Interactions between Vegetation and Climatic Factors in Typical Arid and Humid Regions of China Based on NDVI

According to the distribution of arid and humid regions in China,the typical arid region (Erjina),the typical semi-arid/semi-humid region (Guanzhong basin/Loess Plateau) and the typical humid region (Poyang Lake basin) were selected as the study areas.Based on NDVI data from 1982 to 2000 and meteorological observing data of three study areas from 1981 to 2000,the interactions between vegetation NDVI and climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) in typical arid and humid regions were discussed in this study.The results showed that in the responses of vegetation to climatic factors,vegetation in the typical arid region (Erjina) was more sensitive to precipitation,while vegetation in the typical semi-arid/semi-humid region (Guanzhong basin/Loess Plateau) was more sensitive to both temperature and precipitation,and vegetation in the typical humid region (Poyang Lake basin) was more sensitive to temperature.As for effects of vegetation on climatic factors,there was a remarkable negative correlation between vegetation NDVI in the past winter and temperature in the present summer,and also a significant positive correlation between vegetation NDVI in the past winter and precipitation in the present summer.However,in the typical semi-arid/semi-humid region (Guanzhong basin/Loess Plateau),there was a significant positive correlation between vegetation NDVI in the present spring and temperature in the present summer.

Influence of Carcinogenic Factors in the Maxillofacial Region

Objective To study the influence of carcinogenic factors on tissues and organs of the maxillofacial region(MFR)by measuring the expression of biomarkers in the oral fluid.Methods We recruited 421 patients who were divided into 2 groups:356 patients with a tumour of the MFR and 65 healthy people without somatic pathology in medical history.Results The effects of carcinogenic factors on the expression of biomarkers in the oral fluid in patients with a tumour of the MFR revealed a significant increase in the levels of biomarkers of tobacco use-MMP-8,TIMP-1,TIMP-2,and CA 72-4,CEA and CA 125;frequent use or abuse of alcohol-MMP-8,TIMP-1,TIMP-2,AFP and NSE;use of narcotics-TIMP-1 and TIMP-2;presence of occupational hazards in the medical history-MMP-8,MMP-9,TIMP-1 and TIMP-2;with a diagnostic sensitivity(DS)of over 60%.Also our analysis showed that the use of tobacco was significantly affecting the expression of TIMP-1and CA 125;frequent use or abuse of alcohol-CA 19-9,AFP and CEA;use of drugs had an impact on MMP-8expression.However,the occupational hazards in the medical history did not show a statistically significant effect.Conclusion Factors of carcinogenesis affect the expression of biomarkers in the oral fluid.The expression of the biomarkers of the MFR should be compared with that in the control group of patients with no carcinogenic factors.

Maternal Mortality Risk Factors in Regional Hospital of Burkina Faso

Individual causes and community determinants are synergic in maternal death occurrence. This study aimed to identify maternal mortality risk factors in a regional hospital. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study from data of 1807 hospitalized women. To identify maternal mortality risks factors, mortality hazard ratio (HR CI95%) has been calculated in univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazard model. Results: During hospitalization, 30 maternal deaths occurred. From Cox regression, adjusted mortality HR confirmed that women age older than 35 (HR = 2.5, CI95%: [1.2-5.7] and younger than 19 (HR = 3.02, CI95%: [1.5-6.7]);distance to hospital ≥10 Km (HR = 4.1, CI95%: [1.8-9.4];multiple deliveries (HR = 2.4, CI95%: [1.1-7.3]), less ante natal care (<3 visits) (HR = 3.03, CI95%: [0.97-9.48]);obstetrical maternal mortality directs causes (HR = 2.31, CI95%: [1.7-6.21]) and emergently reference (HR = 3.5, CI95%: [1.8-8.32]) were maternal mortality risk factors. Conclusion: In this regional hospital of low income country, identified maternal mortality factors are related to women socio-economic determinants and quality prenatal or obstetric care access. Interventions to reduce maternal mortality rate should be conducted within both household and women socio-economic status development and in maternal health and obstetric care strengthening.

