Online identification and extraction method of regional large-scale adjustable load-aggregation characteristics

This article introduces the concept of load aggregation,which involves a comprehensive analysis of loads to acquire their external characteristics for the purpose of modeling and analyzing power systems.The online identification method is a computer-involved approach for data collection,processing,and system identification,commonly used for adaptive control and prediction.This paper proposes a method for dynamically aggregating large-scale adjustable loads to support high proportions of new energy integration,aiming to study the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction methods.The experiment selected 300 central air conditioners as the research subject and analyzed their regulation characteristics,economic efficiency,and comfort.The experimental results show that as the adjustment time of the air conditioner increases from 5 minutes to 35 minutes,the stable adjustment quantity during the adjustment period decreases from 28.46 to 3.57,indicating that air conditioning loads can be controlled over a long period and have better adjustment effects in the short term.Overall,the experimental results of this paper demonstrate that analyzing the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction algorithms is effective.

Resilience-Oriented Load Restoration Method and Repair Strategies for Regional Integrated Electricity-Natural Gas System

The rising frequency of extreme disaster events seriously threatens the safe and secure operation of the regional integrated electricity-natural gas system(RIENGS).With the growing level of coupling between electric and natural gas systems,it is critical to enhance the load restoration capability of both systems.This paper proposes a coordinated optimization strategy for resilience-enhanced RIENGS load restoration and repair scheduling and transforms it into a mixed integer second-order cone programming(MISOCP)model.The proposed model considers the distribution network reconfiguration and the coordinated repair strategy between the two systems,minimizing the total system load loss cost and repair time.In addition,a bi-directional gas flow model is used to describe the natural gas system,which can provide the RIENGS with more flexibility for load restoration during natural gas system failure.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by conducting case studies on the test systems RIENGS E13-G7 and RIENGS E123-G20.

Atmospheric Sulfur and Nitrogen Deposition in Five Nature Reserves of Sichuan Basin to Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Transect Region,Southwest-ern China

Enhanced sulfur and nitrogen deposition has been observed in many transect regions worldwide,from urban/agricultural areas to mountains.The Sichuan Basin(SCB),with 18 prefectural cities,is the most economically-developed region in western China,while the rural Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)lies west of the SCB.Previous regional and national atmospheric modeling studies have sug-gested that large areas in the SCB-to-QTP transect region experience excessive deposition of sulfur and nitrogen.In this study,we ap-plied a passive monitoring method at 1l sites(one in urban Chengdu and 10 from fivenature reserves)in this transect region from September 2021 to October 2022 to confirm the high sulfur and nitrogen deposition fluxes and to understand the gaps between the mod-eling and observation results for this transect region.These observations suggest that the five reserves are under eutrophication risk,and only two reserves are partially under acidification risk.Owing to the complex topography and landscapes,both sulfur and nitrogen de-position and critical loads exhibit large spatial variations within a reserve,such as Mount Emei.Regional atmospheric modeling may not accurately capture the spatial variations in deposition fluxes within a reserve;however,it can capture general spatial patterns over the entire transect.This study demonstrates that a combination of state-of-the-art atmospheric chemical models and low-cost monitoring methods is helpful for ecological risk assessments at a regional scale.

Development of transition condition for region with variable-thickness in isothermal local loading process

Using simple unequal-thickness billet combining isothermal local loading can control the metal flow and improve the cavity fill in manufacturing process of large-scale rib-web titanium alloy component with low cost and short cycle. The beveling transition pattern is well used for variable-thickness region of billet （VTRB） due to its simple and ample range of transition condition. The transition condition development in the local loading process has a significant influence on dynamic boundary of unrestricted portion of VTRB. With the help of reasonable assumptions, a mathematical model of transition condition development was established by theoretical analysis. The predicted results for local loading process of rib-web component using the established model were compared with the numerical and experimental ones, and the results indicated that the model of transition condition development is reasonable. Using the established model could deal with the dynamic boundary of unrestricted portion of VTRB well, and the model is suitable for the analysis of metal flow and cavity fill in local loading process of multi-ribs component.

