Establishing the Greater Food Approach and promoting the Yangtze River Economic Belt s national major regional development strategy can better support and serve the agricultural power and Chinese-style modernization.T...Establishing the Greater Food Approach and promoting the Yangtze River Economic Belt s national major regional development strategy can better support and serve the agricultural power and Chinese-style modernization.This paper introduces the characteristics of fruit industry in 16 autonomous prefectures and 47 autonomous counties under the jurisdiction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.It studies the intellectual property resources of brand marks from the aspects of geographical indications,collective trademarks,certification trademarks,well-known trademarks in China and national design patents,and analyzes the main problems of brand and high-quality development of fruit industry in these ethnic autonomous areas.Finally,it puts forward some strategies,such as improving the protection of intellectual property rights of geographical indications,using intellectual property rights of brand signs,building modern seed industry upgrading project,drawing lessons from the experience of thousand villages demonstration project,ensuring that large-scale poverty does not occur,and building a diversified food supply system.展开更多
The Dahongshan Fe-Cu(-Au)deposit is a superlarge deposit in the Kangdian metallogenic belt,southwestern China,comprising approximately 458 Mt of Fe ores(40%Fe)and 1.35 Mt Cu.Two main types of Fe-Cu(-Au)mineralization ...The Dahongshan Fe-Cu(-Au)deposit is a superlarge deposit in the Kangdian metallogenic belt,southwestern China,comprising approximately 458 Mt of Fe ores(40%Fe)and 1.35 Mt Cu.Two main types of Fe-Cu(-Au)mineralization are present in the Dahongshan deposit:(1)early submarine volcanic exhalation and sedimentary mineralization characterized by strata-bound fine-grained magnetite and banded Fe-Cu sulfide(pyrite and chalcopyrite)hosted in the Na-rich metavolcanic rocks;(2)late hydrothermal(-vein)type mineralization characterized by Fe-Cu sulfide veins in the hosted strata or massive coarse-grained magnetite orebodies controlled by faults.While previous studies have focused primarily on the early submarine volcanic and sedimentary mineralization of the deposit,data related to late hydrothermal mineralization is lacking.In order to establish the metallogenic age and ore-forming material source of the late hydrothermal(-vein)type mineralization,this paper reports the Re-Os dating of molybdenite from the late hydrothermal vein Fe-Cu orebody and H,O,S,and Pb isotopic compositions of the hydrothermal quartz-sulfide veins.The primary aim of this study was to establish the metallogenic age and ore-forming material source of the hydrothermal type orebody.Results show that the molybdenite separated from quartz-sulfide veins has a Re-Os isochron age of 831±11 Ma,indicating that the Dahongshan Fe-Cu deposit experienced hydrothermal superimposed mineralization in Neoproterozoic.The molybdenite has a Re concentration of 99.7-382.4 ppm,indicating that the Re of the hydrothermal vein ores were primarily derived from the mantle.The δ^(34)S values of sulfides from the hydrothermal ores are 2‰-8‰ showing multi-peak tower distribution,suggesting that S in the ore-forming period was primarily derived from magma and partially from calcareous sedimentary rock.Furthermore,the abundance of radioactive Pb increased significantly from ore-bearing strata to layered and hydrothermal vein ores,which may be related to the later hydrothermal transformation.The composition of H and O isotopes within the hydrothermal quartz indicates that the ore-forming fluid is a mixture of magmatic water and a small quantity of water.These results further indicate that the late hydrothermal orebodies were formed by the Neoproterozoic magmatic hydrothermal event,which might be related to the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent.Mantle derived magmatic hydrothermal fluid extracted ore-forming materials from the metavolcanic rocks of Dahongshan Group and formed the hydrothermal(-vein)type Fe-Cu orebodies by filling and metasomatism.展开更多
Petrography, microthermometry, and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS) studies were performed on the fluid inclusions in the ore-beating quartz veins and quartz phenocrysts in the p...Petrography, microthermometry, and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS) studies were performed on the fluid inclusions in the ore-beating quartz veins and quartz phenocrysts in the porphyry of the Chongjiang porphyry copper deposit. The analyses of the fluid inclusions indicate that the ore-forming fluids were exsolved from magma. They are near-saturated, supercritical, rich in volatile constituents, and have the capture temperature of 362-389℃ and salinities of 17.7wt%- 18.9wt% NaC1 eq. With the decreasing of temperature and pressure, the supercritical fluids were separated into a low salinity vapor phase and a high salinity liquid phase. During quartz-sericitization, the high salinity fluid boiled and separated into a low salinity vapor phase and a high salinity liquid phase. The high salinity inclusions that formed in the boiling process had daughter mineral melting temperatures higher than the homogenization temperatures of the vapor and liquid phases. The late fluids that are responsible for argillization are of lower temperature and salinity.展开更多
The loosely-typed, duty-overlapped and subject-isolated cooperative mechanism of the Belt and Road Initiative has significantly limited the advancement of the initiative and affected the full play of its cooperative e...The loosely-typed, duty-overlapped and subject-isolated cooperative mechanism of the Belt and Road Initiative has significantly limited the advancement of the initiative and affected the full play of its cooperative effect. New Regionalism is a theory of international relations that concerns international cooperation at the regional level. Its characteristics of multilevel, multi-topic and multi-subject conform to the cooperation needs of the Belt and Road Initiative and provide a guiding framework for the cooperative mechanism of the Initiative. According to the theoretical connotation of New Regionalism, the cooperative mechanism of the Belt and Road Initiative should enrich its cooperation forms, deepen cooperation topics and promote the participation of "State-Market-Society". This mechanism is expected to form various cooperation models, comprehensive governance and diversified participants to enable the smooth advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative.展开更多
