Types of uranium deposits in central Zhuguang Mountains in Hunan Province,South China and their metallogenic regularity and prospecting directions

The central Zhuguang Mountains in Hunan Province is located at the junction of the three provinces,namely Hunan,Jiangxi,and Guangdong,where the famous Lujing uranium ore field lies.The uranium deposits occurring in this area are all granite-related and they can be divided into three types,namely endogranitic ones,perigranitic ones,and contact zone types.The endogranitic uranium deposits are mainly controlled by the structural alteration zones developing within granites,with fragmentation,hematitization,and alkali metasomatism as their main mineralization characteristics.The perigranitic uranium deposits are mainly produced in the carbonaceous,siliceous,and argillaceous composite layers of epimetamorphic rocks and are controlled by fractured zones formed due to interlayer compression.The contact zone type uranium deposits mainly occur in the contact parts between the granites and favorable horizons.They have developed in favorable sections where multiple sets of structures are combined and intersected.The main metallogenic regularities of uranium in the central Zhuguang Mountains are as follows.The basic conditions for the uranium mineralization in this area include the framework consisting of regional deep large faults and their associated multi-set multi-direction favorable metallogenic structures,multi-cycle and multi-stage uranium-rich rock masses,and uranium-rich folded basement.Meanwhile,the uranium deposits in this area are closely related to granites in terms of genesis and space and they are formed in different structural parts subject to the same metallization.Furthermore,based on the summary of the characteristics and regularities of uranium mineralization in this area,the controlling factors of different types of uranium deposits in the area were explored and six metallogenic target areas were predicted.All these will provide references for the exploration of uranium deposits in this area.

The Features of Sedimentary Facies and Copper Enrichment Metallogenic Regularities of Kuzigongsu Group in Sareke Glutenite Type Copper Deposits,Wuqia,Xinjiang

1 Introduction Sareke glutenite-type copper deposit is the large size copper deposit discovered in recent years,and it is located Sarekebayi intracontinental pull-apart basin in the western margin of the Tarim basin.Conglomerate of

Geochemical Enrichment and Mineralization of Indium

Indium occurs in a very dispersed manner in nature with enrichment of economic Interest rarely known. The highly dispersed nature of indium, among several other elements, hasfor a long time retarded our understanding of the regularities that control their mineralization,which in turn has hindered exploitation and application of these elements. Recent studies ofours show that no significant enrichment of indiurn can be recognized in various types of Pb-Znsulphide deposits as well as in deposits of copper, iron and manganese. Indium concentrationsin ores of these deposits are generally below 10×10-6. In contrast, however, indium is foundto be enriched to a significant extent in cassiterite-sulphide deposits and some tin-rich Pb-Znpolymetallic deposits. The average content of indium in these deposits can be over 100×10-6,and more than 90% of it is concentrated in sphalerite. Generally, these deposits may be considered as large paragenic deceits for indium and, therefore, there must be some regularitiesthat govern the geochemical enrichment of the so-called "dispersed element" indium.

A Preliminary Review of the Metallogenic Regularity of Nickel Deposits in China

The nickel deposits mainly distributed in 19 provinces and autonomous regions in China are 339 ore deposits/occurrences, including 4 super large-scale deposits, 14 large-scale deposits, 26 middle- scale deposits, 75 small-scale deposits, and 220 mineralized occurrences. The prediction types of mineral resources of nickel deposits are magmatic type, marine sedimentary type and regolith type. The formation age is from the Neoarchean to the Cenozoic with two peaks in the Neoproterozoic and the late Paleozoic. The nickel deposits formed in the Neoproterozoic are located on the margin of the North China Block and Yangtze Block, and those formed in the late Paleozoic are mainly distributed in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt （CAOB）, Emeishan and the Tarim Large Igneous Provinces （LIPs）. Magmatic nickel deposits are mainly related with broken-up continental margin, post-collision extension of the orogenic belt and mantle plume. According to different tectonic backgrounds and main characteristics of magmatism, the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenie series types of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks can be divided into 4 subtypes： （1） the Ni-Cu-Co- PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in the broken-up continental margin, （2） the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in mantle plume magmatism, （3） the Ni-Cu-Co- PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in the subduction of the orogenic belt, and （4） the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in post-collision extension of the orogenic belt. We have discussed in this paper the typical characteristics and metaliogenic models for Neoproterozoic Ni-Cu-（PGE） deposits related with broken-up continental margin, Cambrian marine sedimentary Ni-Mo-V deposits related with black shale, early Permian Ni-Cu deposits related with post-collision extension of the orogenic belt, late Permian Ni-Cu-（PGE） deposits related with Large Igneous Provinces （LIPs）, and Cenozoic Ni-Au deposits related with regolith. The broken-up continental margin, mantle plume and post-collision extension of the orogenic belt are important ore- forming geological backgrounds, and the discordogenic fault, mafic-ultramafic intrusion, high MgO primitive magma （high-MgO basaltic magma）, deep magmatism, sulfur saturation and sulfide segregation are 6 important geological conditions for the magmatic nickel deposits.

