Progress of regional economic geography in China: a comparative study

Domestic and international literatures in economic geography in recent years showthat the disciplinary status of regional economic geography remains steay. Domesticliteratures prefer regional comprehensive development than that of international in theapplication fields. The process of establishing theoretical system with Chinese characteristocscontinues and has made some progress. The economic regions element theory, developmenttheory and management theory have been added to the already existed theory system. Theconstruction of comprehensive and integrated methodology system has initiated.

Emergy-based study on eco-economic system of arid and semi-arid region:a case of Gansu province,China

Taking Gansu province as a model case,this study provides an integrated analysis on the eco-economic system of arid and semi-arid region based on emergy synthesis theory. Through calculating the values of renewable emergy flow,non-renewable resources,imported emergy,exported emergy,waste emergy,and total emergy during the period of 1978-2007,the performance of Gansu eco-economic system was analyzed. The results indicated that the renewable emergy flow within the province basically remained steady state which was estimated at 2.99×1022 solar emjoules (sej) from 1978 to 2007. The imported emergy and exported emergy were estimated at 3.75×1017 sej and 2.99×1020 sej in 1978 and increased to 1.07×1022 sej and 1.44×1022 sej respectively in 2007. The nonrenewable emergy flow was estimated at 1.62×1022 sej and increased to 1.85×1023 sej,with annual growth rate of 8.7%,while the estimated total emergy was 4.58×1022 sej in 1978 and increased to 2.11×1023 sej in 2007,with annual growth rate of 5.41%. Our results indicate a deteriorate situation between economic development and environmental protection in the region. The rapid economic growth in the past thirty years was based on a great consumption of nonrenewable resource and caused continuous decrease in the capacity of sustainable development. The environmental loading ratio was 0.53 in 1978,increased to 6.06 in 2007,indicating a rapid degradation of the regional environment quality. We calculated that the actual population was 1.53 times the renewable resource population in 1978,increased to 7.06 times in 2007. During the period of 1978-2007,the emergy rose from 2.45×1015 sej/(capita·a) to 8.07×1015 sej/(capita·a). Our analysis revealed that the emergy density presented a trend of gradual increase,and then the emergy currency ratio in Gansu decreased from 7.08×1013 sej/Chinese Yuan to 7.82×1012 sej/Chinese Yuan.

PROGRESS OF CHINESE REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY STUDIES IN RECENT TWENTY YEARS

Regional geography, embodying the regionality and integration, is the kernel of Geography. Since the 1980s, the Chinese geographers have extensively taken part in the social practical activities and made progress in physico geographical regionalization, economic regionalization, territorial (regional) development planning, construction of special economic zone, and integrated research in the major areas of China. Through these works, the theories of regional geography have been richened and the capacity participating in the social practice promoted as well. In China, many regional researches had been conducted respectively from the aspects of regional physico geography and regional economic geography, etc. According to the cases, this paper gives a review on the studies of regional geography during the latest two decades in China. It ought to be indicated that the natural and human components should be combined and the disciplines intersected and permeated, with the support of advanced technology. In order to serve the regional sustainable development, on the background of global change, this is an inevitable tendency for the development of the regional geography.

Pattern of Opening Up,Integration and Reshaping Economic Geography——A New Economic Geography Analysis of the Belt and Road Initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the central government has implemented several regional development plans,including the Belt and Road Initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Belt,aiming to reshape the economic geography of China.This paper is based on the Belt and Road Initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Belt and outlines the pattern of opening up.To analyze the impact of the pattern of opening up on the regional integration of China's economic geography,this paper has developed a new economic geography model comprised of four regions and two countries.From this,it draws some conclusions.First,the change of pattern of opening up will lead to shifting centripetal and centrifugal forces from the international market.The greater the scale of neighboring markets,the stronger the agglomeration force will be; the more product varieties made in neighboring countries,the more potent its dispersion force.Second,developing an inland international trade corridor will decentralize industry distribution and reduce the impact of external market integration on home countries.Third,the inland international trade corridor could alter the effect of domestic market integration on the economic geography.When domestic integration occurs prior to international integration,further integration of a domestic market leads to greater industrial distribution along a bell-shaped curve,which describes economic activities from dispersion to agglomeration to decentralization.Therefore,developing an integrated market system of major countries and opening a corridor between China and Europe is not only the key to reshaping China's economic geography but also the path to solving the problems of the Heihe-Tengchong Line.