This paper presents the results of our recent studies on the upper mantle composition in the Qinling Belt and East China . It discusses the methods of estimating the upper mantle composition, its selected elements and...This paper presents the results of our recent studies on the upper mantle composition in the Qinling Belt and East China . It discusses the methods of estimating the upper mantle composition, its selected elements and its constitution characteristics .The results indicate that ore-forming elements on ore types and their distribution in this area are strongly controlled by the upper mantle heterogeneity .展开更多
Sichuan is the strongest province in western China, and Chengdu is the first stop of the Silk Road and the Yangtze River Economic Zone. Qingbaijiang,the inception point of the Chengdu-Europe express railway, is an imp...Sichuan is the strongest province in western China, and Chengdu is the first stop of the Silk Road and the Yangtze River Economic Zone. Qingbaijiang,the inception point of the Chengdu-Europe express railway, is an important source of artifacts from the ancient Sichuan civilization, and Sichuan province, the land of abundance, is the cradle and base of ping-pong. Chengdu has been connected to展开更多
The present-day observable tectonic framework of the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) and high-pressure (HP) metamorphic belts in the Dabie-Sulu region was dominantly formed by an extensional process, mostly between 200 and 1...The present-day observable tectonic framework of the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) and high-pressure (HP) metamorphic belts in the Dabie-Sulu region was dominantly formed by an extensional process, mostly between 200 and 170 Ma, following the Triassic collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons. The framework that controls the present spatial distribution of UHP and HP metamorphic rocks in particular displays the typical features of a Cordilleran-type metamorphic core complex, in which at least four regional-scale, shallow-dipping detachment zones are recognized. Each of these detachment zones corresponds to a pressure gap of 0.5 to 2.0 GPa. The detachment zones separate the rocks exposed in the region into several petrotectonic units with different P-T conditions. The geometry and kinematics of both the detachment zones and the petrotectonic units show that the exhumation of UHP and HP metamorphic rocks in the Dabie-Sulu region was achieved, at least in part, by non-coaxial ductile flow in the multi-layered detachment zones, and by coaxial vertical shortening and horizontal stretching in the metamorphic units, under amphibolite- to greenschist-facies conditions, and in an extensional regime. All ductile extensional deformations occurred at depths below 10 to 15 km, i.e. below the brittle/ductile deformation transition.展开更多
The newly discovered Yangchongli gold deposit is a unique independent gold deposit in the Tongling ore-cluster region controlled by the tectonic alteration firstly discovered in the Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt (L...The newly discovered Yangchongli gold deposit is a unique independent gold deposit in the Tongling ore-cluster region controlled by the tectonic alteration firstly discovered in the Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt (LYMB). The host magmatic rocks mainly consist of monzodiorite and K-feldspar granite. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircons dating yielded weighted mean 206pb/23SU ages of 140.7 ± 1.8 Ma and 126.4 ±1.2 Ma for the monzodiorite and K-feldspar granite, respectively. Monzodiorites are enriched in Sr, Ba, Rb, and depleted in Y, Yb with high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, similar to the geochemical features of adakite, considered as products of differentiation of mafic magmas originating from lithospheric mantle melt/fluids caused by metasomatism during paleo-Pacific Plate subduction in the Mesozic. In contrast, the compositions of K-feldspar granites are A-type granites, indicating an extensional tectonic background. Gold ores hosted in the fracture zone occurred as quartz vein within cataclastic rock. Sulfur and lead isotopes from pyrites show crust-mantle mixing characteristics. Metal components from strata also took part in the gold mineralization, and resulted from two episodes of magmatism that were probably related to tectonic transition from a compressive to an extensional setting between 140-126 Ma, which led to the Mesozoic large-scale polymetallic mineralization events in eastern China.展开更多
The Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Sb polymetallic deposit is one of the most important deposits in the newly recognized southern Tibet antimony-gold metallogenic belt.Compared to the porphyry deposits in the Gangdese belt,much less...The Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Sb polymetallic deposit is one of the most important deposits in the newly recognized southern Tibet antimony-gold metallogenic belt.Compared to the porphyry deposits in the Gangdese belt,much less researches have addressed these deposits,and the genesis of the Zhaxikang deposit is still controversial.Based on field investigation,petrographic,microthermometric,Laser Raman Microprobe(LRM) and SEM/EDS analyses of fluid,melt-fluid,melt and solid inclusions in quartz and beryl from pegmatite,this paper documents the characteristics and the evolution of primary magmatic fluid which was genetically related to greisenization,pegmatitization,and silification in the area.The results show that the primary magmatic fluids were derived from unmixing between melt and fluid and underwent a phase separation process soon after the exsolution.The primary magmatic fluids are of low salinity,high temperature,and can be approximated by the H_2O-NaCl-CO_2 system.The presence of Mn-Fe carbonate in melt-fluid inclusions and a Zn-bearing mineral(gahnite) trapped in beryl and in inclusions from pegmatite indicates high Mn,Fe,and Zn concentrations in the parent magma and magmatic fluids,and implies a genetic link between pegmatite and Pb-Zn-Sb mineralization.High B and F concentrations in the parent magma largely lower the solidus of the magma and lead to late fluid exsolution,thus the primary magmatic fluids related to pegmatite have much lower temperature than those in most porphyry systems.Boiling of the primary magmatic fluids leads to high-salinity and high-temperature fluids which have high capacity to transport Pb,Zn and Sb.The decrease in temperature and mixing with fluids from other sources may have caused the precipitation of Pb-Zn-Sn(Au) minerals in the distal fault systems surrounding the causative intrusion.展开更多
