Diagnostic Study of an Extreme Explosive Cyclone over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension Region

Explosive cyclones(ECs)occur frequently over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension region.The most rapidly intensified EC over the Kuroshio/Kuroshio Extension region during the 42 years(1979-2020)of cold seasons(October-April)was studied to reveal the variations of the key factors at different explosive-developing stages.This EC had weak low-level baroclinicity,mid-level cyclonic-vorticity advection,and strong low-level water vapor convergence at the initial explosive-developing stage.The low-level baroclinicity and mid-level cyclonic-vorticity advection increased substantially during the maximum-deepening-rate stage.The diagnostic analyses using the Zwack-Okossi equation showed that diabatic heating was the main contributor to the initial rapid intensification of this EC.The cyclonic-vorticity advection and warm-air advection enhanced rapidly in the middle and upper troposphere and contributed to the maximum rapid intensification,whereas the diabatic heating weakened slightly in the mid-low troposphere.The relative contribution of the diabatic heating decreased from the initial explosive-developing stage to the maximum-deepening-rate stage due to the enhancement of other factors(the cyclonic-vorticity advection and warm-air advection).Furthermore,the physical factors contributing to this EC varied with the explosive-developing stage.The non-key factors at the initial explosive-developing stage need attention to forecast the rapid intensification.

Present Situation of Rural Regional Development and Agricultural Extension Policy

The formulation of agricultural extension policy and the development of rural regional economy present the relationship of mutual existence,mutual influence and mutual promotion.Therefore,it is necessary to study the agricultural extension policy according to the current situation of rural regional development.Agricultural technology extension system is an organization set up at county and township levels to provide farmers with scientific research achievements and practical technical services on planting,animal husbandry,fishery,forestry,agricultural machinery and water conservancy,and it is an important carrier for implementing the strategy of developing agriculture through science and technology.On the basis of expounding the value and significance of rural regional economic development,this paper analyzes the problems existing in China s rural regional development from the aspects of rural infrastructure and public services,rural labor force s cultural and scientific level,rural grass-roots extension system,etc.,and puts forward corresponding measures against the problems.This study has certain theoretical reference value for promoting the all-round development of China s rural economy and realizing the great strategy of rural revitalization in China.

Post-Collisional Ductile Extensional Tectonic Framework in the UHP and HP Metamorphic Belts in the Dabie-Sulu Region, China

The present-day observable tectonic framework of the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) and high-pressure (HP) metamorphic belts in the Dabie-Sulu region was dominantly formed by an extensional process, mostly between 200 and 170 Ma, following the Triassic collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons. The framework that controls the present spatial distribution of UHP and HP metamorphic rocks in particular displays the typical features of a Cordilleran-type metamorphic core complex, in which at least four regional-scale, shallow-dipping detachment zones are recognized. Each of these detachment zones corresponds to a pressure gap of 0.5 to 2.0 GPa. The detachment zones separate the rocks exposed in the region into several petrotectonic units with different P-T conditions. The geometry and kinematics of both the detachment zones and the petrotectonic units show that the exhumation of UHP and HP metamorphic rocks in the Dabie-Sulu region was achieved, at least in part, by non-coaxial ductile flow in the multi-layered detachment zones, and by coaxial vertical shortening and horizontal stretching in the metamorphic units, under amphibolite- to greenschist-facies conditions, and in an extensional regime. All ductile extensional deformations occurred at depths below 10 to 15 km, i.e. below the brittle/ductile deformation transition.

An oceanic eddy statistical comparison using multiple observational data in the Kuroshio Extension region

Eddy characteristics derived from different data resources are compared： sea surface temperature（SST）, sea surface height anomaly（SSHA） and surface drifter trajectories. The comparison suggests that the eddy statistical characteristics are different using different variables to delineate eddies, but they show the similar trend. Based on the comparison, abnormal eddies with warm（cold） cores but counter-clockwise（clockwise） rotation are found in the Kuroshio Extension region.