Frequency and Risk Factors of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in Cotonou (Benin)

Aim: To determine the frequency and the risk factors of Complex Regional Pain syndrome (CRPS) in Cotonou (Benin). Patients and Méthod: This has been a transversal study carried out over 22 years on files of CRPS infected patients and submitted to rheumatologic consultation in the National Hospital University of Cotonou. Results: 73 out of 17,342 patients examined (0.42%) were suffering from CRPS. Those 73 patients (40 women, 54.8% and 33 men, 45.2%) were in average 54.66 years old and enjoyed an average duration of evolution of 5.79 months. The trauma (41 cases, 56.1%), the stroke (19 cases, 25%), the diabetes (8 cases, 11.3), were the main risk factors that were observed. CRPS was preferably located at the shoulder-hand (34.2%), shoulder (28.8%), wrist-hand (16.4%) and knee (11%). Inflammatory pain was observed in 55 cases. The treatment was dominated by griseofulvina (41 cases, 56.1%), antiinflammatory drugs (38 cases, 52%), analgesic (20 cases, 27, 3%), joint injection by betamethasone (17 cases, 27%). Conclusion: CRPS is not rare in our country. The first risk factor remains the trauma in rheumatologic consultation in Cotonou.

Neuronal injury and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in a rat model of amygdala kindling seizures Differences in brain regions and kindling courses

BACKGROUND：Studies have demonstrated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） has a dual effect on epilepsy. However, the relationship between epilepsy-induced brain injury and BDNF remains poorly understood.OBJECTIVE：According to ultrastructural and molecular parameters, to detect the degree of neuronal injury and BDNF expression changes at different brain regions and different kindling times to determine the effects of BDNF on epilepsy-induced brain injury.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING：A randomized, controlled, animal experiment based on neuropathology and molecular biology was performed at the Department of Physiology and Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University in 2003.MATERIALS：UltraSensitiveTM SP kit for immunohistochemistry （Fuzhou Maxim Biotechnology, China）, BDNF antibody （concentrated type, Wuhan Boster Biological Technology, China）, JEM-1000SX transmission electron microscopy （JEOL, Japan）, and BH-2 light microscope （Olympus, Japan） were used in the present study.METHODS：Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control （n = 6）, sham-surgery （n = 6）, and model （n = 60） groups. The control group rats were not treated; an electrode was embedded into the amygdala in rats from the sham-surgery and model groups; an amygdala kindling epilepsy model was established in the model group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：Pathological changes in the temporal lobe and hippocampus were observed by light and electron microscopy at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days following kindling, and BDNF expression in the various brain regions was determined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS：In the model group, temporal lobe cortical and hippocampal neurons were swollen and the nuclei were laterally deviated. There were also some apoptotic neurons 3 days after kindling. The nucleoli disappeared and the nuclei appeared broken or lysed, as well as slight microglia hyperplasia, at 7 days. Electron microscopic observation displayed chromatin aggregation in the nuclei and slight mitochondrion swelling 3 days after kindling. Injury changes were aggravated at 7 days, characterized by broken cytoplasmic membrane and pyknosis. With the development of seizure, the number of BDNF-positive neurons in the hippocampus and temporal lobe increased and peaked at 7 days. Moreover, hippocampal and cortical temporal lobe injury continued. Following termination of electrical stimulation after 7 days of kindling, BDNF expression decreased, but continued to be expressed, up to 21 days of kindling. In addition, the number of temporal and hippocampal BDNF-positive neurons was greater than the control group.CONCLUSION：Brain injury and BDNF expression peaked at 7 days after kindling, and hippocampal changes were significant.

Individual Cotton Boll Weight as Influenced by Different Production Eco-Regions and Meteorological Factors

In order to explore systematically the physiological mechanism of high yield cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Xinjiang, and further improve yield, the yield components were compared between three ecological regions. Boll number per plant was lower in South and North Xinjiang, but the harvested plant population were nearly 1.5 times higher than that in Nangong, so total boll numbers per unit area were greater in South and North Xinjiang. Weight per boll in south and north of Xinjiang was 5.896.50 g and 5.43 6.12 g respectively, 24 to 51% heavier than that in Nangong. The diurnal temperature difference between day and night was relatively greater in Xinjiang than in Nangong, benefitting the accumulation of photosynthetic product in bolls. The temperature difference and total hours of sunshine in boll period are the main reasons for cottons higher boll weight and yield in Xinjiang than in Nangong.

Explanatory Factors for the Variation in HIV Prevalence between Regions of Côte d’Ivoire: An Ecological Study