Scientific collaboration has become an important part of the people-to-people exchanges in the Belt and Road initiative,and remarkable progress has been made since 2013.Taking the 65 countries along the Belt and Road(...Scientific collaboration has become an important part of the people-to-people exchanges in the Belt and Road initiative,and remarkable progress has been made since 2013.Taking the 65 countries along the Belt and Road(BRI countries)as the research areas and using collaborated Web of Science(WOS)core collection papers to construct an international scientific collaboration matrix,the paper explores the spatial structure,hierarchy and formation mechanisms of scientific collaboration networks of 65 countries along the Belt and Road.The results show that:1)Beyond the Belt and Road regions(BRI regions),Central&Eastern Europe,China and West Asia&North Africa have formed a situation in which they all have the most external links with other countries beyond BRI regions.China has the dominant role over other BRI countries in generating scientific links.The overall spatial structure has changed to a skeleton structure consisting of many dense regions,such as Europe,North America,East Asia and Oceania.2)Within the Belt and Road regions,Central&Eastern Europe has become the largest collaboration partner with other sub-regions in BRI countries.The spatial structure of scientific collaboration networks has transformed from the‘dual core’composed of China and the Central&Eastern Europe region,to the‘multi-polarization’composed of‘one zone and multi-points’.3)The hierarchical structure of scientific collaboration networks presents a typical‘core-periphery’structure,and changes from‘single core’to‘double cores’.4)Among the formation mechanisms of scientific collaboration networks,scientific research strength and social proximity play the most important roles,while geographical distance gradually weakens the hindrance to scientific collaboration.展开更多
The NaCl-H_2O binary system is a major component of solutions coexisting with ores. Observation ofsaturated solutions of NaCl-H_2O by using the method of hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) is a new approach tothe ...The NaCl-H_2O binary system is a major component of solutions coexisting with ores. Observation ofsaturated solutions of NaCl-H_2O by using the method of hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) is a new approach tothe study of ore-forming fluids. The salinities of NaCl-H_2O solutions in experimental observation are in a range of 32-55%. The observed temperature range is 25℃-850℃, and the pressure range 1 atm-10 kb. In this temperature-pressure range, the supercritical single phase, two phases (L,V) close to the critical state and two-phased (L+V) immis-cible region were observed. And for the salinity of 35% the two phase L+V immiscible region of NaCl-H_2O solutionwas observed in a range of 253-720℃. Another temperature range, 400-817℃, was observed for the immiscible two-phased region of 50% salinity solution. In the high-temperature part of the two-phased immiscible region, the phase na-ture is very unstable. A "critical phenomenon" was observed when the heating path was very close to the critical state.It is possible to observe a 'critical phenomenon': an "explosion" occurred almost constantly at the interface between theliquid and vapour and the interface is rather obscure. A continuous transition between phases L and V could be foundin the immiscible L+V phase while heating continuously. Moreover, as the NaCl-H_2O solution was separated into liq-uid and vapour phases, static charges surrounding each vapour bubble could be seen, and these bubbles were attractedtogether by the static charges to form a special solution structure. Besides, critical states of different salinities of NaCl-H_2O were observed in order to study the properties of the fluids occurring in the rocks in the earth interior, the origin ofore-bearing fluids and the significance of supercritical fluid with respect to the ore formation. The comparison of the sa-linity data of the fluid inclusions in the minerals of ore deposits with observations of NaCl-H_2O under HDAC in theconditions of high temperatures and pressures, combined with further thermodynamic analysis of ore-formation condi-tions would explain in depth the factors determining the ore formation.展开更多
Based on data of 22 models from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5),the performance of climate simulation is assessed and future changes under RCP2.6,RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are projected over critical...Based on data of 22 models from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5),the performance of climate simulation is assessed and future changes under RCP2.6,RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are projected over critical Belt and Road region.Compared with observations,the CMIP5 models simulate the linear trend and spatial distribution of the annual mean surface air temperature(SAT)better in the north(NBR)and south(SBR)of the Belt and Road region.The trend of the 22-model ensemble mean(CMIP5 MME)is 0.70/0.50 C per 100 years from 1901 to 2005,and the observed trend is 1.11/0.77 C per 100 years in the NBR/SBR region.After 1971,the relative error between CMIP5 MME and observations is 22%/15%in the NBR/SBR region.Seven/nine models are selected in the NBR/SBR to project future SAT changes under three RCP scenarios.For 2081e2100,warming in the NBR/SBR is projected to be(1.16±0.29)/(0.72±0.32)C,(2.41±0.54)/(1.55±0.44)C,and(5.23±1.02)/(3.33±0.65)C for RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5,respectively.Under the RCP scenarios,the NBR region shows greater warming than the SBR region.The most significant warming is expected in Kazakhstan and the northern part of the SBR.The associated uncertainty generally increases with time under the three RCP scenarios.Furthermore,increases in warming over the Belt and Road region are more remarkable under higher-emission scenarios than lower-emission ones.展开更多