Characteristics of crustal variation and extensional break-up in the Western Pacific back-arc region based on a wide-angle seismic profile

The marginal sea and back-arc basins in the Western Pacific Ocean have become the focus of tectonics due to their unique tectonic location.To understand the deep crustal structure in the back-arc region,we present a 545-kmlong active-source ocean bottom seismometer(OBS)wide-angle reflection/refraction profile in the East China Sea.The P wave velocity model shows that the Moho depth rises significantly,from approximately 30 km in the East China Sea shelf to approximately 16 km in the axis of the Okinawa Trough.The lower crustal high-velocity zone(HVZ)in the southern Okinawa Trough,with V_(p) of 6.8-7.3 km/s,is a remarkable manifestation of the mantle material upwelling and accretion to the lower crust.This confirms that the lower crustal high-velocity mantle accretion is developed in the southern Okinawa Trough.During the process of back-arc extension,the crustal structure of the southern Okinawa Trough is completely invaded and penetrated by the upper mantle material in the axis region.In some areas of the southern central graben,the crust may has broken up and entered the initial stage of seafloor spreading.The discontinuous HVZs in the lower crust in the back-arc region also indicate the migration of spreading centers in the back-arc region since the Cenozoic.The asthenosphere material upwelling in the continent-ocean transition zone is constantly driving the lithosphere eastward for episodic extension,and is causing evident tectonic migration in the Western Pacific back-arc region.

Review and Prospects on Rice Breeding and Extension in China

A large number of new varieties, especially hybrid rice, have been developed and released in China since 1998. The yield potential and grain quality of hybrid rice have also been improved significantly both for three-line and two-line hybrid rice including indica and japonica types as well. The trends on extension of rice varieties in China since 1986 has been marked by the increasing number of new varieties, decreasing annual planting area per variety, decreasing number of varieties with a large-scale extension area, while both the renewal rate and the proportion of core varieties with cross-provincial extension have remained unchanged. This current major problems and future goals of rice breeding and extension in China were also discussed.

The Extension Methods and Fecision-making Analysis on the Planting Dtructure of Dlope Garmland in Northern Shaanxi

Based on the resent research about the planting structure of slope farmland in northern Shaanxi,in order to increase the native's income,we use the theory of the extension methods to analyze the planting structure of slope farmland,so that we can get the extensive strategy,and put them into use for planting of slope farmland to make the native's income higher.

基于ANP与物元可拓模型的冻土区高速公路施工安全风险评价研究

冻土区高速公路施工难度大,施工过程受多种风险因素以及风险因素之间的联动效应影响,客观全面的施工安全风险评价需构建特定情境的风险评价指标体系,并考虑指标之间的相互作用,得出量化的风险数值。因此,研究提出网络分析法(ANP)与物元可拓模型相结合的风险评价模型。首先,构建总目标、4个一级指标和12个二级指标的三级冻土区高速公路施工安全风险评价指标体系;其次,建立指标相互关联的ANP网络结构模型,计算各级指标的综合权重;最后,根据物元可拓模型得出多级可拓评价结果。案例分析显示,该冻土区高速公路施工安全风险等级为3级(安全风险较大),与实际施工情况相符,进一步针对性地提出了加强施工安全的建议措施。

Application of Matter-element Model in Soil Nutrient Evaluation of Ecological Fragile Region