Introduction: No study has analyzed the reasons for the difference in HIV prevalence between Ivorian regions ranging from 1.3% in the central-western region to 4.1% in Abidjan among men. Objective: To analyze explanatory factors for the difference in HIV prevalence observed in men in C&#244;te d’Ivoire’s regions. Methodology: Assessment of the relationship between HIV prevalence per region and risk factors explored in the 2012 C&#244;te d’Ivoire Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). A multivariate analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between HIV prevalence and each variable. Results: The explanatory power of the variation of HIV prevalence between regions was 98%. There was a significant association between HIV prevalence and union (r = &minus;0.38;p = 0.008;95% CI (&minus;0.53 to &minus;0.23)), condom use (r = &minus;0.01;p = 0.19;95% CI (&minus;0.03 to &minus;0.01)), practice of Christian religion (r = &minus;0.1;p = 0.017;95% CI (&minus;0.16 to &minus;0.05)), and schooling (r = &minus;0.01;p = 0.25;95% CI (&minus;0.04 to 0.02)). There was a paradoxical association between HIV prevalence and mean age at first sexual intercourse (r = &minus;0.1;p = 0.017;95% CI (&minus;0.16 to &minus;0.05)) and sexual infections (r = &minus;0.48;p = 0.016;95% CI (&minus;0.75 to &minus;0.22)). Conclusion: The explanatory factors for the difference in HIV prevalence observed in men in the regions of the country were union, condom use, mean age at first sexual intercourse, sexual infection, sexual activity, and multiple sexual partnerships. However, only union and condom use were effective in reducing HIV prevalence by preventing new infections.

Comprehensive Evaluation on the Regional Economy of Commodity Grain Base in Heilongjiang Province Based on Factor Analysis Method

Taking a total of 13 areas in Heilongjiang commodity grain base as the research objects,9 indices are selected,which are regional GDP(X1),per capita GDP(X2),total value of tertiary industry(X3),financial revenue(X4),urban fixed assets investment(X5),average salary(X6),gross industrial output value(X7),total output value of farming,forestry,husbandry and fishing(X8),and retail sales of social consumer goods(X9).Based on this,evaluation index system of regional economy is established.According to the 2006-2008 Heilongjiang Statistical Yearbook,average values within 3 years are used as analytical data.Factor Analysis Method is adopted to establish regression model and to carry out comprehensive analysis.Result shows that Heilongjiang commodity grain base has extremely uneven regional economic development in different areas.According to the score order and actual situation,the 13 areas are divided into 4 types.The first and second types are Harbin and Daqing,respectively.The third type is Qiqihaer,Suihua,Mudanjiang and Jiamusi.And the forth type is Jixi,Shuangyashan,Heihe,Yichun,Qitaihe,Hegang and Daxinganling.Suggestions for the development of these areas are put forward.

Controlling Factors of Organic Nanopore Development: A Case Study on Marine Shale in the Middle and Upper Yangtze Region, South China

The Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi and the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi shales are the major targets for shale gas exploration and development in China.Although the two organic-rich shales share similar distribution ranges and thicknesses,they exhibit substantially different exploration and development results.This work analyzed the nanopore structures of the shale reservoirs in this region.Pore development of 51 shale samples collected from various formations and locations was compared using the petromineralogical,geochemical,structural geological and reservoir geological methods.The results indicate that the reservoir space in these shales is dominated by organic pores and the total pore volume of micropores,mesopores,macropores in different tectonic areas and formations show different trends with the increase of TOC.It is suggested that organic pores of shale can be well preserved in areas with simple structure and suitable preservation conditions,and the shale with smaller maximum ancient burial depth and later hydrocarbongeneration-end-time is also more conducive to pore preservation.Organic pore evolution models are established,and they are as follows:①Organic matter pore development stage,②Early stage of organic matter pore destruction,and③late stage of organic matter pore destruction.The areas conducive to pore development are favorable for shale gas development.Research results can effectively guide the optimization and evaluation of favorable areas of shale gas.

中国地区性数字鸿沟社会经济成因与治理研究

从互联网发展地区差距出发,结合“普及率”和“基础资源”两个维度,针对21世纪以来中国内地31个省市自治区,以动态面板模型系统GMM方法,进行经济增长、人口统计、居民收入、基础设施、政府干预、对外开放、科技和城镇化发展水平等一系列基本社会经济因素影响分析,并进行各因素影响的相对重要性分析和稳健性检验。结果表明,居民收入与经济增长等因素,对现阶段国内地区性数字鸿沟的形成与演化的确有显著影响;同时,还发现现阶段中国地区性数字鸿沟演化发展的循环累积特性、不同类别因素影响程度的差异,以及不同区域间和不同发展阶段上互联网发展水平受社会经济因素影响的显著差异性。消弭地区性数字鸿沟的关键,主要在于加快基础设施建设、保护弱势群体和深化互联网治理等三个方面。