Geological characteristics,metallogenic regularity,and research progress of lithium deposits in China

China is rich in abundant lithium resources characterized by considerable reserves and a concentrated distribution of metallogenic zones or belts,with proven reserves of 4046.8×10^(3) t(calculated based on Li_(2)O)by 2021.China is also a big consumer of lithium.By 2019,China’s lithium consumption in the battery sector alone had reached 99×10^(3) t,with an average annual growth rate of nearly 26%.China has become the world’s largest importer of lithium resources,showing a severely unbalanced relationship between supply and demand for lithium resources.Therefore,there is an urgent need for the prospecting,exploitation,and study of lithium resources in China.This study collected,organized,and summarized the data on the major lithium deposits in China,analyzed and compared the spatial-temporal distribution patterns,geological characteristics,and metallogenic regularity of these lithium deposits,and summarized the prospecting and research achievements over the last decade.The major lithium deposits in China are distributed in provinces and regions such as Qinghai,Jiangxi,Sichuan,Tibet,and Xinjiang.These deposits are mostly small in scale.According to different genetic types,this study divided lithium deposits into granitic pegmatite type,granite type,saline lake brine type,underground brine type,and sedimentary type,as well as new types including hot spring type and magmatic-hydrothermal type,and summarized the characteristics and key metallogenic factors of these different types of deposits.Sixteen metallogenic prospect areas of lithium deposits were delineated according to the deposit types and the distribution patterns of metallogenic belts.The paper introduced the research progress in major metallogenic models and lithium extraction techniques made over the past decade.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the prospecting potential of lithium deposits,the authors concluded that the future prospecting of lithium resources in China should focus on lithium metallogenic belts,the deep and peripheral areas of currently determined large-scale pegmatite-type lithium deposits,geophysical-geochemical anomalous areas with mineralization clues,and areas with developed large-scale low-grade associated granite-type and sedimentary lithium resources.The study aims to serve as a guide for the future prospecting of lithium deposits in China.

Classification and mineralization of global lithium deposits and lithium extraction technologies for exogenetic lithium deposits

A reasonable classification of deposits holds great significance for identifying prospecting targets and deploying exploration. The world ’s keen demand for lithium resources has expedited the discovery of numerous novel lithium resources. Given the presence of varied classification criteria for lithium resources presently, this study further ascertained and classified the lithium resources according to their occurrence modes, obtaining 10 types and 5 subtypes of lithium deposits(resources) based on endogenetic and exogenetic factors. As indicated by surveys of Cenozoic exogenetic lithium deposits in China and abroad,the formation and distribution of the deposits are primarily determined by plate collision zones, their primary material sources are linked to the anatectic magmas in the deep oceanic crust, and they were formed primarily during the Miocene and Late Paleogene. The researchers ascertained that these deposits,especially those of the salt lake, geothermal, and volcanic deposit types, are formed by unique slightly acidic magmas, tend to migrate and accumulate toward low-lying areas, and display supernormal enrichment. However, the material sources of lithium deposits(resources) of the Neopaleozoic clay subtype and the deep brine type are yet to be further identified. Given the various types and complex origins of lithium deposits(resources), which were formed due to the interactions of multiple spheres, it is recommended that the mineralization of exogenetic lithium deposits(resources) be investigated by integrating tectono-geochemistry, paleoatmospheric circulation, and salinology. So far, industrialized lithium extraction is primarily achieved in lithium deposits of the salt lake, clay, and hard rock types. The lithium extraction employs different processes, with lithium extraction from salt lake-type lithium deposits proving the most energy-saving and cost-effective.

