“Lock-in Effect” to Be Blamed for Regional Development Imbalances

Reform and opening up has made China’s economy develop faster than ever. But it has not succeeded in changing the regional disparity in China. In this article, we establish a model factor input called the "lock-in effect" and analyze the channel of the lock-in effect and how it influences the regional economy. On the analyses of thirty provinces’ panel data in China from 1990 to 2005, we find that the lock-in effect of factor inputs further exacerbates the developmental imbalance among regions.

16-23S rRNA Spacer Region Polymorphism in Gangetic River Water Isolates of Salmonella

Salmonella is one of the major pathogenic bacteria present in contaminated water. 16-23S rRNA spacer region has been reported to be polymorphic at serovar level in Salmonella. Salmonella isolates obtained from Ganges river water were studied for 16-23S rRNA spacer region polymorphism. Thirty three isolates belonging to eight serovars (S. Typhimurium, S. Abuja, S. Pantypridd, S. Lagos, S. Chinkual, S. Zwickau, S. Goldenberg and S. Oritamerin) were studied for the polymorphism. Out of 33 isolates, 15 different profiles were observed no serovar specific profile. Our findings indicate that 16-23S rRNA spacer region is not specific at serovar level, but can be used for differentiation of different Salmonella isolates.

A Search for High-velocity Gas Associated H_2O Masers and Ultracompact HII Regions

With the objective of studying the relationships between high-velocity gas and water maser emissions the results of a search from 95 IRAS sources for high-velocity gas associated with star forming molecular clouds are reported. 21 sources have been identified as molecular outflow candidates.

Genetic Variation among Fragmented Populations of Atriplex halimus L. Using Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 Region Markers

Two forms of A. halimus shrubs: erect habit (A. halimus) and bushy habit shrub (A. schweinfurthii) are used naturally isolated by a considerable distance from each other and occupy the same area. To explore the effect of natural isolation on the genetic basis of the two forms, Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) and the phylogenetic relationships of A. halimus by sequencing ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions of the ribosomal DNA are used. Significant isolation-by-distance relationship was found (r = 0.62, P = 0.001). Soil factors did not influence molecular variations. The natural isolation of A. halimus habitats restricts gene flow among the populations and the observed high within-population genetic diversity (74.19%) in this species is best explained by its outcrossing behaviour, long-lived individuals and overlapping generations. The UPGMA analysis of the SCoT results showed that all the studied populations were divided into two discrete genetic groups with significant separation of the two forms in Burg El-Arab area (Populations 1 and 2) and insignificant separation between two forms in El-Hammam area (population 5 and 6). The sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA regions also showed the insignificant separation of the two A. halimus forms. We conclude that gene flow depending on habitat fragmentation was the main factor affecting the population genetic differentiation. We suggest that the two forms do not merit specific rank in presence of interference between the two forms and absence of a breeding barrier fail to separate the different populations when they become sympatric.

A New Interpretation of the Bipolar HII Region S106 from HCN J = 3 - 2 Mapping Observations

The first mapping observations of the bipolar HII region S106 in HCN J = 3 - 2 line were made by KOSMA submillimeter telescope in April, 2004. The results show that there is a bipolar outflow centered on the high-mass star S106 IRS4 and that the flat structure of molecular cloud core is perpendicular to the axis of the outflow. This image roughly corresponds to the optical image where a dark lane bisects the bipolar HII region. Together with the optical, infrared and radio data, we conclude that the central UC HII region and molecular outflow formed before the two lobes of the bipolar HII region, and that a neutral disk is responsible for the bipolar HII region and the outflow.