民国时期城市水上政区的建置过程

水域行政管理是近代中国,尤其是民国时期行政管理的重要组成部分,不过民国时期城市水上政区的建置却是一个比较曲折复杂的过程。清末民初时期,城市尚未成为独立的行政区,主要通过设置水上警察机构进行城市水域管理;1921—1943年是城市型政区创立阶段,往往以水上警区充当水上政区;1943年新版《市组织法》颁布后,城市型政区初步完善,有不少城市正式设置了水上区、水上保和水上甲等三类水上政区,其中又以仅设置水上保与水上甲的城市居多,只有重庆、广州等个别城市设置有“区—保—甲”三级水上政区。水上政区普遍层级偏少、偏低的原因,一是因为水上人口规模相对有限,没必要设置较多层级的水上政区;二是与各地市政府普遍财政紧张,需要尽可能精简行政机构等情况密切相关。

基于三重螺旋的中国省域创新水平评价及区域差异性研究

鉴于地理位置、资源禀赋、政策环境等现实差异,中国一直存在区域发展不平衡的问题。文章以三重螺旋理论为基础,首先采用因子分析的方法对中国31个省级行政区(不含港澳台)的区域创新水平进行评价,提炼出对区域创新水平影响最大的三个因素分别为智力引导因子、企业能力因子、交互能力因子;其次再采用K-means聚类分析的方法对中国31个省级行政区(不含港澳台)2018-2022年的三个影响区域创新水平的因素进行分析,根据其发展特点将其分为四类,分别为创新主体交互型、政府引导高校型、企业带动创新型、未来待改进型;最后针对性地提出了相应区域发展的一些引领性建议和可能性举措。

Factor value determination and applicability evaluation of universal soil loss equation in granite gneiss region

Six types of runoff plots were set up and an experimental study was carried out to examine natural rate of soil and water loss in the granite gneiss region of northern Jiangsu Province in China. Through correlation analysis of runoff and soil loss during 364 rainfall events, a simplified and convenient mathematical formula suitable for calculating the rainfall erosivity factor （R） for the local region was established. Other factors of the universal soil loss equation （USLE model） were also determined. Relative error analysis of the soil loss of various plots calculated by the USLE model on the basis of the observed values showed that the relative error ranged from -3.5% to 9.9% and the confidence level was more than 90%. In addition, the relative error was 5.64% for the terraced field and 12.36% for the sloping field in the practical application. Thus, the confidence level was above 87.64%. These results provide a scientific basis for forecasting and monitoring soil and water loss, for comprehensive management of small watersheds, and for soil and water conservation planning in the region.

京津冀地区PM_(2.5)与CO_(2)的协同控制效应及调控因素研究

京津冀地区面临着二氧化碳(CO_(2))减排和细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))浓度降低的双重挑战,研究该地区CO_(2)与PM_(2.5)的协同控制效应及调控因素演变特征,对其经济高质量发展与环境改善具有重要意义。文章基于2005-2020年人口栅格数据、夜间灯光数据以及统计年鉴数据,利用协同控制效应坐标系法和时空地理加权回归模型评估了京津冀地区CO_(2)排放量和PM_(2.5)浓度的协同控制效应及调控因素作用机制的时空异质性。结果表明:(1)京津冀地区实现CO_(2)和PM_(2.5)协同控制效应的区域呈现上升-下降-上升的变化趋势,在2019年达到最高,最高占比68.15%。(2)第三产业发达、清洁能源丰富或产业布局合理的城市更易实现CO_(2)排放量与PM_(2.5)浓度的共控。(3)产业结构、研发支出、对外开放程度和降雨量为京津冀地区协同控制CO_(2)排放量和PM_(2.5)浓度的主要因素,但这些调控因素的作用存在时空异质性。

最低工资调整对区域创新影响的实证研究

基于2005—2020年省级面板数据,实证考察了最低工资对区域创新的影响及其作用机制。考虑到最低工资与创新之间可能存在互为因果的关系,用滞后一期的最低工资作为工具变量来解决这一问题。实证结果发现,最低工资促进了区域创新,其影响机制是要素替代效应和人力资本积累效应。稳健性分析表明,最低工资与区域创新之间确实存在正向因果关系。而异质性分析则表明,最低工资对区域创新的影响存在明显的区域差异,这一影响在东部地区最为显著,西部地区次之,最弱的是中部地区。政府应该加大教育投资,提高劳动力质量,进一步优化教育和人力资本结构,通过相关政策激励企业根据自身实际情况开展在职培训,提高员工技能水平和人力资本积累,破除影响劳动力流动的障碍,促进劳动力在不同行业和地区间的流动,加快不同知识、思想和观念的沟通、碰撞与交流,提高不同技能劳动力的互补性,从而激励创新。