On the basis of the soil environment investigation in Da＇an City, Jilin Province, China, 40 soil samples from main land use types were obtained and tested by standard method. Soil organic matter （SOM）, total N （TN）, total P （TP）, total K （TK）, available N （AN）, available P （AP） and available K （AK） were chosen as the evaluation factors. A regional soil nutrient evaluation model was developed based on the matter-element model. The results show that the soil samples with nutrient grade Ⅱ-Ⅴ respectively account for 10%, 30%, 32.5% and 27.5%, and those with grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ account for 60% in all samples. The relationship between soil nutrients and land types indicates that the nutrients of farmland are relatively good, with 41.7% of soil samples with the nutrient grade Ⅳ and Ⅴ. The nutrients of saline-alkali land and sandy land are the worst, with 100% of soil samples with the nutrient grade IV and V. And the ratios of soil samples grade IV and V in grassland and wasteland are respectively 62.5 % and 54.55%. Generally speaking, the soil nutrients status in Da＇an City is poor, 60% of soil samples are in poor and extremely poor conditions, indicating that the soil has been severely eroded. Being a relatively superior evaluation method with more accurate resuits and spatial distribution consistency, matter-element analysis is more suitable for regional soil nutrient evaluation than previous models.

大神农架区域社区共建共管建设经验及发展建议

自然保护地是生态建设的核心载体,社区共建共管则是自然保护地管理中的重要内容,对自然资源保护和社会经济发展具有重要意义。文中依据通过实地走访、座谈交流和资料收集分析获得的结果,并结合有关典型案例总结归纳了该区域社区共建共管建设经验,分析了当前存在的主要问题;在此基础上,从整合优化保护地、建立完善发展机制、建立健全评估反馈机制等方面提出未来社区发展的实践方向,以期促进区域保护地建设发展,并为我国自然保护地的社区管理和建设提供参考。

建筑火灾顶棚射流的数值模拟及火焰扩展长度处理方法

探讨了建筑火灾数值模拟中常用的火焰区域获取方法及其优缺点。通过火灾动力学模拟软件(Fire Dynamics Simulator, FDS)对建筑火灾中的顶棚射流现象进行了模拟计算,其中考虑了不同火源热释放速率与不同火源距顶棚高度等条件的影响。分别采用连续图像法和温度阈值法获取了数值模拟中顶棚射流火焰扩展长度的数据,并与文献中基于试验建立的火焰扩展长度预测模进行了对比。结果表明:通过温度阈值法获取的火焰扩展长度数据受阈值取值的影响较大。通过连续图像法获取的火焰扩展长度数据可以较好地反映出火焰扩展在不同火源热释放速率及不同火源距顶棚高度等条件下的动态变化情况,与前人建立的火焰扩展长度预测模型之间的吻合较好,表明通过连续图像法获取的火焰扩展长度数据较为准确。建筑火灾数值模拟中的火焰扩展长度可通过基于单位体积热释放速率的连续火焰图像获取。研究结论可为建筑火灾数值模拟中火焰燃烧区域的确定提供参考。

区域公用品牌如何创新发展?——来自“潜江龙虾”农业技术创新的启示

农业技术的持续创新与有效推广是驱动区域公用品牌发展的重要途径之一。本文基于公共产品理论和多中心治理理论构建了一个区域公用品牌农业技术创新推广的分析框架,并以“潜江龙虾”为例探索了区域公用品牌发展中技术创新推广的现实路径和理论机制。研究发现,区域公用品牌的创新发展是在政府主导、市场和行业协会参与的“一主多元”协同创新机制下实现的。政府推广机构与科研院所联合攻关是区域公用品牌技术创新的关键,政策驱动、责任细化和项目建设是推进技术规模化、标准化应用的重要举措,而多样化的推广工具组合则有力地强化了推广效果并形成了有效的技术需求信息反馈。同时,龙头企业的协同创新和行业协会的积极参与也发挥了重要的作用。本文的研究结论为区域公用品牌的创新发展提供了可行性的路径参考,对农业技术创新与推广机制的优化提升具有实践借鉴意义。

