The biosynthesis of alarm pheromone in the wheat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi is regulated by hormones via fatty acid metabolism

Aphids are major insect pests in agriculture and forestry worldwide.Following attacks by natural enemies,many aphids release an alarm pheromone to protect their population.In most aphids,the main component of the aphid alarm pheromone(AAP)is the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon(E)-β-farnesene(EβF).However,the mechanisms behind its biosynthesis and regulation remain poorly understood.In this study,we used the bird cherry–oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi,which is an important wheat aphid,to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of EβF biosynthesis.Our results showed that EβF biosynthesis occurs during the mature embryo period and the molting period of the 1st-and 2nd-instar nymphs.Triglycerides provide the prerequisite material for EβF production and release.Based on transcriptome sequencing,RNAi analysis,hormone treatments,and quantitative measurements,we found that the biosynthesis of EβF utilizes acetyl coenzyme A produced from fatty acid degradation,which can be suppressed by juvenile hormone but it is promoted by 20-hydroxyecdysone through the modulation of fatty acid metabolism.This is the first systemic study on the modulation of EβF production in aphids.The results of our study provide insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of AAP biosynthesis,as well as valuable information for designing potential aphid control strategies.

Arg-Phe-amide-related peptides influence gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons

The hypothalamic Arg-Phe-amide-related peptides, gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone and orthologous mammalian peptides of Arg-Phe-amide, may be important regulators of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal reproductive axis. These peptides may modulate the effects of kisspeptins because they are presently recognized as the most potent activators of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. However, their effects on gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons have not been investigated. In the current study, the GT1-7 cell line-expressing gonadotropin-releasing hormone was used as a model to explore the effects of Arg-Phe- amide-related peptides on kisspeptin activation. Intracellular calcium concentration was quantified using the calcium-sensitive dye, fura-2 acetoxymethyl ester. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone released into the medium was detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results showed that 100 nmol/L kisspeptin-10 significantly increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone levels （at 120 minutes of exposure） and intracellular calcium concentrations. Co-treatment of kisspeptin with 1 μmol/L gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone or 1 μmol/L Arg-Phe-amide-related peptide-1 significantly attenuated levels of kisspeptin-induced gonadotropin-releasing hormone but did not affect kisspeptin-induced elevations of intracellular calcium concentration. Overall, the results suggest that gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone and Arg-Phe-amide-related peptide-1 may have inhibitory effects on kisspeptin-activated gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons independent of the calcium signaling pathway.

Dose-dependent effect of parathyroid hormone 1-34 fragment and its influence mechanism on the functional activity of isolated heart

The present investigation is the continuation of our prior clinical studies on the content of parathyroid hormone (PTH), its paracrine analog, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and electrolytes in blood of patients with heart failure. The results of these studies formed the basis for the nomination of the hypothesis on PTH and PTHrP compensatory-modulating effect on the contractile activity of heart. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of the compensatory-modulating effect of PTH on heart functional activity, which is realized by the study of effective doses of PTH by pharmacological analysis, using different inhibitors. The dose-dependent effect of PTH on the heart contraction rate and amplitude is studied on the frog isolated heart by the method of non-invasive registration of heart contractile activity. The method is based on the photoelectric principle of the reflected from the contractile object light ray transformation into an electric signaling. It is shown that the most effective dose that has positive chronotropic and inotropic effects on heart is 10–10 M hormone. To clarify the mechanism of PTH physiological dose action on the contractile activity of heart PTH 1-34 is combined with Ca-channel as well as phosphodiesterase blockers. The mentioned substances are applied based on the fact that PTH effect on target cells is mediated by secondary messengers, particularly calcium ions and cAMP. Based on the data obtained by combination of hormone with Verapamil (10–5 M) and Theophylline (10–4 M), we concluded on the involvement of calcium ions in the realization of chronotropic and cAMP in the inotropic effects on the heart.