Occurrence characteristics and enrichment regularity of indium in pyrite: A case study of Dachang tin ore-field

To reveal the occurrence state and enrichment regularity of the dispersed element indium in pyrite, the petrology,mineralogy, geochemistry, and mineral physics were researched detailedly. The results suggest that the structure of pyrite is mainlycomposed of massive structure, disseminated structure, vein structure, reticular structure, comb structure and so on. Generally, thepyrite coexists with sphalerite, marmatite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, galena, and arsenopyrite. And the texture of pyrite primarilyconsists of the metasomatic texture, solid solution texture, idiomorphic?hypidiomorphic granular texture, and disseminated texture.The content of indium in pyrite ranges from 0.491×10?6 to 65.1×10?6 with an average value of 14.38×10?6. Yet, the indium content inthe Gaofeng deposit is higher than that in the Dafulou and Tongkeng deposit, showing a particularly significant supernormalenrichment. Besides, the cadmium content in pyrite is also higher than other dispersed elements, and similarly the abnormalenrichment of cadmium in the Gaofeng deposit is also very significant. An obvious positive correlation exists between In and Cd, orTl, but a negative correlation between In and Re. It is difficult to find out a positive or negative correlation between In and Ga. Theelement zinc is of great importance to the enrichment of indium, which can possibly facilitate to the migration and crystallization of dispersed element indium.

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Copper Deposits in China

Copper resources in China are rich, but imported copper products are still required. Researches on metallogenic regularity of major types of copper deposits by geologists have involved in worldwide classification, significant copper belts, representative copper deposits, etc. Studies on metallogenic regularity of copper deposits in China also have made achievements with a long-term work. Combined with latest exploration advances obtained in recent ten years, this review aims to conclude the achievements of researches on copper metallogenic regularity in China. Based on data of 814 copper deposits and other ore （mineralized） occurrences, ten prediction types of copper deposits have been suggested. Porphyry and skarn copper ores are taken as the key targets. Porphyry copper deposits are the most important one which concentrate in Gangdese, Changdu-Sanjiang, Dexing and East Tianshan. The Cenozoic and Mesozoic are the major metallogenic epochs. Four main metallogenic epochs are been studied based on the copper ore geochronological data including Precambrian Era （Archean and Proterozoic）, Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era and Cenozoic Era. Based on the study of metallogenic series of ore deposits in China, twenty-seven metallogenic series of copper deposits are proposed. This is suggested to deepen the study of metallogenic regularity of copper ore and provide the theory guide for copper resources prediction in China.

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Gold Deposits in China

Gold is one of the most important mineral resources in China with its rich mineral resources. In recent years, significant progress has been made on the process of gold resource exploration. Some large and giant gold deposits were newly found and some important expansions in the main mining regions were also been completed. Studies on metailogenic regularity of gold deposits in China also have made achievements with a long-term work. This review aims to conclude the achievements of research on gold metallogenic regularity in China. Based on the data of about 2000 gold deposits and other ore （mineralized） occurrences, gold deposits in China were classified into five prediction types： gold deposits genetically related to granite-greenstone formation, gold deposits related to sedimentary formation （including the Carlin type and the metamorphosed clastic rock related vein gold deposit）, gold deposits genetically related to volcanic rocks （including the continental and marine types）, gold deposits genetically related to intrusions （including the porphyry type and the inner intrusion and contact zone related gold deposit）, gold deposits of supergenesis （including fracture zone-altered rock gold deposit, placer gold deposit, gossan type gold precise chronology data of gold deposits indicate deposit and soil type gold deposit）. Statistics on that there occurred 5 main periods of gold- mineralization in geological history of China. They were Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic, Meso- Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. Gold deposits in China mainly formed in the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic. On the studies of the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of gold deposits, 53 gold-forming belts were delineated in China. The metallogenic regularity of gold deposits was preliminarily summarized and 71 gold metallogenic series were proposed in China. This suggests that it is necceary to deepen the study on metallogenic regularity of gold deposits and to provide the theory guide for the ore-prospecting for gold resources in China.

Selenium Enrichment in Cambrian Stratabound Gold Deposits in the Western Qinling Mountains

Stratabound gold deposits in the western Qinling Mountains occur in Cambrian chert formation composed of carbonaceous chert and carbonaceous slate. The distinctive chert formation provides important grounds for the mineralization and controls on the formation of gold deposits. Study shows that Se is exceptionally higher in both host rocks and gold orebodies. It may be recovered as a valuable component in ores for total utilization, and in some localities even independent Se orebodies (which are mined exclusively for Se) may be delineated. In gold ore Se mainly occurs as independent minerals or in the isomorphous form in sulphides and there is a positive correlation between Se and Au.