The tectonic setting of the northern Alxa region during the Late Paleozoic is highly controversial.The key to resolve this controversy is to recognize the Late Paleozoic magmatic processes in the northern Alxa.In this...The tectonic setting of the northern Alxa region during the Late Paleozoic is highly controversial.The key to resolve this controversy is to recognize the Late Paleozoic magmatic processes in the northern Alxa.In this paper,we present new zircon U-Pb ages,Hf-isotopic compositions and whole-rock geochemical data of four granitoids along the Zhusileng-Hangwula Tectonic Belt in the northern Alxa region that could provide critical information about the tectonic evolution of this region.The zircon U-Pb data could be grouped as two phases:Late Devonian granite and diorite(ca.373-360 Ma),and Late Carboniferous granodiorite(ca.318 Ma).The Late Devonian granites and diorites are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous,with A/CNK and A/NK ratios of 0.90-1.11 and0.95-2.19,respectively.The Late Devonian diorites are characterized by high MgO,Cr and Ni contents and MgO#values,together with variableεHf(t)values from-1.0 to+1.3 and old TDM2 ages varied from 1283 Ma to 1426 Ma,indicating the primary magma was potentially derived from magma mixing of depleted mantle with Mesoproterozoic continental crust.Even though the Late Devonian granites yielded most positive and minor negative eHf(t)values between-1.1 to+5.7(three grains are negative)with two-stage model ages(TDM2)of 1003-1438 Ma,they display low MgO,Cr and Ni contents and MgO#values,suggesting that they were mainly derived from juvenile crustal materials,mixed with a small amount of ancient crust.The Late Carboniferous granitoids are metaluminous and medium-K calc-alkaline series,with A/CNK and A/NK ratios ranging from 0.88 to 0.95 and1.75 to 1.90,respectively.These rocks were potentially derived from juvenile crustal materials mixed with depleted mantle,as evidenced by their highεHf(t)values(+11.6 to+14.1)and young TDM2 ages(427 Ma to 586 Ma),as well as high Mg#values,and MgO,Ni and Cr contents.Our data,along with available sedimentary evidence and previous researches,indicate that the Late Devonian and Late Carboniferous rocks are arc-related granitoids under the subduction setting.The identification of arc-related granitoids in the northern Alxa region not only reveals the Late Paleozoic magmatic process in response to the subduction of Paleo Asian Ocean,but also provide significant constrains to the tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.展开更多
Climate condition over a region is mostly determined by the changes in precipitation,temperature and evaporation as the key climate variables.The countries belong to the Belt and Road region are subjected to face stro...Climate condition over a region is mostly determined by the changes in precipitation,temperature and evaporation as the key climate variables.The countries belong to the Belt and Road region are subjected to face strong changes in future climate.In this paper,we used five global climate models from the latest Sixth Phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6)to evaluate future climate changes under seven combined scenarios of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and the Representative Concentration Pathways(SSP1-1.9,SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0,SSP4-3.4,SSP4-6.0 and SSP5-8.5)across the Belt and Road region.This study focuses on undertaking a climate change assessment in terms of future changes in precipitation,air temperature and actual evaporation for the three distinct periods as near-term period(2021−2040),mid-term period(2041−2060)and long-term period(2081−2100).To discern spatial structure,Köppen−Geiger Climate Classification method has been used in this study.In relative terms,the results indicate an evidence of increasing tendency in all the studied variables,where significant changes are anticipated mostly in the long-term period.In addition to,though it is projected to increase under all the SSP-RCP scenarios,greater increases will be happened under higher emission scenarios(SSP5-8.5 and SSP3-7.0).For temperature,robust increases in annual mean temperature is found to be 5.2°C under SSP3-7.0,and highest 7.0°C under SSP5-8.5 scenario relative to present day.The northern part especially Cold and Polar region will be even more warmer(+6.1°C)in the long-term(2081−2100)period under SSP5-8.5.Similarly,at the end of the twenty-first century,annual mean precipitation is inclined to increase largely with a rate of 2.1%and 2.8%per decade under SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 respectively.Spatial distribution demonstrates that the largest precipitation increases are to be pronounced in the Polar and Arid regions.Precipitation is projected to increase with response to increasing warming most of the regions.Finally,the actual evaporation is projected to increase significantly with rate of 20.3%under SSP3-7.0 and greatest 27.0%for SSP5-8.5 by the end of the century.It is important to note that the changes in evaporation respond to global mean temperature rise consistently in terms of similar spatial pattern for all the scenarios where stronger increase found in the Cold and Polar regions.The increase in precipitation is overruled by enhanced evaporation over the region.However,this study reveals that the CMIP6 models can simulate temperature better than precipitation over the Belt and Road region.Findings of this study could be the reliable basis for initiating policies against further climate induced impacts in the regional scale.展开更多
Based on the main characteristics of the tectonic -magmatic evolution of region and Tanlu fault zone,we have discussed ore-bearing magmatic rocks petrochemistry,strontium and lead isotope,and the source of ore-forming...Based on the main characteristics of the tectonic -magmatic evolution of region and Tanlu fault zone,we have discussed ore-bearing magmatic rocks petrochemistry,strontium and lead isotope,and the source of ore-forming materials in Yinan skarn deposit in this paper.The petrochemical features show that the ore-bearing magmatic rocks are calc-alkaline rocks of sub-alkaline series formed during展开更多
As the"Belt and Road"is gaining ground with higher quality,China’s think tanks have played a unique role in facilitating policy communication,enhancing people-to-people connectivity and promoting practical ...As the"Belt and Road"is gaining ground with higher quality,China’s think tanks have played a unique role in facilitating policy communication,enhancing people-to-people connectivity and promoting practical cooperation,and have contributed a lot of"Chinese wisdom"to the development of BRI.展开更多
There is a small island in the north of the Brunei Bay and south of South China Sea,with an area of only92sq.m.It is described as one of the most mystical places of Asia,surrounded by coral reef with beautiful sands b...There is a small island in the north of the Brunei Bay and south of South China Sea,with an area of only92sq.m.It is described as one of the most mystical places of Asia,surrounded by coral reef with beautiful sands beaches and elegant maritime scenery.This island is called as the“garden island”of Borneo.There are also four sunken ships at the bottom of the sea area,bringing challenges and excitement to the adventurous divers.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Soft Science Research Project for Hubei Province Science and Technology Innovation Talents and Services(2022EDA060).