The Stress of COVID-19:Playing Havoc with the Hormones-A Review

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)has affected millions of people across the world engendering an unprecedented pandemic.Coronavirus disease(COVID)-19 can present asymptomatic or in the form of the acute respiratory syndrome,viral pneumonia,or sepsis.Due to the novelty of the disease,the endocrine manifestations are not fully understood.It becomes indispensable to address the underlying endocrine disruptions contributing to the severe form of illness and thereby increasing the mortality.We discuss here the SARS-CoV-2 virus and endocrine reverberations based on the research with structurally similar SARS-COV-1.SARS-CoV-2 enters the body via its attachment to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)receptors.Apart from lungs,ACE2 expression on various organs can lead to endocrine perturbations.In COVID-19 infection,pre-existing endocrine disorders warrant cautious management and may require replacement therapy.COVID-19 and its repercussions on hormones are discussed extensively in this review.

Juvenile hormone induces reproduction via miR-1175-3p in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta

Juvenile hormone(JH)acts in the regulation of caste differentiation between queens and workers(i.e.,with or without reproductive capacity)during vitellin synthesis and oogenesis in social insects.However,the regulatory mechanisms have not yet been elucidated.Here,we identified a highly expressed microRNA(miRNA),miR-1175-3p,in the red imported fire ant,Solenopsis invicta.We found that miR-1175-3p is prominently present in the fat bodies and ovaries of workers.Furthermore,miR-1175-3p interacts with its target gene,broad-complex core(Br-C),in the fat bodies.By utilizing miR-1175-3p agomir,we successfully suppressed the expression of the Br-C protein in queens,resulting in reduced vitellogenin expression,fewer eggs,and poorly developed ovaries.Conversely,decreasing miR-1175-3p levels led to the increased expression of Br-C and vitellogenin in workers,triggering the“re-development”of the ovaries.Moreover,when queens were fed with JH,the expression of miR-1175-3p decreased,whereas the expression of vitellogenin-2 and vitellogenin-3 increased.Notably,the suppression of fertility in queens caused by treatment with agomir miR-1175-3p was completely rescued by the increased vitellogenin expression induced by being fed with JH.These results suggest the critical role of miR-1175-3p in JH-regulated reproduction,shedding light on the molecular mechanism underlying miRNA-mediated fecundity in social insects and providing a novel strategy for managing S.invicta.

抗利尿激素不适当分泌综合征(Treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone)的治疗

抗利尿激素不适当分泌综合征(SIADH)是因多种病理因素引起的抗利尿激素(ADH)分泌异常增多,导致体内水潴留,持续性低钠血症、低渗透压血症、尿呈反常的高渗透压、尿钠排泄增多等现象。由于低钠血症和低血浆渗透压,其临床特征则以脑细胞肿胀(脑水肿)所致中枢神经系统的功能紊乱为主要表现。

Amply regular图的林-陆-丘曲率和直径

利用Hall匹配定理,研究了在不同参数限制条件下围长为3或4的amply regular图的林-陆-丘曲率下界估计.作为推论,我们证明每一个会议图均有正的林-陆-丘曲率.我们的方法在围长为4以及一些特殊的围长为3情形为amply regular图的一个经典直径估计提供了几何证明.

Relationship between Growth Hormone and Cytokines in Short Children Undergoing Growth Hormone Stimulation Testing

Background: The relationship between growth hormone (GH) and cytokines remains unclear. Several studies have suggested that GH increases tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in both children and adults. However, a number of studies have demonstrated a negative correlation between GH and TNF α. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between endogenous GH secretion and certain pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in short children undergoing GH stimulation testing for evaluation for GH deficiency. Methods: Plasma growth hormone, TNF α, CRP, IL-6, IL1-β, IL-4 and IL-10 levels are obtained at baseline and every 30 minutes for 150 minutes following two provocative agents (clonidine, and either arginine or glucagon). Results: Among the 23 children, 7 are found to be GH deficient. No significant differences in baseline TNF α levels are found between GH deficient and GH sufficient children. No correlation is identified between TNF α levels and GH levels during stimulation testing. Furthermore, no relationship is found between GH and pro-inflammatory cytokines or GH and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Our results do not demonstrate an acute relationship between endogenous GH secretion and the cytokines examined.

