Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes.Despite the popularity of the term"eco-efficiency"in bu...Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes.Despite the popularity of the term"eco-efficiency"in business,limited attention has been paid to measuring and reporting regional eco-efficiency for local government policy makers.Based on the concept and method of eco-efficiency,an indicator system of regional eco-efficiency is established in this study.The indicator system comprises 22 indicators,which are divided in to three categories including socio-economic development,resources consumption, environmental pressure.As a promising statistical technique, principle component analysis is used to set the weight of indicators which attempts to calculate the eco-efficiency indices of Qingdao's Chengyang District.The results show that the eco-efficiency of Chengyang District has clearly improved 35.1% with small fluctuation from 1995 to 2003.Socio-economic development index and resources consumption index also represent obvious increasing trends.The correlation coefficient between soci-economic development index and resources consumption index is 0.979,which means the social progress and economic growth of Chengyang District depend on an extravagant consumption of resources.The environmental pressure index increased slowly before 1997 and declined gradually after 1997,due to more attention being paid to environmental protection by local government in recent years.Chengyang District still keeps the traditional economic development mode with a high consumption and high production,so the emphases of future development should put on improving the improving the efficient use of natural resources and promoting environmental management sustainability.The results show that the indicators system of regional eco-efficiency is a promising method to quantitatively evaluate resources and environmental efficiency and provide an effective decision-making support for local governments.展开更多
整理2005—2013年吉林省"3414"田间试验,选取不施氮和推荐施氮处理数据,研究不同生态区玉米的氮肥施用效果和肥料利用效率现状,探讨区域差异及其影响因素。结果显示,吉林省不同生态区的玉米产量水平差异显著,总体上以中部半...整理2005—2013年吉林省"3414"田间试验,选取不施氮和推荐施氮处理数据,研究不同生态区玉米的氮肥施用效果和肥料利用效率现状,探讨区域差异及其影响因素。结果显示,吉林省不同生态区的玉米产量水平差异显著,总体上以中部半湿润平原区最高,其次是东部湿润山区,西部半干旱平原区相对较低。不同生态区玉米施氮效果也存在差异,其中东部最高,施氮的平均增产量与增产率分别为2.44 t hm-2和38.4%,其次为中部(2.40 t hm-2,34.3%),西部则显著偏低(2.21 t hm-2,33.4%)。相比中、西部地区,东部地区玉米的氮肥利用效率显著较高,其平均氮肥农学利用率、偏生产力和肥料贡献率分别为16.6 kg kg-1、65.9 kg kg-1和25.0%。随不施氮处理产量的提高,各生态区施氮处理产量均呈上升趋势而氮肥贡献率呈下降趋势,其中,西部地区的相对变幅较中、东部地区更为明显。可见,应根据区域气候环境条件和施氮响应特征对氮肥进行合理的配置与施用,建议吉林中部地区以维持作物需求为标准适当减少施氮量,东部地区可适度增加施氮量并配合栽培措施以消减光温资源不足对产量的限制,而西部地区应在培肥地力基础上推广高效节水用水技术,发挥水氮耦合效应以促进高产高效。展开更多
文摘Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes.Despite the popularity of the term"eco-efficiency"in business,limited attention has been paid to measuring and reporting regional eco-efficiency for local government policy makers.Based on the concept and method of eco-efficiency,an indicator system of regional eco-efficiency is established in this study.The indicator system comprises 22 indicators,which are divided in to three categories including socio-economic development,resources consumption, environmental pressure.As a promising statistical technique, principle component analysis is used to set the weight of indicators which attempts to calculate the eco-efficiency indices of Qingdao's Chengyang District.The results show that the eco-efficiency of Chengyang District has clearly improved 35.1% with small fluctuation from 1995 to 2003.Socio-economic development index and resources consumption index also represent obvious increasing trends.The correlation coefficient between soci-economic development index and resources consumption index is 0.979,which means the social progress and economic growth of Chengyang District depend on an extravagant consumption of resources.The environmental pressure index increased slowly before 1997 and declined gradually after 1997,due to more attention being paid to environmental protection by local government in recent years.Chengyang District still keeps the traditional economic development mode with a high consumption and high production,so the emphases of future development should put on improving the improving the efficient use of natural resources and promoting environmental management sustainability.The results show that the indicators system of regional eco-efficiency is a promising method to quantitatively evaluate resources and environmental efficiency and provide an effective decision-making support for local governments.
文摘整理2005—2013年吉林省"3414"田间试验,选取不施氮和推荐施氮处理数据,研究不同生态区玉米的氮肥施用效果和肥料利用效率现状,探讨区域差异及其影响因素。结果显示,吉林省不同生态区的玉米产量水平差异显著,总体上以中部半湿润平原区最高,其次是东部湿润山区,西部半干旱平原区相对较低。不同生态区玉米施氮效果也存在差异,其中东部最高,施氮的平均增产量与增产率分别为2.44 t hm-2和38.4%,其次为中部(2.40 t hm-2,34.3%),西部则显著偏低(2.21 t hm-2,33.4%)。相比中、西部地区,东部地区玉米的氮肥利用效率显著较高,其平均氮肥农学利用率、偏生产力和肥料贡献率分别为16.6 kg kg-1、65.9 kg kg-1和25.0%。随不施氮处理产量的提高,各生态区施氮处理产量均呈上升趋势而氮肥贡献率呈下降趋势,其中,西部地区的相对变幅较中、东部地区更为明显。可见,应根据区域气候环境条件和施氮响应特征对氮肥进行合理的配置与施用,建议吉林中部地区以维持作物需求为标准适当减少施氮量,东部地区可适度增加施氮量并配合栽培措施以消减光温资源不足对产量的限制,而西部地区应在培肥地力基础上推广高效节水用水技术,发挥水氮耦合效应以促进高产高效。