Fluorite deposits in China:Geological features,metallogenic regularity,and research progress

Fluorite is one of the important mineral raw materials in the industry.In China,it is mainly distributed in the provinces and regions such as Hunan,Zhejiang,Jiangxi,Inner Mongolia,Fujian,and Henan provinces,boasting huge reserves and large numbers of deposits.However,most of the fluorite deposits are on a small or medium scale.The main fluorite deposits in China were studied in this paper.Their geological features and metallogenic regularity were summarized and compared.Meanwhile,based on their main genetic factors including metallogenic fluid sources and main metallogenic geological processes,they were divided into two groups,namely meso-epithermal deposits and magmatic-hydrothermal deposits.Furthermore,based on the prospecting achievements and research progress obtained in fluorite deposits in recent years,prospecting potential predictions were made for the metallogenic prospect areas and major prospecting areas of fluorite in China.This aims to provide a theoretical basis and direction for future fluorite prospecting in China.

Grade-Tonnage, Ore Value-Tonnage, andEnrichment Ratio-Tonnage Models forResource Assessment

According to grade-tonnage diagrams of nickel and zinc deposits, their critical grades are 0.4 % and 3. 4 %, respectively, and hence the former resources can be considered optimistic and the latter pessimistic. The grade-tonnage diagram of gold deposits is convex downwards suggesting that the critical grade is 1 X 10-6 in the low-grade part. The ore value (OV)-tonnage diagram of all deposits In the world consists of three parts: high, middle and low vain f classes. The enrichment ratio (ER)-tonnage diagram of all deposits in the world ho consists of three parts: high, middle and low ratio classes.Nine quality categories defined by ER and OV are characterized by some keywords indicating deposit types as follows: category RH (high ER-high OV: 0. 7 %) by 'unconformity' and 'Mississippi Val-ley', category HM (high ER-middle: OV: 0.7 %) by 'vein', category ML (middle ER-low OV: 0 %) by 'sandstone', 'stockwork' and' dissemination', category LM by 'orthomagmatic',' laterite',komatiite and ' chemical', and category LL by 'porphyry', 'dissemination' and 'placer'. Category MM is not characterized by any keyword. If the commodities of a deposit are defined by both the enrichment ratio and the ore value, the defined commodities are relatively coincident for gold and nickel,but different for copper, silver and zinc, and greatly different for molybdenum and lead. Deposits containing lead and/or zinc are complimentary. If the commodity Ph+Zn is applied, most lead or zinc deposits are classified as Ph+Zu by both definitions. Accessory metals are commonly expected for deposits of kuroko-type zinc, epithermal silver, massive sulfide-type zinc and volcanogenic zinc, but uncommon for deposits of orthomagmatic chromium, chemically precipitated copper and sandstone-type uranium.

石英脉型钨多金属矿床的扇状成矿实例及找矿模型

石英脉型钨矿床是中国数量最多的钨矿床类型,但保有储量消耗迅速,迫切需要创新找矿模型,指导找矿突破。文章结合二十余年的找矿实践,通过详细分析扇状成矿矿床实例,构建了石英脉型钨矿床新的找矿模型。该模型强调赋矿裂隙为岩浆动力成因,在花岗岩体顶部呈扇状分布型式,岩浆期后热液恰在裂隙张开时充填其中而形成扇状成矿系统;提出“就岩找矿”、“就矿找矿”、“就矿找岩”的地质、地球化学和地球物理标志,指导矿床尺度的勘查工程部署。截至目前,该模型已在广东禾尚田钨锡矿床、广西珊瑚钨锡矿床、广西社垌钨钼矿床、江西盘古山钨铋矿床等获得了验证,找矿成效显著。

辽东-吉南成矿带硼矿成矿规律与找矿探讨

辽东-吉南成矿带是我国最主要的硬岩型硼矿产地.本文在收集辽东-吉南地区前寒武纪地质、胶辽吉造山带等基础地质科研成果和成矿作用研究基础上,总结辽东地区古元古代造山作用与硼矿等成矿事件耦合关系,建立辽东-吉南成矿带硼矿成矿模式.通过调研后仙峪、翁泉沟和砖庙-杨木杆等典型硼矿床,汇总前人对硼、镁同位素分析结果,重新作图分析.研究认为硼矿经历了早期富集、古元古代造山过程中成矿和后期改造3个主要过程;富镁大理岩和初始富集硼为主要成矿物质来源;基性和超基性岩块在造山变质过程中对富硼流体的圈闭起到了重要作用,也贡献了部分成矿物质;后期变质作用破坏矿体,局部也起到了部分提高矿体品位的作用.同时分析了目前辽东地区制约硼矿找矿的主要因素,认为有待加强古元古代建造构造填图、构造解析,选择合适的勘查手段,并探讨了下一步硼矿找矿思路.

