Measurement of self-development capacity in the contiguous destitute mountainous areas, China

Affected by the mountainous location and ecological vulnerability, the incidence of poverty in contiguous destitute mountainous areas is higher than that in other regions of China. Regional selfdevelopment capacity is an internal driving force for poverty reduction in contiguous destitute mountainous areas. This study selects 17 indicators from the four dimensions: industrial capacity, market capacity, spatial capacity and soft power to measure the overall self-development capacity of 658 counties in 14 different mountain areas in China. The results show that self-development capacity is at a low level and the development of the different regions is unbalanced. The self-development capacity is low in the southwest and high in the east and "low in the middle, high around" in each study region. It has achieved a certain degree of improvement in 2011, 2013 and 2015. From the perspective of the four dimensions, industrial capacity is the constraint on the promotion of self-development capacity. Based on this, we should develop green industries in line with local realities and achieve industrial poverty eradication, but the expansion of space capacity should take into account the resources and environmental carrying capacity in these areas and should not be blindly expanded. Local leaders should be made to improve the local education level and public service level, improve social infrastructure, develop reserve strength for the future, and enhance future development potential.

TO WELCOME THE ERA OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY BY PERFECTING OUR OWN SELF-DEVELOPMENT CAPACITY

All staff members at our Academy praise the key decision made by the Party’s leading group at the CAS to implement the Program of Knowledge Innovation. Also, they believe the move offers both our Academy and its research institutes a precious opportunity for rejuvenating China’ s S&T endeavors at the turn of the century. Our Institute has a

THE SIMULATED STORAGE CAPACITY OF FLOOD AND WATERLOGGING IN THE TYPICAL AGRICULTURAL REGION IN JIANGHAN PLAIN

The Jianghan plain is one of the important bases of China’s agricultural productivity,located in central and southern Hubei province in the mi ddle reach of Yangtze River.The Jian ghan Plain is the one region of flood a nd waterlog-ging occurring frequently.The area is low-lying and is characterized by deep alluvial deposits,many smalle r rivers and numerous larger and shallow lakes fo rmed by meandering of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River.The alluvial plain is a honey-comb of waterways bordered by natura l levees,and the depressional areas encompassed by these waterways are dish-shaped in cross-section.The s ystems of rivers and lakes are main we tland types in this area.Owing to wetlands in Jianghan plain-lake district fulfill the function related to the flood r egulation,the estimating of the sto rage capacity is use-ful to controlling and reducing the d isasters of flooding and waterlogging.In this paper,by selecting typic al experimental area,based on its DEM,the relation a mong the water level,area and volume of inundation in the typical region i s de-fined by using regression analysis.Based on the agricultural cultivating line in this region and the experim ent result of bear-ing the inundation for crop,we defin e the storage capacity of the typical region in Jianghan Plain -Lake distr ict.

ON REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF RIVER WATER ENVIRONMENT CAPACITY AND STRATEGIES TO CONTROL WATER ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION IN CHINA

China has large population and wide territory, the natural conditions of different regions are complicated. water resources are distributed unbalanced.economic developing states are unequal. For these reasons the variation of concerned water environment capacity has obvious character of regional differentiation. In this paper, from the economic development point of view, the regular pattern of regional differentiation of China's water environment capacity resources is analyzed. the concept of contradictory degree between water environment capacity and economic development is introduced, based on them, rivers in China are divided into three regions, and corresponding strategies to control water pollution are advanced. The aims are to use river water environment capacity resources effectively. to control pollution and to improve environmental quality.

Regional carrying capacity: case studies of Bohai Rim area

Carrying capacity research has been carried out for a long time. However, synthesized carrying capacity researches based on systematic views began only in the 1970s. There is even less work done in China. This paper tries to address both synthesized carrying capacity research and its utilization in China. State spaces method from the systematic science was borrowed to construct the conceptual model of regional carrying capacity. Based on the conceptual model and the surveys in the Bohai Rim area, we construct a representative indicators system for quantifying regional carrying capacity in the Bohai Rim. While employing system dynamic models we simulated the evolving trend of both the regional carrying states and regional carrying capacity from 1999 to 2015. The results proved the statement that Bohai Rim is overall over-capacity for a long time and will be over-capacity in the foreseeable future. Among all the restriction factors, water shortage and environmental pollution stand out to be the two primary obstacles for Bohai Rims sustainable development. Regional differentiation analysis further indicates that coastal areas of the Bohai Rim burden more than its overall level. However, Shandong province shows some good signs in addressing the regional carrying capacity issues. The research is successful in addressing the quantification of regional carrying capacity issues, but nonetheless it needs further refinery and more information.