Regional Innovation Policies for High-Technology Firms： The Importance of the Cluster Life Cycle

The present work makes an in-depth analysis of an aspect not yet sufficiently examined by the studies into regional innovation systems, relating to why the policy makers must adopt regional innovation policies in accordance with the development cycle of the active clusters in the territory. The analysis carried out in the course of the work contributes towards understanding the validity of an evolutionary-type development model for which the regional innovation policies for the growth of high-tech firms should dynamically change in relation to the various cluster stages. The development model proposed provides a framework for the policy makers in order to state more efficiently through time the regional innovation strategies.

Economic Agglomeration Should Not Be Blamed for Widening Income Gaps in China

Agglomeration of economic activities is a common phenomenon across the world. Theoretical and empirical studies have shown that agglomeration promotes dynamic efficiency, which in turn is conducive to the long-term prosperity of a country＇s economy. Compared with most countries, in China is very low, and Chinese cities the spatial concentration of various industries are relatively small and equal-sized. Thus, it is unnecessary to contain the agglomeration of economic activities in China. Widening regional gaps since pro-market reforms and opening-up in China should be ascribed to institutional barriers rather than agglomeration. Therefore, China should refrain from containing agglomeration and instead focus on integrating product and factor markets and improving education and health care in less developed areas.

我国区域体育产业高质量发展的内在机制、现实困境与纾困之道

区域体育产业高质量发展是推动体育融入国家重大区域发展战略、促进形成新的经济增长极的重要方面。本研究基于新经济地理学理论,采用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,从产业协同集聚视角分析区域体育产业高质量发展的内在机制,剖析当前的现实困境,并提出纾困之道。研究认为,区域体育产业协同集聚是集聚力和扩散力相互作用的结果,政府应通过有效刺激集聚而避免扩散来促进区域体育产业高质量发展。目前,我国区域体育产业高质量发展面临要素流动壁垒有待破除、产业政策体系亟待优化、市场发展存在短板、数字体育建设滞后等多重现实困境。为此,提出打破制约要素流动的体制机制壁垒、健全区域体育产业政策体系、构建更高水平的区域体育有效市场以及全面提升数字化水平的纾困之道。

经济发展阶段、要素条件变化与区域产业演化路径:后发国家视角

演化经济地理学将知识与技术置于分析的核心位置,重点关注技术关联在发达国家区域产业演化中的重要作用。然而,对后发国家来说,劳动力与资本等要素条件处于动态变化之中,会影响技术关联的作用。本文以演化经济地理学理论为基础,吸收相关经济学理论的合理成份,构建1个新的分析框架,探讨区域产业演化路径的阶段性调整。本文将经济发展阶段划分为刘易斯二元经济阶段、越过刘易斯转折点后阶段和创新发展阶段,从刘易斯二元经济理论、增长理论、后发国家赶超理论和新熊彼特主义演化经济学等理论中提取3个经济发展阶段生产要素的主要变动特征,在此基础上分析不同发展阶段要素条件变化与技术关联综合影响下的区域产业演化路径。本文研究结果可对后发国家区域产业演化提供一定启示。

企业异质、地区异质与多要素流动

本文将企业异质、地区异质与多要素流动统一到新经济地理学的分析框架中,发展了企业异质的新经济地理学模型。研究结果表明,当满足产业集聚的强条件时,企业分布异质性的增强强化了产业集聚的“黑洞条件”,反之,则会强化产业的分散力;区域间异质性增大导致区域均衡发展越来越困难。如果区域间的初始禀赋条件相同,则对称结构可能是一种稳定均衡结构,这时对称结构稳定对应的贸易自由度范围最宽。反之,如果区域间的初始禀赋条件不同,这时内部一般非对称结构可能成为一种稳定均衡结构,但这时对应的贸易自由度范围有所变窄;在区域异质性的条件下,内部非对称结构可能是一种稳定均衡结构,当地区同质时,该内部非对称结构就会演变为对称稳定均衡结构,并且,存在多重稳定均衡结构的现象。随着贸易自由度的提高,集聚是可能的,也是渐进的,这一过程会变得可逆。

