Online identification and extraction method of regional large-scale adjustable load-aggregation characteristics

This article introduces the concept of load aggregation,which involves a comprehensive analysis of loads to acquire their external characteristics for the purpose of modeling and analyzing power systems.The online identification method is a computer-involved approach for data collection,processing,and system identification,commonly used for adaptive control and prediction.This paper proposes a method for dynamically aggregating large-scale adjustable loads to support high proportions of new energy integration,aiming to study the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction methods.The experiment selected 300 central air conditioners as the research subject and analyzed their regulation characteristics,economic efficiency,and comfort.The experimental results show that as the adjustment time of the air conditioner increases from 5 minutes to 35 minutes,the stable adjustment quantity during the adjustment period decreases from 28.46 to 3.57,indicating that air conditioning loads can be controlled over a long period and have better adjustment effects in the short term.Overall,the experimental results of this paper demonstrate that analyzing the aggregation characteristics of regional large-scale adjustable loads using online identification techniques and feature extraction algorithms is effective.

Resilience-Oriented Load Restoration Method and Repair Strategies for Regional Integrated Electricity-Natural Gas System

The rising frequency of extreme disaster events seriously threatens the safe and secure operation of the regional integrated electricity-natural gas system(RIENGS).With the growing level of coupling between electric and natural gas systems,it is critical to enhance the load restoration capability of both systems.This paper proposes a coordinated optimization strategy for resilience-enhanced RIENGS load restoration and repair scheduling and transforms it into a mixed integer second-order cone programming(MISOCP)model.The proposed model considers the distribution network reconfiguration and the coordinated repair strategy between the two systems,minimizing the total system load loss cost and repair time.In addition,a bi-directional gas flow model is used to describe the natural gas system,which can provide the RIENGS with more flexibility for load restoration during natural gas system failure.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by conducting case studies on the test systems RIENGS E13-G7 and RIENGS E123-G20.

Space-time evolution rules of acoustic emission location of unloaded coal sample at different loading rates

By using MTS815 rock mechanics test system,a series of acoustic emission(AE) location experiments were performed under unloading confining pressure,increasing the axial stress.The AE space-time evolution regularities and energy releasing characteristics during deformation and failure process of coal of different loading rates are compared,the influence mechanism of loading rates on the microscopic crack evolution were studied,combining the AE characteristics and the macroscopic failure modes of the specimens,and the precursory characteristics of coal failure were also analyzed quantitatively.The results indicate that as the loading rate is higher,the AE activity and the main fracture will begin earlier.The destruction of coal body is mainly the function of shear strain at lower loading rate and tension strain at higher rate,and will transform from brittleness to ductility at critical velocities.When the deformation of the coal is mainly plasticity,the amplitude of the AE ringing counting rate increases largely and the AE energy curves appear an obvious ''step'',which can be defined as the first failure precursor point.Statics of AE information shows that the strongest AE activity begins when the axial stress level was 92-98%,which can be defined as the other failure precursor point.As the loading rate is smaller,the coal more easily reaches the latter precursor point after the first one,so attention should be aroused to prevent dynamic disaster in coal mining when the AE activity reaches the first precursor point.

Load Balancing Framework for Cross-Region Tasks in Cloud Computing

Load balancing is a technique for identifying overloaded and underloaded nodes and balancing the load between them.To maximize various performance parameters in cloud computing,researchers suggested various load balancing approaches.To store and access data and services provided by the different service providers through the network over different regions,cloud computing is one of the latest technology systems for both end-users and service providers.The volume of data is increasing due to the pandemic and a significant increase in usage of the internet has also been experienced.Users of the cloud are looking for services that are intelligent,and,can balance the traffic load by service providers,resulting in seamless and uninterrupted services.Different types of algorithms and techniques are available that can manage the load balancing in the cloud services.In this paper,a newly proposed method for load balancing in cloud computing at the database level is introduced.The database cloud services are frequently employed by companies of all sizes,for application development and business process.Load balancing for distributed applications can be used to maintain an efficient task scheduling process that also meets the user requirements and improves resource utilization.Load balancing is the process of distributing the load on various nodes to ensure that no single node is overloaded.To avoid the nodes from being overloaded,the load balancer divides an equal amount of computing time to all nodes.The results of two different scenarios showed the cross-region traffic management and significant growth in revenue of restaurants by using load balancer decisions on application traffic gateways.