Effect of regional ecological carrying capacity on economic transformation

Combined with the actual situation of the western region city of Zunyi, the three subsystems including social, economic and natural environment evaluation index systems of ECC have been built based on the theory of ecological carrying capacity(ECC). In addition, the factor analysis method has been used and the influence factors on the ECC in the economic transition have been gained. The results show that factors of ECC in the three subsystems have different influence: 1) the natural subsystem, which contains factors on the ECC, has obvious limitation, and it has the greatest influence on industrial waste discharge per capita; 2) the social subsystem has a restriction on the ECC, which affects the traffic environment mostly; 3) the economic subsystem has a certain restriction on ECC, which has a large effect on the consumption level per capita.

Spatial and Dynamic Analysis of Regional Sustainable Development Using Geographic Information System and Relative Carrying Capacity of Resources

Relative carrying capacity of resources is an index to measure sustainable development through carrying capacity. Case studies of eleven cities in Zhejiang (Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Jiaxing, Huzhou, Shaoxing, Jinhua, Quzhou, Zhoushan, Taizhou and Lishui) illustrated regional sustainable development approach. In this study, to provide insight into spatial and dynamic analysis of region sustainable development, we calculated the relative carrying capacity of land resources and economical resources and synthetical carrying capacity of resources in different cities in Zhejiang, and geographic information system was carried out. The results showed that all cities but Hangzhou and Ningbo were ecologically sustainable, and relative carrying capacity of land resources in northern and eastern Zhejiang was larger than those in southern and western Zhejiang. The sampling years of Wenzhou, Hangzhou and Ningbo contribution rates of land resource to synthetic carrying capacity were grouped into three stages, and there were two milestones trends and changes in 1996 and 2004, respectively. This study demonstrated that geographic information system and relative carrying capacity of resources are effective for assessment of region sustainable development, and provide policy guidelines for decision-making.

Evaluation on water resources carrying capacity of Changchun-Jilin Region

Based on such principles as sustainable development and ecological cycle, this paper evaluates the water resources carrying capacity(WCC) of Changchun-Jilin region using a population-economy-water resources correlation evaluation model built on the basis of WCC evaluation method as elaborated in the methodology of Functional Zoning of Population Development. Results show that the annual WCC of Changchun-Jilin region is able to support the population there, as a basic balance is struck between population and water resources. The incorporation of WCC into overall urban planning is one of the building blocks for sustainable city development with an advisable size.

Carrying Capacity of Marine Region in Liaoning Province

Carrying capacity is one of important studies on coordinating development of population,resources,and environment.At present,the researches on it mainly concentrate on the carrying capacity for population and economy,such as the water resources carrying capacity,the land resources carrying capacity,the environment carrying capacity,etc.Based on the related theories and methods,this paper creatively proposed the concept and meaning of carrying capacity of marine region,and formed the appraisal system.According to the developing situation of marine economy of Liaoning Province in recent years,and by employing the method of the state space,this paper also measured the carrying capacity and carrying state of marine region and discussed the sustainable problems of marine economy of Liaoning.The research results show that the carrying state of marine region of Liaoning is in the state of overloading at present,but taking a favorable turn.

A Study on Marine Region Carrying Capacity and Eco-compensation

With the using up of land resources, people are beginning to pay attention to the exploitation of the ocean and the use of marine resources is becoming more and more intense. Whether and how the ocean can be sustainably exploited as it is being exploited is an academic hot topic. This question is addressed in this paper based on the theories of carrying capacity of a marine region and marine eco-compensation, and the amount of the loss is calculated by the method of Time Value of Capital. This thesis covers the study of eco-compensation between two specific subjects with clear compensation objects, and as a defined approach and standard, the proposed method has good operability and positive practical significance in the good use of the ocean.