文摘Establishing the Greater Food Approach and promoting the Yangtze River Economic Belt s national major regional development strategy can better support and serve the agricultural power and Chinese-style modernization.This paper introduces the characteristics of fruit industry in 16 autonomous prefectures and 47 autonomous counties under the jurisdiction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.It studies the intellectual property resources of brand marks from the aspects of geographical indications,collective trademarks,certification trademarks,well-known trademarks in China and national design patents,and analyzes the main problems of brand and high-quality development of fruit industry in these ethnic autonomous areas.Finally,it puts forward some strategies,such as improving the protection of intellectual property rights of geographical indications,using intellectual property rights of brand signs,building modern seed industry upgrading project,drawing lessons from the experience of thousand villages demonstration project,ensuring that large-scale poverty does not occur,and building a diversified food supply system.
基金supported by the NSFC Project(Grant Nos.42162012 and 42072094)the Open Research Project from the Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration and Utilization,MNR(Grant No.ZRZYBSJSYS2022001)。
文摘The Dahongshan Fe-Cu(-Au)deposit is a superlarge deposit in the Kangdian metallogenic belt,southwestern China,comprising approximately 458 Mt of Fe ores(40%Fe)and 1.35 Mt Cu.Two main types of Fe-Cu(-Au)mineralization are present in the Dahongshan deposit:(1)early submarine volcanic exhalation and sedimentary mineralization characterized by strata-bound fine-grained magnetite and banded Fe-Cu sulfide(pyrite and chalcopyrite)hosted in the Na-rich metavolcanic rocks;(2)late hydrothermal(-vein)type mineralization characterized by Fe-Cu sulfide veins in the hosted strata or massive coarse-grained magnetite orebodies controlled by faults.While previous studies have focused primarily on the early submarine volcanic and sedimentary mineralization of the deposit,data related to late hydrothermal mineralization is lacking.In order to establish the metallogenic age and ore-forming material source of the late hydrothermal(-vein)type mineralization,this paper reports the Re-Os dating of molybdenite from the late hydrothermal vein Fe-Cu orebody and H,O,S,and Pb isotopic compositions of the hydrothermal quartz-sulfide veins.The primary aim of this study was to establish the metallogenic age and ore-forming material source of the hydrothermal type orebody.Results show that the molybdenite separated from quartz-sulfide veins has a Re-Os isochron age of 831±11 Ma,indicating that the Dahongshan Fe-Cu deposit experienced hydrothermal superimposed mineralization in Neoproterozoic.The molybdenite has a Re concentration of 99.7-382.4 ppm,indicating that the Re of the hydrothermal vein ores were primarily derived from the mantle.The δ^(34)S values of sulfides from the hydrothermal ores are 2‰-8‰ showing multi-peak tower distribution,suggesting that S in the ore-forming period was primarily derived from magma and partially from calcareous sedimentary rock.Furthermore,the abundance of radioactive Pb increased significantly from ore-bearing strata to layered and hydrothermal vein ores,which may be related to the later hydrothermal transformation.The composition of H and O isotopes within the hydrothermal quartz indicates that the ore-forming fluid is a mixture of magmatic water and a small quantity of water.These results further indicate that the late hydrothermal orebodies were formed by the Neoproterozoic magmatic hydrothermal event,which might be related to the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent.Mantle derived magmatic hydrothermal fluid extracted ore-forming materials from the metavolcanic rocks of Dahongshan Group and formed the hydrothermal(-vein)type Fe-Cu orebodies by filling and metasomatism.
基金This study was financially supported by both the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40573035)the State BasicResearch Program of China (No.2002-CB-412600)
文摘Petrography, microthermometry, and scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS) studies were performed on the fluid inclusions in the ore-beating quartz veins and quartz phenocrysts in the porphyry of the Chongjiang porphyry copper deposit. The analyses of the fluid inclusions indicate that the ore-forming fluids were exsolved from magma. They are near-saturated, supercritical, rich in volatile constituents, and have the capture temperature of 362-389℃ and salinities of 17.7wt%- 18.9wt% NaC1 eq. With the decreasing of temperature and pressure, the supercritical fluids were separated into a low salinity vapor phase and a high salinity liquid phase. During quartz-sericitization, the high salinity fluid boiled and separated into a low salinity vapor phase and a high salinity liquid phase. The high salinity inclusions that formed in the boiling process had daughter mineral melting temperatures higher than the homogenization temperatures of the vapor and liquid phases. The late fluids that are responsible for argillization are of lower temperature and salinity.