Analysis of permanent deformations of railway embankments under repeated vehicle loadings in permafrost regions

By large-scale dynamic tests carried out on a traditional sand-gravel embankment at the Beilu River section along the Qinghai-Tibet Railroad, we collected the acceleration waveforms close to the railway tracks when trains passed. The dynamic train loading was converted into an equivalent creep stress, using an equivalent static force method. Also, the creep equation of frozen soil was introduced according to the results of frozen soil rheological triaxial tests. A coupled creep model based on a time-hardening power function rule and the Druker-Prager yield and failure criterion was estab- lished to analyze the creep effects of a plain fill embankment under repeated train loads. The temperature field of the embankment in the permafrost area was set at the current geothermal conditions. As a result, the permanent deformation of the embankment under train loading was obtained, and the permanent deformation under the train loads to the total embankment deformation was also analyzed.

W ideband interference suppression based on space-time filter

Based upon the diagonal loading technique and the structure of the space-time adaptive processors, a novel anti-jamming method of satellite navigation is proposed. According to matrix in- verse theorem, the range of the diagonal loading values for space-time adaptive wideband signal pro- cessing structure is deduced, and the optimum equation of diagonal loading beam forming algorithm of space-time structure is obtained. Then, by the analysis of two-dimensional oriented vector in di- rection of the perturbation interference, the wideband interference covariance matrix obtained in the weights training period is modified. Finally, the optimum weight of multi-linear constrained space- time adaptive beam-forming alogrithm is derived for anti-interference filter processing. The new method effectively widens the null steering beams tion results prove the robustness of the proposed when discrepancy happens. The computer simula- method.

Discussion on pile axial load test methods and their applicability in cold regions

The measurement of pile axial load is of great significance to determining pile foundation design parameters such as skin friction and end bearing capacity and analyzing load transfer mechanisms.Affected by the temperature and ice content of frozen ground,the interface contact relationship between pile foundation and frozen soil is complicated,making pile axial load measurements more uncertain than that in non-frozen ground.Therefore,it is necessary to gain an in-depth understanding of the current pile axial load test methods.Four methods are systematically reviewed:vibrating wire sensors,strain gauges,sliding micrometers,and optical fiber strain sensors.At the same time,the applicability of the four test methods in frozen soil regions is discussed in detail.The first two methods are mature and commonly used.The sliding micrometer is only suitable for short-term measurement.While the Fiber Bragg grating(FBG)strain gauge meets the monitoring requirements,the Brillouin optical time-domain reflectometer(BOTDR)needs further verification.This paper aims to provide a technical reference for selecting and applying different methods in the pile axial load test for the stability study and bearing capacity assessment of pile foundations in cold regions.

Computer Simulation of Plastic Deformation in GrainBoundary Region under High Rate Loading

The computer simulation of Al three-dimensional crystallite containing grain boundary of special type was carried out and its behaviour under high rate loading was investigated. The molecular dynamics method was used and interaction betwen atoms was described based on pseudopotential method. Vortical character of the atom movements in the grain boundary region is realized under shear loading in certain directions. Back and forth movements of atoms in the direction which is perpendicular to the shear also arise. Amplitude of such movements is approximately equal to an interplanar distance in this direction.

Application of Load/Unload Response Ratio in the Study of Seismicity in the Region of Iran

The variation of Load/Unload Response Ratio (LURR) against time for earthquakes in Kerman Province, Iran, on February 22, 2005, M6.4 and in Lorestan Province, Iran, on March 31, 2006, M6.1, has been calculated and analysed in this paper. The tempo-spatial scanning of LURR in the region of Iran during January 1, 2003 to March 31, 2006 has been conducted, with 1 year as a time-window, 1 month as a time-step, and the comparison of the LURR anomalous regions in 2004 with the actual earthquakes with M≥5.0 in the next year (2005) is also given, which shows that 11 earthquakes with M≥5.0 occurred in LURR anomalous regions while 12 earthquakes with M≥5.0 in LURR regions in 2005. Furthermore, the seismicity in this region is studied by investigating the evolvement of the anomalous LURR regions.

风光制氢合成氨系统的多时段可调度域分析

为直观描述风光发电制氢合成氨(power-to-ammonia,P2A)系统的柔性负荷调节潜力,计及制氢、合成氨化工过程的负载调控特性,基于动态规划思想和计算几何理论,提出其多时段可调度域(multi-stagedispatchableregion,MSDR)的刻画方法。所提方法将多时段间相互耦合的鲁棒约束变换为“氢缓冲罐贮量–合成氨产率”状态空间中的确定性多面体约束,使得对于可调度域内的任意系统状态,均存在满足完整调度过程安全约束的“制氢流量–氨产率爬坡速率”控制序列,从而实现P2A系统可调度能力的可视化。所提MSDR模型可进一步用于构造多时段鲁棒优化调度,在保证可行性的前提下优化P2A系统的经济收益。最后,基于内蒙古自治区某在建示范工程构造算例,验证所提方法的有效性。