区域协调发展与交通强国建设--全国经济地理研究会第二十六届年会综述

2023年10月28日,第二十六届全国经济地理研究会在湖南长沙举办。年会以“深入实施区域协调发展战略和加快建设交通强国”为主题展开研讨,与会专家围绕区域经济协调发展与区域重大战略、区域经济发展与交通强国建设、长江经济带高质量发展、区域发展与经济韧性、数字经济与碳排放、区域经济发展的热点问题等进行深入交流,为中国区域经济地理的发展提供了新颖的研究视角,并提出了相关对策建议。

企业异质性与地区生产率差距关系研究——来自长江中下游地区企业的证据

利用2020年长江中下游地区企业的微观数据验证企业异质性特征对地区生产率差距的影响,不仅扩展“新”新经济地理学实证方面的研究,也对制定区域经济协调发展政策具有一定的参考价值。结果表明:(1)在控制经济地理因素的条件下,企业的异质性特征对地区生产率有着显著影响;(2)不同企业的异质性特征对地区生产率的影响也存在差异,其中企业年龄的影响只在低生产率企业中显著,企业规模的影响随企业生产率的提高而增强,而人力资本投入、资本密度、国有股权占比和资产负债率的影响随着企业生产率的提高而减弱;(3)企业异质性特征在不同地区有明显的差距,其对生产率作用方向和影响强度不同,是导致不同地区生产率差异的重要原因。

Market Scale, Home Market Effect and Evolution of Spatial Economic Structure: China's Regional Coordinated Development on Different Spatial Scales

By using a new economic geography model of multi-region to study the impact of market scale on spatial economic structure,we find that the home market effect plays a key role in it.At different development periods,under external shocks such as transportation costs and so on,industry shares will change due to the distribution of market scale.The spatial economic structure will gradually evolve into such forms as single core or dual-core structure,especially"central collapse"will be found in the process.Such results can be used to analyze the practical problems,including the"central collapse"in the east,central and west regions of China,the structure of city clusters,etc.With the rapid development of transportation infrastructures,China will form a variety of development patterns on different spatial scales owing to home market effect.The regional convergence can be reached through reducing the economic distance and promoting agglomerative economies,which will help achieve regional coordinated development.

中国区域增长差异变动的影响因素研究——基于2010—2020年数据

2019年末暴发的新冠疫情影响范围广、持续时间长,对区域经济造成了较大程度的冲击,因此加入时间虚拟变量,分析疫情对区域经济差异的影响。在区域差异新态势上,考虑了地理、人口、产业等因素,从经济地理视角将全国划分为南北两大区域以及东中西三大区域,使用泰尔指数及其分解和核密度估计,分区域总结区域差异新态势。实证研究结果表明,时间虚拟变量显著,新冠疫情对区域经济发展造成了一定的负面影响,加大了南北区域差异。充分利用落后地区的要素禀赋,吸引人才资源和资本投入,是缩小东中西地区差异的重要路径。加大对外开放程度,推动进出口贸易发展,是缩小南北差异的重要举措。

多民族省区创新创业政策与地方创业活力关系——基于3D经济地理特征分析

多民族省区地方政府推行的创新创业政策的有效性受制于经济地理条件,受儒家文化下的经济地理条件的制约,存在显著的门槛效应。本文基于2002-2019年的多民族省区的省际面板数据检验相关假设,得出以下结论:多民族省区的创新创业政策对地方创业活力的影响满足3D经济地理特征门槛变量下的先抑制后促进的效应假说,随着时间的推移,多民族省区的创新创业客观3D经济地理特征不断改善,越来越多的多民族省区跨越了3D经济地理特征的门槛值,进入创新创业政策激发地方创业活力的上行区间。考虑儒家文化制约下的3D经济地理特征门槛效应时,应注意创新创业政策在达到门槛值前抑制创业活力、跨越门槛值后激发创业活力的现象,且将有更多的多民族省区进入创新创业政策激发创业活力的区间。这对进一步提升多民族省区地方政府实施创新创业政策的有效性具有现实的指导价值。