文摘The loosely-typed, duty-overlapped and subject-isolated cooperative mechanism of the Belt and Road Initiative has significantly limited the advancement of the initiative and affected the full play of its cooperative effect. New Regionalism is a theory of international relations that concerns international cooperation at the regional level. Its characteristics of multilevel, multi-topic and multi-subject conform to the cooperation needs of the Belt and Road Initiative and provide a guiding framework for the cooperative mechanism of the Initiative. According to the theoretical connotation of New Regionalism, the cooperative mechanism of the Belt and Road Initiative should enrich its cooperation forms, deepen cooperation topics and promote the participation of "State-Market-Society". This mechanism is expected to form various cooperation models, comprehensive governance and diversified participants to enable the smooth advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative.
文摘This paper presents the results of our recent studies on the upper mantle composition in the Qinling Belt and East China . It discusses the methods of estimating the upper mantle composition, its selected elements and its constitution characteristics .The results indicate that ore-forming elements on ore types and their distribution in this area are strongly controlled by the upper mantle heterogeneity .
文摘Sichuan is the strongest province in western China, and Chengdu is the first stop of the Silk Road and the Yangtze River Economic Zone. Qingbaijiang,the inception point of the Chengdu-Europe express railway, is an important source of artifacts from the ancient Sichuan civilization, and Sichuan province, the land of abundance, is the cradle and base of ping-pong. Chengdu has been connected to
基金This study was supported by the Key State Basic Research Development Project grant G1999075506the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 49794041,49972067 and 49772146the former Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources Project No.9501102.
文摘The present-day observable tectonic framework of the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) and high-pressure (HP) metamorphic belts in the Dabie-Sulu region was dominantly formed by an extensional process, mostly between 200 and 170 Ma, following the Triassic collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons. The framework that controls the present spatial distribution of UHP and HP metamorphic rocks in particular displays the typical features of a Cordilleran-type metamorphic core complex, in which at least four regional-scale, shallow-dipping detachment zones are recognized. Each of these detachment zones corresponds to a pressure gap of 0.5 to 2.0 GPa. The detachment zones separate the rocks exposed in the region into several petrotectonic units with different P-T conditions. The geometry and kinematics of both the detachment zones and the petrotectonic units show that the exhumation of UHP and HP metamorphic rocks in the Dabie-Sulu region was achieved, at least in part, by non-coaxial ductile flow in the multi-layered detachment zones, and by coaxial vertical shortening and horizontal stretching in the metamorphic units, under amphibolite- to greenschist-facies conditions, and in an extensional regime. All ductile extensional deformations occurred at depths below 10 to 15 km, i.e. below the brittle/ductile deformation transition.
基金supported by the DREAM project of MOST China (No.2016YFC0600404)the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.41372087, 41673040)the Project of Geological Science and Technology of Anhui Province (2015-K-01)
文摘The newly discovered Yangchongli gold deposit is a unique independent gold deposit in the Tongling ore-cluster region controlled by the tectonic alteration firstly discovered in the Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt (LYMB). The host magmatic rocks mainly consist of monzodiorite and K-feldspar granite. The LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircons dating yielded weighted mean 206pb/23SU ages of 140.7 ± 1.8 Ma and 126.4 ±1.2 Ma for the monzodiorite and K-feldspar granite, respectively. Monzodiorites are enriched in Sr, Ba, Rb, and depleted in Y, Yb with high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, similar to the geochemical features of adakite, considered as products of differentiation of mafic magmas originating from lithospheric mantle melt/fluids caused by metasomatism during paleo-Pacific Plate subduction in the Mesozic. In contrast, the compositions of K-feldspar granites are A-type granites, indicating an extensional tectonic background. Gold ores hosted in the fracture zone occurred as quartz vein within cataclastic rock. Sulfur and lead isotopes from pyrites show crust-mantle mixing characteristics. Metal components from strata also took part in the gold mineralization, and resulted from two episodes of magmatism that were probably related to tectonic transition from a compressive to an extensional setting between 140-126 Ma, which led to the Mesozoic large-scale polymetallic mineralization events in eastern China.
基金financially supported by the State Basic Research Plan(973 project)(No.2011CB403100)IGCP/SIDA-600 project
文摘The Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Sb polymetallic deposit is one of the most important deposits in the newly recognized southern Tibet antimony-gold metallogenic belt.Compared to the porphyry deposits in the Gangdese belt,much less researches have addressed these deposits,and the genesis of the Zhaxikang deposit is still controversial.Based on field investigation,petrographic,microthermometric,Laser Raman Microprobe(LRM) and SEM/EDS analyses of fluid,melt-fluid,melt and solid inclusions in quartz and beryl from pegmatite,this paper documents the characteristics and the evolution of primary magmatic fluid which was genetically related to greisenization,pegmatitization,and silification in the area.The results show that the primary magmatic fluids were derived from unmixing between melt and fluid and underwent a phase separation process soon after the exsolution.The primary magmatic fluids are of low salinity,high temperature,and can be approximated by the H_2O-NaCl-CO_2 system.The presence of Mn-Fe carbonate in melt-fluid inclusions and a Zn-bearing mineral(gahnite) trapped in beryl and in inclusions from pegmatite indicates high Mn,Fe,and Zn concentrations in the parent magma and magmatic fluids,and implies a genetic link between pegmatite and Pb-Zn-Sb mineralization.High B and F concentrations in the parent magma largely lower the solidus of the magma and lead to late fluid exsolution,thus the primary magmatic fluids related to pegmatite have much lower temperature than those in most porphyry systems.Boiling of the primary magmatic fluids leads to high-salinity and high-temperature fluids which have high capacity to transport Pb,Zn and Sb.The decrease in temperature and mixing with fluids from other sources may have caused the precipitation of Pb-Zn-Sn(Au) minerals in the distal fault systems surrounding the causative intrusion.