A multiwavelength study of the star forming HⅡ region Sh2-82

Based on a multiwavelength study, the interstellar medium and young stel- lar objects （YSOs） around the H II region Sh2-82 have been analyzed. Two molecular clumps were found from the archival data of the Galactic Ring Survey, and using the Two Micron All-Sky Survey catalog, we found two corresponding young clusters embedded in the molecular clumps. The very good relations between CO emission, infrared shells and YSOs suggest that it is probably a triggered star formation region from the expansion of Sh2-82. We further used the data from the Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire from Spitzer to study the YSOs within the two clumps, confirming star formation in this region. By spectral energy distribution fits to each YSO candidate with infrared excess, we derived the slope of the initial mass function. Finally, comparing the H II region＇s dynamical age and the fragmenta- tion time of the molecular shell, we discard the ＂collect and collapse＂ process as being the triggering mechanism for YSO formation. Sh2-82 can be a mixture of other pro- cesses such as radiative-driven implosion and/or collisions with pre-existing clumps.

基于“情景-任务-能力”的长三角传染病区域协同处置能力提升

提升传染病区域协同处置能力是深化长三角卫生健康协同发展的重要抓手。卫生应急演练是检验卫生应急体系建设的重要手段。本研究将“情景-任务-能力”的方法引入长三角传染病区域协同处置领域,以构建杭州亚运会测试赛期间发现登革热等输入传染病病例后区域协查和联动处置情景为例,分析应急处置5个阶段的任务、主要责任单位及任务要点,并以“区域联合风险评估和风险管理”为例,从预案方案、组织领导、人员、设备与系统、物资、培训、演练等7个方面着手,详细分析能力评估的内容。同时,采用“任务分类”的思想,针对属于第二类任务的区域联动涉及的协查、评估和培训等任务,以“区域联合风险评估和风险管理”任务为例,提出制定区域联合风险评估和风险管理协议或方案,成立区域卫生应急专家智库,加强区域公共卫生风险评估交流和统一培训等措施建议。

Dynamic changes of microbial community diversity in a photohydrogen producing reactor monitored by PCR-DGGE

A PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction) protocol was used for monitoring the dynamic changes in the microbial population during photohydrogen production. Total DNA was extracted directly from the mixed bacterial community in the reactor and subjected to PCR with V3-16S rDNA and pufM gene primers, and the amplifications were then analyzed by DGGE. The DGGE patterns demonstrated the dynamics of community structure and the shift of microbial diversity, which correspond...

Numerical simulation of characteristics of semidiurnal tidal waves in sea region around Taiwan

POM97, an oceanic model, has been used for the first time to the numerical study on the tidal waves of the as Regions around Taiwan. In this paper, we have got the result that the semidiurnal tidal waves of these area mainly are the co-operating tides which come from the south of 23'N of the western Pacific. Those semidiurnal tidal waves affecting the Taiwan Straits come respectively from the south and the north entrance of the channel, and the north tidal wave is stronger than the south one. The strongest tidal field is the area from the Meizhou Bay to the Xinhua Bay along the coast of Fujian Province, where the biggest amplitude of the M2 partial tide can reach 240 cm. The strongest tidal cur- rent fields lie in the Penghu watercourse, where the maximum velocity of the M2 partial tide can arrive at 196 m/s. In the horizontal structure of the tidal currets, we have found that there is a stream dot in the north of the channel, besides, there still exist four new ones. As for the vertical structure, it mainly is biassed to the right at the surface, and to the left near the bottom layer.

Quantifying urbanization levels on the Tibetan Plateau with high-resolution nighttime light data