新经济地理视角下地区生产效率、质量投入与产业集聚

新经济地理发展下的异质性企业模型以生产率差异为基石,认为高生产率企业具有低边际生产成本,忽视了产品质量的垂直异质性。本文试图讨论地区生产效率和质量投入双重异质对产业集聚的影响,研究结果显示,市场非对称情况下,单独提高质量投入比单独提高生产率更有优势,单独提高质量投入会随着运输成本的下降而增加市场份额,单独提高生产率则会在运输成本降到一定阈值后导致地区市场份额的削弱;此外,生产率和质量投入“两头兼顾”的方式虽然会增加地区市场份额,但是其所带来的集聚力会弱于单独提高质量投入的方式。总的来看,未来把握好地区的质量投入才是扩大地区产业集聚和空间分布情况的重要途径。

中国西部开发战略创新的经济地理学理论基础

在分析了对中国区域发展产生重大影响的经济地理学理论的基础上，探讨西部开发的重大问题，就国家－地方－个人利益的协调、跨越式发展的可能性、以及经济建设与生态环境保护的关系等进行经济地理学理论层面的思考，论证了西部可持续发展的必要条件，进而提出了“富民”优先、缩小社会发展差距、建设特色经济、非均衡开发、东西合作等西部开发战略创新的基本思路．

金融地理学:国外地理学科研究新动向

金融地理学是近年来兴起的一门边缘交叉学科。鉴于国内对该学科研究的薄弱状态,文章对金融地理学的学术渊源、最新研究现状等多方面进行了探讨,并指出区域金融学与金融地理学的联系与区别,展望其应用前景,为金融学问题的探讨提出了全新的方法论和研究视角,并为其进一步研究奠定了初步的理论基础。

区域一体化研究综述:尺度、联系与边界

区域一体化是当今世界最具活力的经济现象之一,它是一个多维度的空间现象,也是一个多学科参与的科学问题。地理学独特的尺度、联系和边界视角对于理解区域一体化是如何改变世界经济格局及其对国家和区域发展的影响有重要意义。文章梳理了区域一体化理论和发展,以尺度、联系和边界的分析视角重新审视了快速发展的区域一体化进程,阐述了区域一体化的网络化特征和多维联系,重新定义了区域一体化中的多重边界,并从"全球―地方"联系的角度对区域一体化进程下有关区域和地方发展的研究进行了综述。区域一体化的实践表现出越来越多的网络特征,形成了以国家权力和关系为导向,涵盖多维度邻近的立体网络空间;区域一体化的边界效应重塑了全球经济格局,同时传统的领土边界依然重要;区域一体化的制度安排深刻影响了一国边境地区的发展和经济地理格局。最后,针对区域一体化,从尺度建构、内部联系、边界效应和多元分析框架等角度指出了亟待学界解决的一些问题,并展望了未来的研究趋势。

新经济地理学模型的政策含义及其对中国的启示

新经济地理学自1990年诞生至今获得了长足进展,然而对新经济地理学模型的实证研究以及相关的政策分析还很少,已有的研究主要针对特定的经济背景和经济结构。该文探讨一般意义上新经济地理学模型所体现的政策含义,包含政策的区域附带效应、门槛效应、地区滞后效应、非线性效应、选择效应和协作效应。这些效应对我国的一些区域政策给以启示。在"西部大开发"方面,政策介入的地区滞后效应可能会使"西部大开发"战略的实施效果降低;从基础设施建设方面看,地区间交易条件的改善并非单一的效果,交易条件改善对落后地区可能不利;从区域壁垒的角度看,欠发达地区建立的区域壁垒有其理性成分;"预期实现效应"在一定程度上为"地方营销"的实践提供了理论支持;在劳动力流动方面,户籍制度以及相应的制度安排可能产生政策的区域附带效应,从而导致区域差异在一定程度上的强化。最后给出政策含义的未来研究方向。

空间经济学的渊源与发展

空间经济学研究资源在空间的配置和经济活动的空间区位问题。本文系统地阐述了空间经济学的传统与演进,廓清了空间经济学和区域经济学及地理经济学的区别,指出了空间经济学的最新发展和现实意义。