粉煤灰综合利用商业模式探究

我国煤炭燃烧产生的粉煤灰年均产量高达6亿t,而其资源化利用率不足80%,将其堆弃填埋处理占用土地资源且极易引发生态隐患。在“无废城市”建设背景下,破解传统的粉煤灰综合利用困局,推进其综合利用商业模式由传统的线性模式向绿色循环可持续性商业模式转型至关重要。基于文献分析、重点区域和行业调研,提出了产业链延伸模式、区域内产业共生模式、跨区域产业共生模式3种粉煤灰综合利用的商业模式。应用商业模式画布方法,从价值创造、价值主张、价值传递、价值获取4个维度,分析3种粉煤灰综合利用商业模式的特征、应用场景、局限性。在此基础上,从促进技术创新、建立生态补偿机制、改革铁路运输、搭建信息化平台等方面提出了相应建议。

新生代区域伸展方向转变对珠三坳陷断裂体系发育演化的控制作用

沉积盆地内断裂体系的复杂性与多样性及其形成演化机制长期以来备受关注。以南海北部陆缘珠三坳陷为研究目标,在大量三维地震资料构造解析的基础上,分析了新生代区域伸展方向的转变规律,探讨了其对断裂体系发育演化的控制作用。研究结果表明:珠三坳陷断裂具有多走向、多级别、多性质的特点,依据断裂走向可以划分为NNE-NE、NWW-NW和近EW向3组,不同走向断裂发育特征、断裂性质及分布规律存在差异。新生代珠三坳陷区域伸展方向经历了顺时针旋转的演化,由古新-中始新世神狐-文昌组沉积期的NW-SE向,转变为晚始新-早中新世恩平-珠江组沉积期的近SN向,到中中新世韩江组沉积期至今的NNE-SSW向。新生代区域伸展方向的转变与先存断裂共同控制了珠三断裂体系的发育演化,整体上导致各演化阶段活动断裂特征存在差异。从具体断裂上看主要表现在:古新-始新世强烈活动的南断裂带南支西段在中晚期消亡;南断裂带北支不同分段的断裂性质存在一定差异;走向弯曲的琼海1号、南断裂带北支文昌B凹北段晚期发生局部构造反转。以上几方面现象共同反映了新生代区域伸展方向转变对珠三坳陷断裂体系发育演化的控制作用。

基础教育高质量发展视域下的师德内涵拓展及实现

基础教育高质量发展要求师德内涵拓展与提升。教师要更新教育理念,厚植教育情怀,创新教育方式方法,突出培养学生核心素养和关键能力,增强师德内涵拓展的主动性和融合性,突出其对象性和过程性,重视其开放性和研究性。区域和学校要进一步加强师德内涵拓展与转型的集体行动和协同提升,积极组织有效的新时代师德培训活动,打造推广典型,强化师德内涵构建的过程效益,按照师德内涵进行分类研讨,并加强师德内涵拓展课程资源开发共享,引导师德建设全程全域深入开展。

基于自适应邻域的非均匀点云数据封装方法

针对密度非均匀点云重建时难以控制网格生长范围的问题,研究了一种基于自适应邻域的非均匀点云数据封装方法。首先根据点云密度自适应地调整空间搜索球半径,然后利用投影法将邻域投影到二维平面,再根据约束准则寻找最优扩展点,逐步构建出网格曲面,最后利用孔洞修补方法修补网格中的孔洞。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效控制网格生长范围,构建出表达细节特征的网格曲面。

Leishmania infection and blood sources analysis in Phlebotomus chinensis (Diptera:Psychodidae) along extension region of the loess plateau, China