广西大厂铜坑银锌多金属矿地质特征及银的赋存状态

地处右江盆地东北缘的铜坑矿床是大厂矿田的重要组成部分,近年来矿区内发现多处银锌多金属矿(化)体,但对于银的赋存状态以及银多金属的富集成矿规律认识十分有限。通过野外调查以及矿物学研究,将铜坑银锌矿划分为4个阶段,包括锡石-石英阶段(Ⅰ)、锡石-硫化物阶段(Ⅱ)、含银-方铅矿阶段(Ⅲ)和石英-方解石阶段(Ⅳ),发现银矿化主要发生在含银-方铅矿阶段(Ⅲ)。运用BSE-EDS和EPMA等分析方法,对矿石矿物特征以及银的赋存状态进行研究,探究了银的产出特征与富集规律,剖析了制约银产出与富集的关键因素。结果显示,铜坑银锌矿中的银以可见银(>1μm)为主,另有少量的不可见银(<1μm);可见银以辉锑银铅矿和脆硫锑银铅矿为主。辉锑银铅矿在405中段以包裹体的形式分布于方铅矿中,在455中段则以包裹体、骨针状和正交网格状分布于方铅矿中或以不规则状产于方铅矿间隙和边缘。脆硫锑银铅矿仅产出于455中段方铅矿的边缘及其间隙。不可见银则主要以类质同象或次显微包裹体的形式赋存于方铅矿以及部分含锡硫盐矿物中;方铅矿作为重要的载银矿物,Cu^(+)和Sb^(3+)都会影响Ag^(+)进入方铅矿。Cu^(+)会结合Ag^(+)沉淀于早期黝铜矿中,而非方铅矿中。Sb通过Ag^(+)^(+)Sb^(3+)=2Pb^(2+)的方式,使Ag进入方铅矿晶格,形成成矿晚期的含银硫盐矿物。

黔西南低温成矿区萤石矿床成矿规律:与金锑矿床的空间关系

黔西南低温成矿区位于右江盆地北缘,发育众多中-大型金、锑矿床,是华南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分。除热液金、锑矿床外,该区普遍发育萤石矿化。本文在分析总结前人大量研究工作的基础上,结合最新勘查成果,对黔西南低温成矿区萤石矿床的成矿规律,以及萤石矿床与低温矿床之间的空间联系进行总结分析。结果表明,该区萤石形成与金-锑矿化为代表的大面积低温热液成矿事件有关。萤石微量元素、Sr同位素和包裹体H-O同位素组成揭示成矿流体为深部循环富放射性成因Sr流体与地层水混合,其冷却过程是萤石沉淀的主要机制。最新的勘探成果表明,区域上深大断裂控制了萤石矿床的空间展布,而矿床中萤石的产出明显受不同岩性面(或不整合面)之间的滑脱构造控制,多层次滑脱构造形成的背斜(穹隆)是萤石成矿的有利部位。由此认为,右江盆地北缘水城-紫云断裂与师宗-弥勒断裂的交汇部位(六枝-普安-晴隆一带)是萤石成矿远景区,热液金、锑矿床控矿背斜外围和多层次构造滑脱面具有较大的萤石成矿潜力。

宁陕县某金矿地质特征及富集规律

宁陕县某金矿地处秦岭中段南坡山地,金矿体主要赋存在燕山期NE-NNE向破碎蚀变带内的破碎蚀变岩及石英脉体中。目前,该矿正处于勘查阶段,只进行了基本的地质工作,研究程度较低。本文采用激电中梯测量和1:10000土壤化学测量圈定矿体后,通过钻探验证、槽探揭露、地质测量、取样分析等工作,查明金矿地质特征,分析成矿地质条件和矿床形成机制,概括矿物富集规律和找矿标志,为后期外围探矿和深部找矿提供真实可靠的理论依据。