基金Under the auspices of Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA20010103)。
文摘Scientific collaboration has become an important part of the people-to-people exchanges in the Belt and Road initiative,and remarkable progress has been made since 2013.Taking the 65 countries along the Belt and Road(BRI countries)as the research areas and using collaborated Web of Science(WOS)core collection papers to construct an international scientific collaboration matrix,the paper explores the spatial structure,hierarchy and formation mechanisms of scientific collaboration networks of 65 countries along the Belt and Road.The results show that:1)Beyond the Belt and Road regions(BRI regions),Central&Eastern Europe,China and West Asia&North Africa have formed a situation in which they all have the most external links with other countries beyond BRI regions.China has the dominant role over other BRI countries in generating scientific links.The overall spatial structure has changed to a skeleton structure consisting of many dense regions,such as Europe,North America,East Asia and Oceania.2)Within the Belt and Road regions,Central&Eastern Europe has become the largest collaboration partner with other sub-regions in BRI countries.The spatial structure of scientific collaboration networks has transformed from the‘dual core’composed of China and the Central&Eastern Europe region,to the‘multi-polarization’composed of‘one zone and multi-points’.3)The hierarchical structure of scientific collaboration networks presents a typical‘core-periphery’structure,and changes from‘single core’to‘double cores’.4)Among the formation mechanisms of scientific collaboration networks,scientific research strength and social proximity play the most important roles,while geographical distance gradually weakens the hindrance to scientific collaboration.
文摘The NaCl-H_2O binary system is a major component of solutions coexisting with ores. Observation ofsaturated solutions of NaCl-H_2O by using the method of hydrothermal diamond anvil cell (HDAC) is a new approach tothe study of ore-forming fluids. The salinities of NaCl-H_2O solutions in experimental observation are in a range of 32-55%. The observed temperature range is 25℃-850℃, and the pressure range 1 atm-10 kb. In this temperature-pressure range, the supercritical single phase, two phases (L,V) close to the critical state and two-phased (L+V) immis-cible region were observed. And for the salinity of 35% the two phase L+V immiscible region of NaCl-H_2O solutionwas observed in a range of 253-720℃. Another temperature range, 400-817℃, was observed for the immiscible two-phased region of 50% salinity solution. In the high-temperature part of the two-phased immiscible region, the phase na-ture is very unstable. A "critical phenomenon" was observed when the heating path was very close to the critical state.It is possible to observe a 'critical phenomenon': an "explosion" occurred almost constantly at the interface between theliquid and vapour and the interface is rather obscure. A continuous transition between phases L and V could be foundin the immiscible L+V phase while heating continuously. Moreover, as the NaCl-H_2O solution was separated into liq-uid and vapour phases, static charges surrounding each vapour bubble could be seen, and these bubbles were attractedtogether by the static charges to form a special solution structure. Besides, critical states of different salinities of NaCl-H_2O were observed in order to study the properties of the fluids occurring in the rocks in the earth interior, the origin ofore-bearing fluids and the significance of supercritical fluid with respect to the ore formation. The comparison of the sa-linity data of the fluid inclusions in the minerals of ore deposits with observations of NaCl-H_2O under HDAC in theconditions of high temperatures and pressures, combined with further thermodynamic analysis of ore-formation condi-tions would explain in depth the factors determining the ore formation.
基金This work is founded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0602703 and 2016YFA0600704),and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41330527).
文摘Based on data of 22 models from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5),the performance of climate simulation is assessed and future changes under RCP2.6,RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are projected over critical Belt and Road region.Compared with observations,the CMIP5 models simulate the linear trend and spatial distribution of the annual mean surface air temperature(SAT)better in the north(NBR)and south(SBR)of the Belt and Road region.The trend of the 22-model ensemble mean(CMIP5 MME)is 0.70/0.50 C per 100 years from 1901 to 2005,and the observed trend is 1.11/0.77 C per 100 years in the NBR/SBR region.After 1971,the relative error between CMIP5 MME and observations is 22%/15%in the NBR/SBR region.Seven/nine models are selected in the NBR/SBR to project future SAT changes under three RCP scenarios.For 2081e2100,warming in the NBR/SBR is projected to be(1.16±0.29)/(0.72±0.32)C,(2.41±0.54)/(1.55±0.44)C,and(5.23±1.02)/(3.33±0.65)C for RCP2.6,RCP4.5,and RCP8.5,respectively.Under the RCP scenarios,the NBR region shows greater warming than the SBR region.The most significant warming is expected in Kazakhstan and the northern part of the SBR.The associated uncertainty generally increases with time under the three RCP scenarios.Furthermore,increases in warming over the Belt and Road region are more remarkable under higher-emission scenarios than lower-emission ones.