The Tibetan Plateau(TP)is undergoing rapid urbanization.To improve urban sustainability and construct eco-logical security barriers,it is essential to quantify the spatial patterns of urbanization level on the TP,but the existing studies on the topic have been limited by the lack of socioeconomic data.This study aims to quantify the urbanization level on the TP in 2018 with Luojia1-01(LJ1-01)high-resolution nighttime light(NTL)data.Specifically,the compounded night light index is used to quantify spatial patterns of urbanization level at mul-tiple scales.The results showed that the TP had a low overall urbanization level with a large internal difference.The urbanization level in the northeast,southeast and south of the TP was relatively high,forming three hotspots centered in Xining City,Lhasa City and Shangri-La City,while the urbanization level in the central and western regions was relatively low.The analysis of influencing factors,based on the random forest model,showed that transportation and topography were the main factors affecting the TP’s spatial patterns of urbanization level.The comparison analysis with socioeconomic statistics and traditional NTL data showed that LJ1-01 NTL data can be used to more effectively quantify the urbanization level since it is more advantageous for reflecting the spatial extent of urban land and describing the spatial structure of socioeconomic activities within urban areas.These advantages are attributed to the high spatial resolution of the data,appropriate imaging time and unaf-fected by saturation phenomena.Thus,the proposed LJ1-01 NTL-based urbanization level measurement method has the potential for wide applications around the world,especially in less-developed regions lacking statistical data.Using this method,we refined the measurement of the TP’s urbanization level in 2018 for multiple scales including the region,basin,prefecture and county levels,which provides basic information for the further urban sustainability research on the TP.

Taxonomic Clarification of A Well-Known Pathogenic Scuticociliate,Miamiensis avidus Thompson&Moewus,1964(Ciliophora,Scuticociliatia)

Miamiensis avidus Thompson & Moewus,1964,is a cosmopolitan and well-known marine pathogenic ciliated protist.However,the taxonomy of this species up to now has remained controversial,especially with respect to the validity of the morphologically similar species,Philasterides dicentrarchi,which was considered as a junior synonym of M.avidus.In this study,a population of M.avidus was collected from the skin of pharaoh cuttlefish(Sepia pharaonis) cultured near the East China Sea,Ningbo,China and its morphology and phylogeny were investigated in detail based on living characters,infraciliature,small subunit(SSU) r DNA and ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2 region sequences.In addition,the morphometrics of a previously reported free-living population,collected from the Bohai Sea,were rechecked and analyzed.We compared the present two isolates with all historic populations of M.avidus and P.dicentrarchi,and found that their morphological characters were either highly similar or exactly identical,indicating that they are the same morphospecies.However,the phylogenetic analyses based on SSU r DNA or ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2 region sequences revealed that most M.avidus and P.dicentrarchi populations formed one clade,and the two isolates of M.avidus from Weifang and American Type Culture Collection clustered in another clade,which indicated that there might be cryptic species in Miamiensis avidus.

Discovery of Three Large HII Regions in the Galactic Plane

We discovered three large HⅡ regions： G148.8＋2.3, G149.5＋0.0 and G169.9＋2.0 in the Sino-German A6 cm polarization survey of the Galactic plane. They have been identified based on the flat spectral indexes and the strong infrared emission properties.

Evolution of a Long-lived Sunspot Group and Its Associated Solar-terrestrial Events

A long-lived sunspot group (AR9604) on the south hemisphere that lasted five solar rotations and produced some strong bursts is analyzed. The focus is on its evolving features. Its whole life was successfully maintained by four Emerging Flux Regions (EFRs). Apart from the one that lasted only a short time and did not produce any bursts, the other three EFRs have the following common features: (1) A positive writhe of magnetic flux tubes and a twist of the field lines of the same sign, indicating kink instability. (2) A clockwise rotation and a high tilt because the writhe was right-handed. (3) A compact 'island δ' structure of the sunspot group indicating concentrated kink instability. Since magnetic reconnection easily occurs at the kinked point of a very kink-unstable flux tube, these features should be the inducement of the strong bursts.