Load Balancing Framework for Cross-Region Tasks in Cloud Computing

Load balancing is a technique for identifying overloaded and underloaded nodes and balancing the load between them.To maximize various performance parameters in cloud computing,researchers suggested various load balancing approaches.To store and access data and services provided by the different service providers through the network over different regions,cloud computing is one of the latest technology systems for both end-users and service providers.The volume of data is increasing due to the pandemic and a significant increase in usage of the internet has also been experienced.Users of the cloud are looking for services that are intelligent,and,can balance the traffic load by service providers,resulting in seamless and uninterrupted services.Different types of algorithms and techniques are available that can manage the load balancing in the cloud services.In this paper,a newly proposed method for load balancing in cloud computing at the database level is introduced.The database cloud services are frequently employed by companies of all sizes,for application development and business process.Load balancing for distributed applications can be used to maintain an efficient task scheduling process that also meets the user requirements and improves resource utilization.Load balancing is the process of distributing the load on various nodes to ensure that no single node is overloaded.To avoid the nodes from being overloaded,the load balancer divides an equal amount of computing time to all nodes.The results of two different scenarios showed the cross-region traffic management and significant growth in revenue of restaurants by using load balancer decisions on application traffic gateways.

Analysis of permanent deformations of railway embankments under repeated vehicle loadings in permafrost regions

By large-scale dynamic tests carried out on a traditional sand-gravel embankment at the Beilu River section along the Qinghai-Tibet Railroad, we collected the acceleration waveforms close to the railway tracks when trains passed. The dynamic train loading was converted into an equivalent creep stress, using an equivalent static force method. Also, the creep equation of frozen soil was introduced according to the results of frozen soil rheological triaxial tests. A coupled creep model based on a time-hardening power function rule and the Druker-Prager yield and failure criterion was estab- lished to analyze the creep effects of a plain fill embankment under repeated train loads. The temperature field of the embankment in the permafrost area was set at the current geothermal conditions. As a result, the permanent deformation of the embankment under train loading was obtained, and the permanent deformation under the train loads to the total embankment deformation was also analyzed.

W ideband interference suppression based on space-time filter

Based upon the diagonal loading technique and the structure of the space-time adaptive processors, a novel anti-jamming method of satellite navigation is proposed. According to matrix in- verse theorem, the range of the diagonal loading values for space-time adaptive wideband signal pro- cessing structure is deduced, and the optimum equation of diagonal loading beam forming algorithm of space-time structure is obtained. Then, by the analysis of two-dimensional oriented vector in di- rection of the perturbation interference, the wideband interference covariance matrix obtained in the weights training period is modified. Finally, the optimum weight of multi-linear constrained space- time adaptive beam-forming alogrithm is derived for anti-interference filter processing. The new method effectively widens the null steering beams tion results prove the robustness of the proposed when discrepancy happens. The computer simula- method.

Discussion on pile axial load test methods and their applicability in cold regions

The measurement of pile axial load is of great significance to determining pile foundation design parameters such as skin friction and end bearing capacity and analyzing load transfer mechanisms.Affected by the temperature and ice content of frozen ground,the interface contact relationship between pile foundation and frozen soil is complicated,making pile axial load measurements more uncertain than that in non-frozen ground.Therefore,it is necessary to gain an in-depth understanding of the current pile axial load test methods.Four methods are systematically reviewed:vibrating wire sensors,strain gauges,sliding micrometers,and optical fiber strain sensors.At the same time,the applicability of the four test methods in frozen soil regions is discussed in detail.The first two methods are mature and commonly used.The sliding micrometer is only suitable for short-term measurement.While the Fiber Bragg grating(FBG)strain gauge meets the monitoring requirements,the Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer(BOTDR)needs further verification.This paper aims to provide a technical reference for selecting and applying different methods in the pile axial load test for the stability study and bearing capacity assessment of pile foundations in cold regions.

