴趣,成为德国历史研究的经典话题。普鲁士改革史研究的范式经历了种种转变,但其关注的核心问题一直是改革与德国历史连续性的关系、改革的思想基础,以及如何评价改革的成功与失败。对普鲁士改革的历史学考察,不仅是为未来的改革研究提供新的思路和方向,更是为了使人们对改革所引发的一系列重要问题做出更加深入的学术思考。

城市社区去行政化改革的事物、职能和组织维度

近年来,去行政化一直是基层治理改革的主题。部分地方政府探索了“居站分设”“撤街强社”等模式,但由于缺乏综合性,单一线索的改革难免陷入困境。现有文献从国家社会关系和社区职能分类等视角探索去行政化改革,但由于未能全面纳入社区治理的影响因素,因而和社区治理实践存在一定的脱节。在利用事物、职能和组织逻辑的框架透视改革历程后发现,缺乏彼此配合的单一逻辑改革效果有限。住房制度改革和物业服务的市场化开辟了行政控制外的新空间,却面临业主组织支撑力度不强的难题。职能分类和准入制为社区去行政化提供了前提,但缺少组织关系改革的配合,行政性事项仍然会渗透组织边界进入居民委员会。居站分离改革为去行政化提供了组织依托,但由于缺乏系统性思维而出现了分殊。三重逻辑框架和对改革历程的分析启示,未来的去行政化要避免单一逻辑的事物职能改革或者组织改革,坚持“事物职能分类、居站分离和培育居民自治”三策并举的复合型改革,继续梳理制定社区事物职能分类目录,结合目录清单改革城市的社区居站关系,聚焦相关利益和治理环节培育居民委员会自治能力。

行政区划调整与城市空间结构演化——基于撤县设区的视角

在新型城镇化建设对城市紧凑集约发展提出更高要求的背景下,探讨行政区划调整对城市空间结构的影响具有重要意义。基于2000—2016年全国范围内演进的撤县设区数据,深入考察了撤县设区带来的城市空间结构演化效应的研究发现:(1)撤县设区促使了城市空间形态松散化和内部低密度发展,该结论在考虑多种指标、方法以及政策滞后效应之后仍成立。(2)撤县设区政策对东部城市的空间结构松散化影响更强,且不利于其发挥中心集聚优势;相比于建设规制较弱的城市,规制较强的城市受到撤县设区对城市空间结构分散化的影响更为显著。(3)进一步研究表明,自主选择型撤县设区对城市空间结构分散化的影响更加明显,而顺应融入型撤县设区则会在一定程度上促进城市空间结构趋于紧凑化。

数字化转型背景下高水平应用型大学工商管理专业教学改革探索

在数字化转型背景下,高水平应用型大学工商管理专业教学改革变得越来越重要。工商管理专业的教学特征表现为技术应用、改变教学方式和创新研究成果、完善教学内容和扩展实践机会、跨学科融合和产业合作。工商管理专业数字化转型的教学内容改革包括完善课程体系建设、引入数字化管理知识和强调创新创业元素;教学方法改革包括丰富教学资源和完善教学设计、优化学习环境和提高自主学习能力、强化实践导向教学和创新评估方式;实践教学改革包括优化实践教学环境和开展模拟实训、与产业界合作和提升行业认知、搭建数字化实践创新平台和线上线下实训融合。

影响城市交通发展的基础问题研究

中国城市的发展阶段和趋势特征与社会主义市场经济体制改革的进程息息相关,不同阶段经济社会、城乡建设、法律制度、行政管理、财税制度等各方面的变革都对城市交通发展产生深刻影响。因此,研究新时期城市交通的发展模式必须遵循国家政策和改革措施。通过梳理改革开放以来的变革进程,总结当前中国发展呈现的一系列阶段性新特征,包括社会主要矛盾转变为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾,经济体制改革强调推动有效市场和有为政府的更好结合,法律制度规定将城市交通问题的事权和财权划分为地方事务,城市发展进入区域化、数字化、低碳化发展新阶段等。基于这些特征,要求坚持城市政府的主体地位,以改革促进城市交通发展,支撑现代化都市圈培育,面向居民需求提升城市可持续发展能力和竞争力。

国地税合并与企业创新——抑制还是促进?

本文基于2013—2021年沪深A股上市公司数据,使用双重差分模型评估了国地税合并对企业创新的影响。研究发现:国地税合并总体上显著促进了企业创新,这一结论在进行一系列稳健性检验后依旧成立。机制和异质性分析表明,国地税合并通过征税渠道抑制了企业创新,但通过治理渠道和税收营商环境渠道促进了企业创新,且促进作用在信息透明度较低、公司治理水平较低、地区营商环境较差的企业中更为显著。进一步分析发现,国地税合并提高了企业创新质量和创新效率,兼具“提质”和“增效”双重效应。本文结论表明,统一、规范的税收征管有助于激发企业创新活力,为深化税收征管改革、建设现代化财税体系提供了经验支持。

高效办成一件事:系统论视角下中国式效能政府建设现代化道路研究

“高效办成一件事”改革是政府深度优化政务服务流程、降低制度性交易成本、寻求中国特色行政改革路径的自主探索。此项改革作为深化“放管服”改革、进一步优化营商环境的战略举措,其理论价值超越了新公共管理模式的顾客导向,凸显了以人民为中心的服务型政府建设新理念。改革致力于通过明确“一件事”中各方主体的关联与权责,打破传统官僚体系边界,推动职能结构调整、资源配置优化及制度化协同,旨在向公众和企业提供全生命周期的集成化服务,实现跨部门、跨事项、跨区域、跨服务的统筹管理与流程再造。同时,改革强调绩效导向的结果价值,对于完善政府责任体系、促进高质量发展具有深远的战略意义。

治理吸纳执法:乡镇行政执法何以运行——基于中部多个乡镇综合执法改革的经验考察

近年来国家不断强调治理重心下移,行政执法权下沉是其重要表现。以执法下沉为目标的行政执法改革旨在通过行政执法权的属地化配置缓解乡镇治理权责失衡的困境,促进基层治理规范化。但实践中,乡镇行政执法形成“治理吸纳执法”的运行特征,即行政执法作为“条条”体制下的一种专业化事权呈现出“块块”主导的属地化运作,这源于乡村社会的弱执法需求以及伴随多中心工作而来的乡镇治权弱化。行政执法下沉客观上为乡镇提供了新的治理工具,但并未带来预期的执法效益,也没有根本改变乡镇治权不足的结构性困境。乡镇治理权力具有多样性和复杂性,基于乡镇治理情景,具体分析行政执法权的性质,才能正确理解行政执法权在乡村治理中的功能定位以及行政执法改革对乡镇治理的意义。