中国不同时代主要类型铜矿床硫同位素特征及其成因意义

硫同位素是示踪矿床成矿物质来源的重要手段,对于揭示硫的物质循环也具有参考意义。笔者等选择我国不同类型、不同时间、不同空间的8个大型、超大型铜矿床,系统搜集和整理了1415个硫同位素数据资料,结果发现:①空间上,矽卡岩型、斑岩型和海相火山沉积型三类铜矿硫同位素组成显示“上重下轻”、“中轻边重”的规律。②时间上,矿床尺度从成矿早期到成矿晚期,不同类型矿石的δ^(34)S值逐渐增大;全国尺度不同类型铜矿中黄铜矿的硫同位素组成,从老到新,δ^(34)S值由正变负,与矿床尺度的变化规律相反。③对找矿的指示,甲玛和大宝山矿床中富矿体中硫化δ^(34)S值偏高,在阿舍勒矿床靠近矿化中心的黄铁矿δ^(34)S值偏低,胡篦型铜矿早期富钴黄铁矿δ^(34)S值高于晚期贫钴黄铁矿δ^(34)S值。总体上,除新太古代红透山铜矿之外,其他时代不同类型铜矿中黄铜矿δ^(34)S值从元古宙到古生代到中生代再到新生代,明显降低,与地球演化有关。

风化壳中不同种类黏土矿物对离子态稀土元素富集的贡献——以帽峰山风化剖面为例

在离子吸附型稀土矿床中,黏土矿物被认为是可交换离子态稀土元素的主要载体。高岭石和埃洛石是风化壳中富集稀土元素的主要黏土矿物,高岭石和埃洛石属同族矿物,结构相似,互为多型,由于常规方法无法准确区分高岭石和埃洛石的矿物组成和含量,从而无法准确区分各黏土矿物对稀土元素富集的贡献。本文以帽峰山风化剖面为研究对象,采用甲酰胺法处理风化壳样品,对风化壳中的高岭石和埃洛石进行半定量分析。并且,通过模拟吸附实验,查明了各类黏土矿物对稀土离子的吸附特征和吸附量,并结合等温吸附模型,揭示了黏土矿物对稀土离子的吸附机理。进一步通过理论计算,量化了各类黏土矿物对风化剖面不同深度稀土元素富集的贡献。结果表明,全风化层稀土元素富集的主要贡献矿物是高岭石,全风化层下部和表土层稀土元素富集的主要贡献矿物是埃洛石,半风化层稀土元素富集的贡献矿物同时包括高岭石、埃洛石和伊利石。本文半定量分析了风化壳中高岭石和埃洛石的矿物组成,量化了各类黏土矿物对风化壳各层稀土元素富集的贡献作用,厘清了各类黏土矿物对稀土离子的吸附机理,为进一步认识风化壳中稀土元素富集机制奠定理论基础。

西藏锑矿分布、类型及其成矿规律研究

【研究目的】锑是中国战略性矿种之一,构建新的锑矿资源基地势在必行。本文对西藏地区锑、锑−金、锑−铅−锌等矿床的地质特征、矿床类型、时空分布、成矿物质来源等进行分析与归纳,初步总结了西藏锑矿的成矿规律,对指导新一轮找矿突破具有重要意义。【研究方法】文章通过搜集、整理国内外已公开发表的西藏锑矿资料,结合最新区域地质调查成果,从地质特征、成因类型、地球化学等方面厘清西藏锑矿床(点)成矿作用与青藏高原形成演化之间的关系。【研究结果】西藏地区锑矿床类型以热液型为主,矿体主要赋存在碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩围岩中,地幔物质参与成矿,成矿时代集中在早白垩世至中新世(20 Ma左右)。成矿作用主要与碰撞型花岗质岩浆活动和碰撞后伸展期的岩浆作用有关。西藏地区锑矿的分布受各种层状构造、断裂、褶皱等构造联合控制,赋矿地层为上三叠统和侏罗系—白垩系。【结论】西藏锑矿具有分带性展布特征,从西向东划分出藏西、藏南、藏北和藏东4大锑成矿带。新生代是西藏地区锑矿最重要的成矿期,青藏高原强烈隆升后的陆内伸展背景有利于锑成矿。根据西藏锑矿成矿特征提出实用性的勘查模型,为锑矿找矿突破提供科学依据。