江西省57个淘宝村的发育水平差异及影响因素

运用熵权-TOPSIS法和空间分析技术评价淘宝村发育水平的时空特征并解释其影响因素。结果表明,从空间发育等级上看,总体呈赣北、赣南地区发展优于赣中地区的特征,发育水平高值区和低值区在赣南地区“交错式发展”,中等水平区广泛分布,呈以南昌市和赣州市为核心向四周辐射式发展的格局;从时间上看,缓慢起步阶段(2013—2016年)以红星村为起点扩散形成4个淘宝村,平稳增长阶段(2017—2018年)以每年4个淘宝村的增量稳步提升,快速蔓延阶段(2019—2021年)裂变式增至57个淘宝村;淘宝村数量和发育水平的核密度空间分布上虽然均呈现出“整体少量零散、局部相对集中”的不均衡现象,但在赣北形成了三角形高密度值区;淘宝村空间扩散的初期阶段以“点状”独立式发展为主,扩散中期依托专业带动,以点为核心向四周“以点带线”式发展,到了扩散后期主要以共同发展和政府扶植为主,进行“以线织网”式交织扩散;从影响因子看,淘宝村的发育是多种因素综合作用的结果,经济基础、交通水平和平台支撑是主要影响因素,服务水平、互联网水平和信息通讯对淘宝村的发育有正向影响。

基于寒地地域特点探析周围性面瘫的针灸治疗

周围性面瘫寒地高发,受寒地特殊的气候环境及寒地居民独特的生活方式影响,形成了寒地周围性面瘫极具地域特色的发病特点:脉络空虚,风邪侵袭,内外为患;寒邪稽留,血脉凝泣,肌肤失养;饮食偏嗜,痰湿盘踞,窜犯脉络。临床中医在诊病思路及施针方法上应基于寒地周围性面瘫患者的体质特点及其病邪特点,因地制宜、因人制宜,做到标本兼顾、审时度法与相因施针。

企业异质、地区异质与多要素流动

本文将企业异质、地区异质与多要素流动统一到新经济地理学的分析框架中,发展了企业异质的新经济地理学模型。研究结果表明,当满足产业集聚的强条件时,企业分布异质性的增强强化了产业集聚的“黑洞条件”,反之,则会强化产业的分散力;区域间异质性增大导致区域均衡发展越来越困难。如果区域间的初始禀赋条件相同,则对称结构可能是一种稳定均衡结构,这时对称结构稳定对应的贸易自由度范围最宽。反之,如果区域间的初始禀赋条件不同,这时内部一般非对称结构可能成为一种稳定均衡结构,但这时对应的贸易自由度范围有所变窄;在区域异质性的条件下,内部非对称结构可能是一种稳定均衡结构,当地区同质时,该内部非对称结构就会演变为对称稳定均衡结构,并且,存在多重稳定均衡结构的现象。随着贸易自由度的提高,集聚是可能的,也是渐进的,这一过程会变得可逆。

数字基础设施对区域经济差距的影响

基于我国2006—2021年282个地级及以上城市的数据,运用多种面板模型,实证分析数字基础设施对区域经济差距的影响及其作用机制。研究结果显示:(1)数字基础设施能够缩小区域经济差距,并具有显著的区位、城市层级和人口密度异质性;(2)要素市场化在数字基础设施对区域经济差距的影响中发挥了调节作用;(3)数字基础设施对区域经济差距的影响有明显的空间溢出效应,本地数字基础设施建设对邻近地区区域经济差距具有抑制效应。基于此,建议国家应持续加大科技研发投入力度,重视对科研人才得培养;大力推进数字基础设施建设下沉,为区域经济增长提供强有力的支撑;要强化区域合作,实现区域间的产业融合,进而缩小区域经济差距。

The Relative Importance of Natural Disturbances and Local Site Factors on Woody Vegetation Regeneration Diversity across a Large, Contiguous Forest Region

Stand-level diversity after natural disturbance can potentially differ across a large, contiguous forest region despite being dominated by the same canopy species throughout as differences in disturbance types and local site conditions can regulate species distribution. Our main objective was to examine the relative importance of natural disturbances (spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) outbreak, windthrow, and their interaction) and local site factors (climate, physiography, and stand structure and composition variables) on woody vegetation diversity among three, physiographically distinct locations across a large, contiguous forest region. Seventy-six Abies balsamea-Betula spp. stands affected by natural disturbance were compared and analysed using canonical ordination methods, diversity indices, and ANOVA. Different combinations of factors were important for vegetation re-establishment at each location. Differences in alpha (α), beta (β), gamma (γ), Shannon’s H’, and evenness (J) diversity indices were observed among locations across the study region. Our findings indicate that while certain processes are important for maintaining canopy dominance by Abies balsamea and Betula spp. throughout the region, different combinations of factors were important for creating variation in woody species diversity among locations that resulted in greater woody species diversity at the regional scale.