新疆克州地区学校建筑供暖系统设计研究

研究了新疆克州地区某中学供暖系统设计的思路和流程,包括热源的选择、供暖系统设计,换热站设计等,深入探讨和分析了调试过程中出现的问题,对设计和施工阶段需要关注的设计调研、施工规范等关键环节进行了总结与反思,并提出了解决方案。

动载扰动诱发巷道冲击的风险性分析

巷道冲击地压发生机理与风险性评估问题,对不同区域应力场中的巷道围岩分区能量释放规律进行分析,考虑动载事件扰动,建立了始态应力场、动载事件产生的瞬态应力场与巷道围岩破坏之间的力学联系,提出了动载事件扰动下的终态巷道围岩塑性区边界计算方程,阐述了动载事件与始态应力场共同作用诱发冲击地压的机理,并对不同因素变化下的巷道冲击风险性进行了分析,以震动事件发生角为指标对动载事件发生的不同区域进行了风险强度的划分。研究结果表明:区域应力场不均匀程度的增大使得巷道围岩系统在扰动平衡后的能量释放量增大,且能量释放的主要区域为区域应力场的最大围压方向;巷道冲击地压是巷道围岩受始态应力场与动载事件的瞬态应力场2者共同作用的结果,动载事件的影响会使得巷道围岩系统的终态应力场产生偏转,而围岩协调所释放的能量是冲击产生的主要原因;当始态应力场处于蝶形风险区时,受动载事件影响后的巷道冲击风险性更大,且动载事件的有效释放能量的增大、震源距离的减小与横波能量占比的增大会使得巷道冲击风险性随之增大;震动事件发生角影响着巷道冲击风险性,当动载事件发生在强风险区与次强风险区时,微小的动载事件也极易诱发冲击地压,巷道冲击风险性较高;当动载事件发生在弱风险区时,较大的动载事件也不易引起冲击地压,巷道的冲击风险性较低。

窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁负弯矩下抗弯性能试验研究

为改善钢-混凝土组合梁负弯矩下的受力性能,提出一种新型窄幅钢箱-超高性能混凝土(UHPC)组合梁。通过6根试验梁的反向静力加载试验,得到试验梁受力全过程跨中荷载-挠度、荷载-应变、荷载-最大裂缝宽度关系曲线、裂缝发生发展及破坏形态等,基于简化塑性理论推导出了组合梁极限抗弯承载力计算公式。结果表明:窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁在负弯矩下具有良好的受力性能;提高配筋率、钢纤维掺量和UHPC相对板厚都可在一定程度上改善组合梁延性,提高其极限抗弯承载力;翼板配筋率对承载力影响较大,配筋率由1%增加至2%时,其极限抗弯承载力提高了15%;钢纤维掺量和UHPC相对板厚对初始开裂荷载影响较大,钢纤维掺量从1%增加到2%时,初始开裂荷载提高32%,UHPC相对板厚由0增加到0.5时,初始开裂荷载提高56%;增加钢纤维掺量和UHPC相对板厚可有效控制裂缝宽度,减少结构主裂缝数量,改善组合梁耐久性;组合梁极限抗弯承载力计算公式计算值与试验值吻合较好,表明塑性理论适用于窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁的承载力计算。

基于多源数据研究三峡地区环境负荷引起的地壳垂直形变

构建三峡地区大气和陆地水质量变化模型,利用GNSS、GRACE-FO和环境质量变化模型计算三峡地区2019~2022年环境负荷引起的地壳垂直形变,探讨基于GRACE-FO数据的球谐函数法和结合质量变化模型的格林函数法在计算环境负荷垂直形变上的差异。研究发现,2种方法计算的陆地水负荷垂直形变在时空分布上具有一定的一致性,但是后者的精度和空间分辨率更高;基于质量变化模型计算的CQWZ站和HBZG站的环境总负荷垂直形变与GNSS实测结果相关系数达到0.88和0.83;2019~2022年三峡库区和洞庭湖流域的地壳垂直形变速率分别为0.5~0.7 mm/a和0.6~1.5 mm/a,原因是2022年该区域水位降低导致地壳回弹上升;三峡库区附近地壳夏季上升、冬季下沉,垂直形变幅度约为-5~18 mm,主要受水库蓄水和大气负荷驱动的影响。

基于历史天气的区域电网负荷预测

随着社会经济的迅速发展,人们对电能的需要日益增加,但是在电网运行中,常常会出现电力产能过剩或者不足的情况,为保证电力系统安全稳定、经济运行,就必须掌握各种区域电网负荷的变化规律和发展趋势。论文对重庆市区供电分公司供电区域电网中长期负荷进行预测,提出一种预测区域电网中长期负荷的方法,即一种基于前12个月历史天气条件和区域电网负荷关联关系的多元非线性拟合的特征参数因子曲线的中长期负荷预测方法,建立基于不同算法的多种预测模型,通过归一化处理,得到的区域电网中长期负荷预测的精度高,与实际区域电网负荷之间的误差小,对于区域电网中长期负荷预测分析具有重要参考利用价值。