Computer Simulation of Plastic Deformation in GrainBoundary Region under High Rate Loading

The computer simulation of Al three-dimensional crystallite containing grain boundary of special type was carried out and its behaviour under high rate loading was investigated. The molecular dynamics method was used and interaction betwen atoms was described based on pseudopotential method. Vortical character of the atom movements in the grain boundary region is realized under shear loading in certain directions. Back and forth movements of atoms in the direction which is perpendicular to the shear also arise. Amplitude of such movements is approximately equal to an interplanar distance in this direction.

风光制氢合成氨系统的多时段可调度域分析

为直观描述风光发电制氢合成氨(power-to-ammonia,P2A)系统的柔性负荷调节潜力,计及制氢、合成氨化工过程的负载调控特性,基于动态规划思想和计算几何理论,提出其多时段可调度域(multi-stagedispatchableregion,MSDR)的刻画方法。所提方法将多时段间相互耦合的鲁棒约束变换为“氢缓冲罐贮量–合成氨产率”状态空间中的确定性多面体约束,使得对于可调度域内的任意系统状态,均存在满足完整调度过程安全约束的“制氢流量–氨产率爬坡速率”控制序列,从而实现P2A系统可调度能力的可视化。所提MSDR模型可进一步用于构造多时段鲁棒优化调度,在保证可行性的前提下优化P2A系统的经济收益。最后,基于内蒙古自治区某在建示范工程构造算例,验证所提方法的有效性。

动载扰动诱发巷道冲击的风险性分析

巷道冲击地压发生机理与风险性评估问题,对不同区域应力场中的巷道围岩分区能量释放规律进行分析,考虑动载事件扰动,建立了始态应力场、动载事件产生的瞬态应力场与巷道围岩破坏之间的力学联系,提出了动载事件扰动下的终态巷道围岩塑性区边界计算方程,阐述了动载事件与始态应力场共同作用诱发冲击地压的机理,并对不同因素变化下的巷道冲击风险性进行了分析,以震动事件发生角为指标对动载事件发生的不同区域进行了风险强度的划分。研究结果表明:区域应力场不均匀程度的增大使得巷道围岩系统在扰动平衡后的能量释放量增大,且能量释放的主要区域为区域应力场的最大围压方向;巷道冲击地压是巷道围岩受始态应力场与动载事件的瞬态应力场2者共同作用的结果,动载事件的影响会使得巷道围岩系统的终态应力场产生偏转,而围岩协调所释放的能量是冲击产生的主要原因;当始态应力场处于蝶形风险区时,受动载事件影响后的巷道冲击风险性更大,且动载事件的有效释放能量的增大、震源距离的减小与横波能量占比的增大会使得巷道冲击风险性随之增大;震动事件发生角影响着巷道冲击风险性,当动载事件发生在强风险区与次强风险区时,微小的动载事件也极易诱发冲击地压,巷道冲击风险性较高;当动载事件发生在弱风险区时,较大的动载事件也不易引起冲击地压,巷道的冲击风险性较低。

极地船型冰区强弱构件冰载荷分配

为了探究极地船型冰区结构横骨架式次要构件(骨材)与主要支撑构件(PSM)之间连接构件处的冰载荷分配规律,提出适用于骨材与PSM间连接构件处载荷的工程实用化计算方法。基于国际船级社协会极地船级规范中的设计冰载荷,提出横骨架式构件在设计冰载作用下由骨材承载分配至PSM处的载荷的工程实用化计算方法;将《散货船和油船共同结构规范》(HCSR)中的强弱构件间载荷分配方法拓展应用于极地船型冰区骨材与PSM间冰载荷分配中,在某极地科考船舯部冰带区有限元模型外板上施加设计冰载荷,根据舷侧横骨架式典型节点的应力计算出骨材与PSM间连接构件处的冰载荷值。计算结果表明,通过数值计算得到的载荷值与采用工程实用化计算方法得到的载荷值基本一致,HCSR中强弱构件间载荷分配方法可应用于极地船型中,横骨架式由骨材承载分配至PSM处的冰载荷工程实用化计算方法有效,研究结果可为后续极地船型冰区结构连接构件结构设计提供设计输入。