基金granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41802119 and 41330315)the Special Projects of China Geological Survey(Grant No.121201011000161111)Doctor’s Fund of Xi’an University of Science and Technology(Grant No.6310117052)。
文摘The tectonic setting of the northern Alxa region during the Late Paleozoic is highly controversial.The key to resolve this controversy is to recognize the Late Paleozoic magmatic processes in the northern Alxa.In this paper,we present new zircon U-Pb ages,Hf-isotopic compositions and whole-rock geochemical data of four granitoids along the Zhusileng-Hangwula Tectonic Belt in the northern Alxa region that could provide critical information about the tectonic evolution of this region.The zircon U-Pb data could be grouped as two phases:Late Devonian granite and diorite(ca.373-360 Ma),and Late Carboniferous granodiorite(ca.318 Ma).The Late Devonian granites and diorites are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous,with A/CNK and A/NK ratios of 0.90-1.11 and0.95-2.19,respectively.The Late Devonian diorites are characterized by high MgO,Cr and Ni contents and MgO#values,together with variableεHf(t)values from-1.0 to+1.3 and old TDM2 ages varied from 1283 Ma to 1426 Ma,indicating the primary magma was potentially derived from magma mixing of depleted mantle with Mesoproterozoic continental crust.Even though the Late Devonian granites yielded most positive and minor negative eHf(t)values between-1.1 to+5.7(three grains are negative)with two-stage model ages(TDM2)of 1003-1438 Ma,they display low MgO,Cr and Ni contents and MgO#values,suggesting that they were mainly derived from juvenile crustal materials,mixed with a small amount of ancient crust.The Late Carboniferous granitoids are metaluminous and medium-K calc-alkaline series,with A/CNK and A/NK ratios ranging from 0.88 to 0.95 and1.75 to 1.90,respectively.These rocks were potentially derived from juvenile crustal materials mixed with depleted mantle,as evidenced by their highεHf(t)values(+11.6 to+14.1)and young TDM2 ages(427 Ma to 586 Ma),as well as high Mg#values,and MgO,Ni and Cr contents.Our data,along with available sedimentary evidence and previous researches,indicate that the Late Devonian and Late Carboniferous rocks are arc-related granitoids under the subduction setting.The identification of arc-related granitoids in the northern Alxa region not only reveals the Late Paleozoic magmatic process in response to the subduction of Paleo Asian Ocean,but also provide significant constrains to the tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.
基金This study was cooperatively funded by National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaMOST(2018FY100501)The authors are thankful for the support by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX20_0957)High-level Talent Recruitment Program of the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(NUIST),and the Guest Professor Program of the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,CAS.The authors would like to thank the World Climate Research Program's working group on coupled modeling and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts for producing and making available their model output.
文摘Climate condition over a region is mostly determined by the changes in precipitation,temperature and evaporation as the key climate variables.The countries belong to the Belt and Road region are subjected to face strong changes in future climate.In this paper,we used five global climate models from the latest Sixth Phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6)to evaluate future climate changes under seven combined scenarios of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and the Representative Concentration Pathways(SSP1-1.9,SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0,SSP4-3.4,SSP4-6.0 and SSP5-8.5)across the Belt and Road region.This study focuses on undertaking a climate change assessment in terms of future changes in precipitation,air temperature and actual evaporation for the three distinct periods as near-term period(2021−2040),mid-term period(2041−2060)and long-term period(2081−2100).To discern spatial structure,Köppen−Geiger Climate Classification method has been used in this study.In relative terms,the results indicate an evidence of increasing tendency in all the studied variables,where significant changes are anticipated mostly in the long-term period.In addition to,though it is projected to increase under all the SSP-RCP scenarios,greater increases will be happened under higher emission scenarios(SSP5-8.5 and SSP3-7.0).For temperature,robust increases in annual mean temperature is found to be 5.2°C under SSP3-7.0,and highest 7.0°C under SSP5-8.5 scenario relative to present day.The northern part especially Cold and Polar region will be even more warmer(+6.1°C)in the long-term(2081−2100)period under SSP5-8.5.Similarly,at the end of the twenty-first century,annual mean precipitation is inclined to increase largely with a rate of 2.1%and 2.8%per decade under SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 respectively.Spatial distribution demonstrates that the largest precipitation increases are to be pronounced in the Polar and Arid regions.Precipitation is projected to increase with response to increasing warming most of the regions.Finally,the actual evaporation is projected to increase significantly with rate of 20.3%under SSP3-7.0 and greatest 27.0%for SSP5-8.5 by the end of the century.It is important to note that the changes in evaporation respond to global mean temperature rise consistently in terms of similar spatial pattern for all the scenarios where stronger increase found in the Cold and Polar regions.The increase in precipitation is overruled by enhanced evaporation over the region.However,this study reveals that the CMIP6 models can simulate temperature better than precipitation over the Belt and Road region.Findings of this study could be the reliable basis for initiating policies against further climate induced impacts in the regional scale.
文摘Based on the main characteristics of the tectonic -magmatic evolution of region and Tanlu fault zone,we have discussed ore-bearing magmatic rocks petrochemistry,strontium and lead isotope,and the source of ore-forming materials in Yinan skarn deposit in this paper.The petrochemical features show that the ore-bearing magmatic rocks are calc-alkaline rocks of sub-alkaline series formed during
文摘As the"Belt and Road"is gaining ground with higher quality,China’s think tanks have played a unique role in facilitating policy communication,enhancing people-to-people connectivity and promoting practical cooperation,and have contributed a lot of"Chinese wisdom"to the development of BRI.
文摘There is a small island in the north of the Brunei Bay and south of South China Sea,with an area of only92sq.m.It is described as one of the most mystical places of Asia,surrounded by coral reef with beautiful sands beaches and elegant maritime scenery.This island is called as the“garden island”of Borneo.There are also four sunken ships at the bottom of the sea area,bringing challenges and excitement to the adventurous divers.