Background:Visceral leishmaniasis(VL)was one of the most important parasitic diseases in China,caused by Leishmania protozoans and transmitted by sand flies.Recently VL cases have reappeared in China,including the extension region of the Loess Plateau.The purpose of this study was to collect fundamental data on the host-vector VL system in the Loess Plateau to assist in the development of prevention and control measures.Methods:Sand flies were collected by light traps from rural areas in Shanxian,Henan,China in 2015,as well as in Wuxiang and Yangquan,Shanxi,China in 2017.The blood sources of sand flies were analyzed by PCR detecting the host-specific mitochondrial cytochrome b(mtDNA cyt b)gene fragments.Leishmania infection in sand flies was detected by amplifying and sequencing ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 1(ITS1).The Leishmania specific antibodies in the sera of local dogs were detected by ELISA kit.Results:Blood sources showed diversity in the extension region of the Loess Plateau,including human,chicken,dog,cattle,pig and goat.Multiple blood sources within a sand fly were observed in samples from Yangquan(17/118,14.4%)and Wuxiang(12/108,11.1%).Leishmania DNA was detected in sand flies collected from Yangquan with minimum infection rate of 1.00%.The ITS1 sequences were conserved with the Leishmania donowni complex.The positive rate of Leishmania specific antibodies in dogs was 5.97%.Conclusions:This study detected the blood sources and Leishmania parasites infection of sand flies by molecular methods in the extension region of Loess Plateau,China.A high epidemic risk of leishmaniasis is currently indicated by the results as the infection of Leishmania in sand flies,the extensive blood sources of sand flies including humans,and positive antibody of Leishmania in local dog sera.Given the recent increase of VL cases,asymptomatic patients,dogs and other potential infected animals should be screened and treated.Furthermore,the density of sand flies needs to be controlled and personal protection should be strengthened.

基于XML的电力营销数据智能抽取方法研究

电力信息化的发展使得电力营销系统中的数据量不断增加,导致在数据抽取过程中的数据转换能力较差,从而造成抽取结果召回率偏高的情况。针对这一情况,利用可扩展标记语言(XML)的转换能力,设计了新的电力营销数据智能抽取方法。将电力营销数据规范为小范围数据链形式,并应用超文本敏感标题搜索(HITS)算法获取数据源。设定XML数据转换工具,利用XML定位描述符实现数据区域定位。在设定数据抽取规则与抽取内容的基础上,结合数据映射技术实现对电力营销数据的抽取。在性能测试过程中,将测试环境设定为平稳运行与数据入侵2种。通过对比结果可知,基于XML的抽取方法的召回率保持在7%以下,抽取耗时保持在800 ms以下,其值优于传统方法,充分证明了该方法的有效性。

Reservoir Characteristics and Favorable Area Prediction of Chang-6 Reservoir in Zhouguan Area, Ordos Basin

Based on the analysis of a large number of core samples, logging results, logging interpretation data and dynamic data in the study area, the characteristics of Chang 6 reservoir in Zhouguan area of Baihe area are studied, and the favorable reservoir areas in the study area are predicted. The results show that the lithology of Chang 6 reservoir is mainly light gray and gray fine-grained to very fine-grained feldspar lithic sandstone. The pore types are mainly residual intergranular pores and feldspar dissolved pores, including debris dissolved pores and microfractures. The porosity and permeability values are low, which belongs to low porosity-low permeability and ultra-low permeability reservoirs. According to the reservoir distribution characteristics and related data, the Chang 6 reservoir in the study area is divided into two types, mainly Class II and Class III reservoirs. The comprehensive evaluation predicts that the spatial distribution of the favorable area of Chang 6 reservoir is not uniform, but the distribution area is large, which has broad exploration and development value, and provides the necessary conditions for the distribution study of the favorable oil-bearing zone in this area and the preparation for the next exploration and development.

对农作物品种大面积推广应用的思考

常言道“好品种是育种家选育的,大品种是种业推出来的”,因此一个优良的农作物新品种,如何能迅速应用于生产,尽快发挥其增产增收效用,进而成为主栽品种,很大程度上取决于种业对品种特性的认识和种业的推广策略。新审定的农作物品种并不是在审定委员会建议的同类适宜生态区的每一个小区域都能适应,常常存在着不同地区小气候的变化,而表现出品种适应性的差异,需要种子企业进一步的布点试种,以找到该品种的最适生长地域。因此,分析作物品种推广应用策略,明确农作物品种的市场需求和品种的特性,进一步细化作物品种的最适地区,加强品种提纯复壮,严控种子质量对农作物品种的大面积推广应用具有重要意义。