基于通信负载站间迁移的配电网与5G基站日前互动运行方法

当前,将5G基站作为灵活性资源参与电网互动的研究多关注于5G基站储能资源的利用,忽视了5G基站通信负载的调节潜力。为此,提出了一种基于通信负载站间迁移的配电网运营商(DNO)与移动网络运营商(MNO)日前互动运行方法。首先,构建了DNO-MNO双层互动运行优化模型,其中,DNO是综合考虑系统网损成本与5G基站激励成本的激励策略,并以系统N-1安全运行准则为约束,以系统总运行成本最低为目标;MNO综合考虑5G基站功耗成本与电网需求响应收益,并以5G基站净运行成本最低为目标制定5G基站功率运行方案。其次,针对下层MNO 5G基站调度模型存在非凸、非线性约束难以解析求解的问题,提出了一种基于可行域迭代的算法以实现对模型的精确求解。再次,提出了基于精英遗传算法的DNO内嵌MNO双层互动模型求解算法。最后,通过算例验证了文中所提方法的有效性和实用性。

考虑净负荷不确定性的配电网协同调度

如何实现可再生能源的最大化消纳同时保证配电网的安全经济运行成为亟须解决的问题。首先,将节点上的可再生能源出力和负荷聚合为净负荷并以区间描述其不确定性,同时将系统中调节能力在节点上的映射以端点可优化的区间描述,以调节能力区间和净负荷扰动区间的公共部分反映该节点净负荷扰动的可接纳域。然后,基于优先目标规划,构建了以最大化净负荷扰动可接纳域、最小化配电网运行总成本、最小化电压偏差为目标的考虑净负荷不确定性的3层优化模型,进而得到协同考虑新能源最大化消纳、运行成本合理、节点电压波动最小化的优化方案,保证了配电网运行的安全性、可靠性与经济性。最后,基于改进的IEEE 33节点配网算例,验证了该模型和方法的有效性。

高寒区隧道洞口段覆雪波纹钢棚洞减载方法研究

高寒区隧道洞口段易受上方覆雪及落石影响,采用现有大跨径波纹钢棚洞会产生较大变形和失稳,影响边疆公路运行安全。为此,依托某线路隧道洞口段波纹钢防雪棚洞项目,从拱效应及加筋桥减载原理出发,运用有限元软件构建了EPS板、EPS板+加筋雪、EPS板+加筋冰等10种减载方案的三维波纹钢棚洞模型,研究不同减载方案对棚洞应力、棚洞变形和覆雪压力的影响,对比分析棚洞受力变形特征及减载效果,筛选出最优减载方案。结果表明:施加减载材料后,棚洞上方覆雪压力均不同程度分散到棚洞两侧,减小了棚洞结构的受力;随着覆雪高度增加,减载效果更显著,其中30 cmEPS板+加筋冰组合式方案的减载效果最佳,棚顶应力减少32.72%,棚顶位移减小22.63%;针对波纹钢棚洞的减载问题,建议隧道洞口30 m范围内采用30 cmEPS板+加筋雪方案,距隧道口30 m以外范围可采用30 cmEPS板+加筋冰方案。

新疆克州地区学校建筑供暖系统设计研究

研究了新疆克州地区某中学供暖系统设计的思路和流程,包括热源的选择、供暖系统设计,换热站设计等,深入探讨和分析了调试过程中出现的问题,对设计和施工阶段需要关注的设计调研、施工规范等关键环节进行了总结与反思,并提出了解决方案。

窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁负弯矩下抗弯性能试验研究

为改善钢-混凝土组合梁负弯矩下的受力性能,提出一种新型窄幅钢箱-超高性能混凝土(UHPC)组合梁。通过6根试验梁的反向静力加载试验,得到试验梁受力全过程跨中荷载-挠度、荷载-应变、荷载-最大裂缝宽度关系曲线、裂缝发生发展及破坏形态等,基于简化塑性理论推导出了组合梁极限抗弯承载力计算公式。结果表明:窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁在负弯矩下具有良好的受力性能;提高配筋率、钢纤维掺量和UHPC相对板厚都可在一定程度上改善组合梁延性,提高其极限抗弯承载力;翼板配筋率对承载力影响较大,配筋率由1%增加至2%时,其极限抗弯承载力提高了15%;钢纤维掺量和UHPC相对板厚对初始开裂荷载影响较大,钢纤维掺量从1%增加到2%时,初始开裂荷载提高32%,UHPC相对板厚由0增加到0.5时,初始开裂荷载提高56%;增加钢纤维掺量和UHPC相对板厚可有效控制裂缝宽度,减少结构主裂缝数量,改善组合梁耐久性;组合梁极限抗弯承载力计算公式计算值与试验值吻合较好,表明塑性理论适用于窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁的承载力计算。

基于多源数据研究三峡地区环境负荷引起的地壳垂直形变

构建三峡地区大气和陆地水质量变化模型,利用GNSS、GRACE-FO和环境质量变化模型计算三峡地区2019~2022年环境负荷引起的地壳垂直形变,探讨基于GRACE-FO数据的球谐函数法和结合质量变化模型的格林函数法在计算环境负荷垂直形变上的差异。研究发现,2种方法计算的陆地水负荷垂直形变在时空分布上具有一定的一致性,但是后者的精度和空间分辨率更高;基于质量变化模型计算的CQWZ站和HBZG站的环境总负荷垂直形变与GNSS实测结果相关系数达到0.88和0.83;2019~2022年三峡库区和洞庭湖流域的地壳垂直形变速率分别为0.5~0.7 mm/a和0.6~1.5 mm/a,原因是2022年该区域水位降低导致地壳回弹上升;三峡库区附近地壳夏季上升、冬季下沉,垂直形变幅度约为-5~18 mm,主要受水库蓄水和大气负荷驱动的影响。

基于整体开发地块的能源中心设计运行实践——上海西岸传媒港能源中心

本文以上海西岸传媒港能源中心为例,介绍在城市核心区域整体开发的背景下建设能源中心的设计运行实例,着重介绍区域能源中心的负荷预测、技术方案确定、站址布置、运行策略设定及投产初期实际运行数据等方面。该能源中心采用燃气分布式系统结合电制冷系统、燃气直燃型溴化锂吸收式机组、水蓄能等复合技术手段,结合地块整体开发特征,合理利用地下空间设置了机房、蓄能装置,充分体现“因地制宜、多能互补”的设计原则。

寒区环境下CRTSⅢ型无砟轨道板抗拉时变可靠度研究

为探究CRTSⅢ型无砟轨道板在寒区环境下的时变可靠度,开展无砟轨道列车轮轨力现场测试及寒区温度场试验,基于试验数据建立列车和温度荷载概率分布模型,并基于随机抽样方法生成随机荷载变量样本,随后输入有限元模型计算寒区复杂荷载耦合作用下无砟轨道结构荷载效应,并引入极值理论对轨道板荷载效应尾部数据进行拟合,获取设计年限内荷载效应最大值概率分布模型,同时结合时变抗力分布建立轨道板抗拉极限状态功能函数,最后基于蒙特卡洛法分析不同结构抗力退化速率下的结构时变可靠度。结果表明:在寒区复杂荷载作用下,不同运营环境(无退化、低速退化、中等退化和严重退化)的轨道板抗拉可靠度均随运营时间增加而逐步下降。结构抗力无退化及低速退化情况下,轨道板抗拉可靠度变化趋势相近,均始终满足要求;中等退化情况下,在第19年时低于目标可靠度;而寒区运营环境即严重退化情况下,第11年时已低于目标可靠度。不同抗力退化情况对结构时变可靠度指标变化趋势有着巨大影响,在第60年时,抗力严重退化情况下的可靠度指标下降幅度达到无退化情况的12.8倍。为保证无砟轨道在寒区恶劣环境下的长期运营安全,在设计时应提高安全储备系数,对轨道结构进行周期性管养维护,以确保其良好的服役状态。