物联网数据收集中基于负载均衡的无人机-车联合轨迹规划

为了提升大规模物联网数据收集的效率,提出了一种基于负载均衡区域划分的多无人机-车联合轨迹规划算法,其中,无人机作为空中基站收集物联网设备的数据,地面无人车作为移动电池更换站以弥补无人机能量的不足。为了缩短整体任务完成时间,优化目标为最小化所有无人机-车中最长的任务完成时间,将该问题建模为多站点车辆路由问题的一个变种,并从负载均衡的角度对其进行求解。具体来说,首先通过负载均衡区域划分算法将物联网设备分配到无人机-车的服务区,在此基础上,多站点无人机-车的轨迹规划问题退化为多个独立的单站点单组无人机-车的轨迹规划问题,进而设计联合轨迹规划策略优化各个服务区中的路径。数值结果验证了所提算法在任务完成时间和负载均衡度方面优于对比算法。

Optimal Scheduling of Regional Integrated Energy Systems Considering Hybrid Demand Response

Flexible load can optimize the load curve,which is an important means to promote renewable energy consumption.The peculiarities of electricity,heat,cooling and gas loads are analyzed in this paper,considering the fuzzy degree of human perception for water temperature,and the characteristic model of hot water load is established.Considering the fuzzy degree of human perception of ambient temperature,the characteristic model of cooling load is established by using PMV and PPD index.Meanwhile,considering four combinations of cut load,translatable load,transferable load and alternative load,and considering the coupling relationship of composite parts,different response models of load are established respectively.With the minimum cost of the system,including operation and compensation costs as the objective function,the optimization scheduling model of the regional integrated energy system is established,and the Gurobi solver is used for simulation analysis to solve the optimal output and load response curve of each piece of equipment.The results show that the load curve can be optimized,the flexible regulation ability of the regional integrated energy system can be enhanced,the energy loss of the system can be reduced,and the wind power consumption ability of the system can be increased by considering the integrated demand response.

Three-stage day-ahead scheduling strategy for regional thermostatically controlled load aggregators

Thermostatically controlled loads(TCLs)are regarded as having potential to participate in power grid regulation.This paper proposes a scheduling strategy with three-stage optimization for regional aggregators jointly participating in day-ahead scheduling to support demand response.The first stage is on the profit of aggregators and peak load of the grid.The line loss and voltage deviation of regulation are considered to ensure stable operation of the power grid at the second stage,which guarantees the fairness of the regulation and the comfort of users.A single tempera-ture adjustment strategy is used to control TCLs to maximize the response potential in the third stage.Finally,digital simulation based on the IEEE 33-bus distribution network system proves that the proposed three-stage scheduling strategy can keep the voltage deviation within±5%in different situations.In addition,the Gini coefficient of distribu-tion increases by 20%and the predicted percentage of dissatisfied is 48%lower than those without distribution.

基于虚拟电池模型的外逼近闵可夫斯基热泵负荷调节可行域聚合方法

温控负荷(temperature control loads,TCLs)灵活性可行域的有效量化和聚合是其响应电价与调控信号的前提。由于TCLs能量在时间上耦合,且设备调节特性和物理参数各异,具有较高异质性,现有聚合方法面临计算复杂度高、适配性差等问题。该文基于极端场景法建立了通用虚拟电池(virtual battery,VB)模型,即通过一套标准电池参数描述资源灵活性,其通用形式使得聚合可行域可以按一定规则线性求和获得。在此基础上,提出一种基于虚拟电池模型的外逼近闵可夫斯基聚合方法,并从数学上不失一般性地对不同异质性设备聚合的有效性进行了证明与推广。最后,提出了考虑系统灵活性供需平衡的负荷聚合商日前优化调度模型。算例结果表明,所提温控负荷可行域聚合方法在提高了外逼近精度的同时保证了较高的计算效率。相比传统模型,所提聚合模型有着更好的优化性能。

考虑多能互动的农村区域电网负荷预测方法

为应对煤改电及分布式电源规模化接入导致农村区域电网负荷预测复杂性提升的问题,本文提出一种考虑多能互动的农村区域电网负荷预测方法。首先,分析多能源信息耦合关系,提出农村区域多能信息横向和纵向交互的特征;其次,建立并行长短期记忆网络的多任务学习模型,支持多能源系统之间的横向交互分析;最后,以河北雄安农村区域电网进行验证,结果表明本文所提方法能够有效提高农村区域复杂场景下的预测精度。