Magnetic Field Strengths and Structures from Radio Observations of Solar Active Regions

Radio observations of some active regions (ARs) obtained with the Nobeyama radioheliograph at λ=1.76 cm are used for estimating the magnetic field strength in the upper chromosphere, based on thermal bremsstrahlung. The results are compared with the magnetic field strength in the photosphere from observations with the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope (SMFT) at Huairou Solar Observing Station of Beijing Astronomical Observatory. The difference in the magnetic field strength between the two layers seems reasonable. The solar radio maps of active regions obtained with the Nobeyama radioheliograph, both in total intensity (I-map) and in circular polarizations (V-map), are compared with the optical magnetograms obtained with the SMFT. The comparison between the radio map in circular polarization and the longitudinal photospheric magnetogram of a plage region suggests that the radio map in circular polarization is a kind of magnetogram of the upper chromosphere. The comparison of the radio map in total intensity with the photo-spheric vector magnetogram of an AR shows that the radio map in total intensity gives indications of magnetic loops in the corona, thus we have a method of defining the coronal magnetic structure from the radio I-maps at λ=1.76 cm. Analysing the I-maps, we identified three components: (a) a compact bright source; (b) a narrow elongated structure connecting two main magnetic islands of opposite polarities (observed in both the optical and radio magnetograms); (c) a wide, diffuse, weak component that corresponds to a wide structure in the solar active region which shows in most cases an S or a reversed S contour, which is probably due to the differential rotation of the Sun. The last two components suggest coronal loops on different spatial scales above the neutral line of the longitudinal photospheric magnetic field.

Formation conditions and exploration direction of large natural gas reservoirs in the oil-prone Bohai Bay Basin, East China

The Bohai Bay Basin is a typical oil-prone basin, in which natural gas geological reserves have a small proportion. In this basin, the gas source rock is largely medium-deep lake mudstone with oil-prone type Ⅱ2-Ⅱ1 kerogens, and natural gas preservation conditions are poor due to active late tectonic movements. The formation conditions of large natural gas fields in the Bohai Bay Basin have been elusive. Based on the exploration results of Bohai Bay Basin and comparison with large gas fields in China and abroad, the formation conditions of conventional large-scale natural gas reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin were examined from accumulation dynamics, structure and sedimentation. The results show that the formation conditions of conventional large natural gas reservoirs in Bohai Bay Basin mainly include one core element and two key elements. The core factor is the strong sealing of Paleogene "quilt-like" overpressure mudstone. The two key factors include the rapid maturation and high-intensity gas generation of source rock in the late stage and large scale reservoir. On this basis, large-scale nature gas accumulation models in the Bohai Bay Basin have been worked out, including regional overpressure mudstone enriching model, local overpressure mudstone depleting model, sand-rich sedimentary subsag depleting model and late strongly-developed fault depleting model. It is found that Bozhong sag, northern Liaozhong sag and Banqiao sag have favorable conditions for the formation of large-scale natural gas reservoirs, and are worth exploring. The study results have important guidance for exploration of large scale natural gas reservoirs in the Bohai Bay Basin.

Searching for initial stage of massive star formation around the HⅡ region G18.2–0.3

Sometimes, early star formation can be found in cold and dense molecular clouds, such as an infrared dark cloud. Considering that star formation often occurs in clusters, H II regions may be triggering a new generation of star formation, so we can search for the initial stage of massive star formation around H II regions. Based on the above, this work introduces one method to search for the initial stage of massive star formation around H II regions. Towards one section of the H II region G18.2-0.3, multiwavelength observations are carried out to investigate its physical properties. Through analysis, we find three potential initial stages of massive star formation, suggesting that it is feasible to use in searching for the initial stage of massive star formation around H II regions.

Observation of a diverse deviation from macropore-formation theory in silicon electrochemistry

Via anodizing patterned and unpatterned samples with a high HF concentration （[HF]）, the degree of deviation from pore-formation theory was found to be markedly different. Based on the analysis of scanning electron microscope （SEM） micrographs and current-voltage （I - V） curves, the variation of physical and chemical parameters of patterned and unpatterned substrates was found to be crucial to the understanding of the observations. Our results indicate that the initial surface morphology of samples can have a considerable influence upon pore formation. The electric-field effect as well as current-burst-model was employed to interpret the underlying mechanism.