ABSTRACT CAPACITY OF REGIONS AND COMPACT EMBEDDING WITH APPLICATIONS

The weighted Sobolev-Lions type spaces W pl,γ（Ω; E0, E） = W pl,γ（Ω; E） ∩ Lp,γ （Ω; E0） are studied, where E0, E are two Banach spaces and E0 is continuously and densely embedded on E. A new concept of capacity of region Ω ∈ Rn in W pl,γ（; E0, E） is introduced. Several conditions in terms of capacity of region Ω and interpolations of E0 and E are found such that ensure the continuity and compactness of embedding operators. In particular, the most regular class of interpolation spaces Eα between E0 and E, depending of α and l, are found such that mixed differential operators Dα are bounded and compact from W pl,γ（Ω; E0, E） to Eα-valued Lp,γ spaces. In applications, the maximal regularity for differential-operator equations with parameters are studied.

REMOTE SESING INVESTIGATION AND APPRAISAL OF LAND USE AND CAPACITY IN THE REGION OF THE YANGTZE RIVER GORGES’PROJECT

The region around the Three Gorges project on the Yangtze River has an area of 62552 square kilometres and population of 20.14 million. It limits a range hetween the sorth-north watersheds and from Yichang of Hubei Province to Jiangjin of Sichuan, including 24 cities and counties-Chongjing, Yichang and Wanxian etc. In this region, relief are mainly hills and middle-low mountains. Remote censing investigation and appraisal of land use and capacity which are two of the major restrict factors for the Three Gorges project have provided related scientific bases for macro-dicision-making of the project.

ON THE CAPACITY REGION OF WIRELESS AD HOC RELAY NETWORKS

Network capacity is a key characteristic to evaluate the performance of wireless networks. The goal of this paper is to study the capacity of wireless ad hoc relay network. In the model, there is at most ns source nodes transmitting signal simultaneously in the network and the arbitrarily complex network coding is allowed. The upper capacity bound of the network model are derived from the max-flow min-cut theorem and the lower capacity bound are obtained by the rate-distortion function for the Gaussian source. Finally, simula-tion results show that the upper network capacity will decrease as the number of source nodes is increased.

Comparison and Evaluation of Two Analytical Methods for Cation Exchange Capacity and Exchangeable Sodium Percentage of Five Soil Types in Central Sudan

Twenty-six soil samples were collected from five soil profiles at different climatological and ecological regions in central Sudan. Soil profile was dug in each studied area and morphological profile description was carried out for different horizons. All samples were analyzed using two different methods to determine Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP). Statistical analysis (T-test) was used in order to investigate the differences between soil samples for the studied locations. Significant differences appeared when compared the two methods for CEC determination at Gedaref area, Wad Medani and Nile flood plain and that appeared in evaluation of ESP at Nile flood plain and Shambat area. The results also revealed that, the developed method used in this study was more practical, simple and reliable for determination of CEC and ESP as the currently used in most soil laboratories. In addition, it will be safer than the other methods in some problematic soils. The adoption of this developed method is advisable because it is less time consuming as it omits the washing step. In contrast, the old method cannot be a good substitute in laboratories which have no possibility to determine sodium by using flame photometer. We conclude that when the developed method is used to determine CEC and ESP time will be saved, that fewer amounts of chemicals will be used and that accurate results will be achieved.

Application of spatially varying storage capacity model for runoff parameterization in semi-arid catchment

This paper introduces the method of designation of water storage capacity for each grid cell within a catchment, which considers topography, vegetation and soil synthetically. For the purpose of hydrological process simulation in semi-arid regions, a spatially varying storage capacity （VSC） model was developed based on the spatial distribution of water storage capacity and the vertical hybrid runoff mechanism. To verify the applicability of the VSC model, both the VSC model and a hybrid runoff model were used to simulate daily runoff processes in the catchment upstream of the Dianzi hydrological station from 1973 to 1979. The results showed that the annual average Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.80 for the VSC model, and only 0.67 for the hybrid runoff model. The higher annual average Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of the VSC model means that this hydrological model can better simulate daily runoff processes in semi-arid regions. Furthermore, as a distributed hydrological model, the VSC model can be applied in regional water resource management.

基于CRITIC-TOPSIS的中国区域碳减排能力评价及空间分析

气候变化是全人类的共同挑战,中国在气候治理行动中,期望在最短时间内完成碳排放强度全球最大降幅。实现碳达峰碳中和,需统筹处理好整体和局部的关系,有效评价区域碳减排能力。基于CRITIC-TOPSIS法对2015—2019年中国区域碳减排能力进行测度评价,结合GIS技术对碳减排能力空间特征开展分析。结果表明:指标权重随社会变化不断发生动态变化;碳减排能力区域差异显著,呈现明显的东部高,中西部低的现象;区域碳减排能力发展水平空间自相关性显著,其中高值聚类显著性更强,空间分布出现“俱乐部趋同”现象。最后,对目前区域碳减排能力存在的问题提出了相应的对策建议。

寒区电动公交充电站选址及定容规划研究

寒区低温环境导致电动公交动力电池容量衰减,充电设施服务范围及规划数量受到影响,给电动公交充电站选址及定容规划带来挑战。为提高电动公交充电站的低温适应性,提出针对寒区电动公交充电站的选址算法及定容模型。首先,在选址规划中,构建充电站渐进覆盖服务半径,利用改进近邻传播聚类算法确定充电站选址点,基于算法聚类中心构建充电站Voronoi图划分充电集群。其次,在定容规划中,构建动力电池低温容量衰减模型,确定寒区电动公交的充电需求;基于容量有限的截尾排队论模型建立充电站有效服务强度、拒绝服务率及充电满意度等约束;引入成本权衡系数,以规划年限内全社会成本最小为优化目标,建立寒区充电站定容规划模型,并设计遗传算法进行求解。最后,以哈尔滨市市区电动公交充电站选址定容规划为例进行分析,算例结果得到9个充电站选址点及其充电集群,以及各充电站的充电机配置数量和各项成本。针对环境温度和成本权衡系数进行灵敏度分析,结果表明:寒区低温环境对充电站的充电机配置数量和各项成本有显著影响,合理权衡充电站和电动公交两者利益有助于提高充电服务满意度,降低全社会成本。

基于城镇要素集聚能力视角的重庆市区域发展空间分异研究

为了揭示重庆市38个区县在2005—2019年间区域发展空间分异情况,本研究基于城镇要素集聚能力指数,结合崔王指数、障碍度评价法展开实证分析。结果表明:(1)区域发展水平整体呈螺旋式上升趋势,空间上呈现出明显的核心(主城区)—外围(非主城区)结构特征,但分异程度在不断下降。(2)非农产业产值、人均GDP、非农就业人数、年末金融机构贷款余额、公共财政预算收入、空间规模以上企业总产值等因子是导致重庆市38个区县城镇要素集聚能力空间分异的关键性因子,其作用机理与重庆市地形区位、要素流动可达性和贫困区县空间分布所形成的“发展势能”的空间分异密切相关。(3)为了实现要素自由流动和区域协调发展,提出进一步强化主城区的核心集聚能力和扩散带动作用、弱化地形对空间相互作用的影响、构建“一圈两翼、一主两副”空间结构、深化“走出去、引进来”对外开放战略、强化(科技、体制机制、人才等)创新和生态文明建设引领作用等的对策建议。研究表明源于城镇要素集聚能力的区域发展空间分异研究方法,可以形象地将要素移动呈现在“发展势能”和要素移动成本的变化曲线中,对于深挖区域发展空间分异的主要影响因素及其形成机理具有较强的解释力;重庆市可以从区域城镇要素低成本自由流动、核心对外围辐射带动作用层面构建区域协调发展实现路径。

基于全纯嵌入法的配电网光伏接纳能力评估方法

针对大规模分布式光伏接入给配电网带来的电压越限风险,提出了一种基于改进全纯嵌入法的光伏接纳能力评估方法。首先,引入离散-聚合方法对时序数据进行处理,利用所生成极端场景集代替原序列进行接纳能力评估;其次,在传统全纯嵌入模型基础上构建了自定义方向模型,进一步推导了满足电压约束的可行域范围,并将节点Sigma轨迹与可行域边界相交作为单次运算下光伏最大接纳容量的判据;然后,利用蒙特卡罗模拟生成相互独立的光伏接入方案,使用所提判据确定各方案下极端场景集对应的接纳容量;最后,统计计算结果,获取光伏接纳容量的累计分布曲线,以此确定电压越限风险下系统的光伏接纳能力。在IEEE 33节点配电网系统上验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。