生物体内5种游离生物激素的负化学源GC-MS连续分析研究

生物激素对生物体的生长发育和繁殖有着重要的生物学意义.已经有大量生物体体液或组织中的激素测定报道[1～4],但大多是针对某种激素或是一类激素的研究,还未见将5种游离生物激素(肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、17β-雌二醇和孕酮)两类激素一次性连续测定的报道.……

A REGULAR VALUE OF COMPACT DEFORMATION

Sufficient conditions were given to assert that between any two Banach spaces over K, Fredholm mappings share at least one .value in a specific open ball. The proof of the result is constructive and based upon continuation methods.

Effects of Garcinia kola “Bitter Kola” Powder on Sex Reversal, Survival and Growth Performance of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)

This study was carried out in 2022 at the Itato agriculture community estate of fish hatchery in eastern Senegal with the aim of finding an alternative method to 17-α-methyl testosterone (MT) by using Garcinia kola “Bitter kola” powder to obtain Oreochromis niloticus male sex populations. 1800 fry of average size between 0.01 and 0.02 g were distributed in 12 aboveground tanks of 1 m3 each at a rate of 150 individuals/tank, following 6 duplicate treatments. The negative (B1 and B2) and positive (B3 and B4) control diets, to which between 0 and 60 mg/kg of 17alpha-methyl testosterone had been added respectively, were mixed with industrial feed containing 40% protein;the tank diets (B5 and B6), (B7 and B8), (B9 and B10) and (B11 and B12) contained 10 g, 20 g, 30 g and 40 g of Garcinia kola powder respectively for 1 kg of industrial feed con-taining 40% protein. These different treatments resulted in high proportions of males in the order of 97.03%;98.09% for the hormone and proportions of 94.03%;93.26% for 20 g of Garcinia kola extracts. In terms of weight growth, the best average weights for the hormone and Garcinia kola were 0.896 g and 0.980 g respectively. With regard to fish survival, the following results were recorded: 95.53% and 94.56% respectively for additions of 20 g and 30 g of Garcinia kola extracts to the feed supplied to the fish. On the other hand, a significant difference in the mortality rate of 35% and 5% respectively for the conventional hormone and 20 g of Garcinia kola extracts was observed. To conclude the study, it is recommended that further studies be carried out to determine the quality of the flesh, their life stages and the profile of the amino acids present in their proteins.

月经规律女性抗缪勒氏管激素与基础卵泡刺激素关系的研究

目的探讨月经规律女性抗缪勒氏管激素（AMH）随年龄变化规律及其与基础卵泡刺激素（b FSH）之间的关系。方法以89例月经规律女性为研究对象,按年龄分为5组（20~24岁组,25~29岁组,30~34岁组,35~39岁组,40~44岁组）,应用全自动电化学发光法测定血清中AMH及b FSH水平,分析AMH及b FSH随年龄的变化规律及其相互间的关系。结果AM H水平与年龄呈负相关（r=-0.847,P〈0.001）;b FSH与年龄呈正相关（r=0.296,P=0.005）;除第2、3组间AM H无明显差异外（P=0.091）,其余各组间均有显著性差异（P1：2〈0.001,P1：3〈0.001,P1：4〈0.001,P1：5〈0.001,P2：4〈0.001,P2：5〈0.001,P3：4=0.003,P3：5〈0.001,P4：5〈0.001）;血清AM H水平与b FSH呈负相关（r=-0.406,P〈0.05）。结论月经规律女性AM H水平随年龄增加逐渐下降,其与年龄相关性优于b FSH,且AMH水平可预测b FSH水平,在评价卵巢功能中起重要作用。

生长激素分泌规律的研究概况

围绕生长激素在正常生理状况下的分泌方式，探讨了采食、品种、年龄、性别等因素对生长激素分泌的影响，并对生长激素正常分泌的调节进行了讨论。

人工周期中使用雌激素天数对冻融胚胎移植结局的影响

目的 通过对月经规律患者冻融胚胎移植（FET）人工周期准备子宫内膜的临床结局分析,探讨人工周期雌激素应用天数与妊娠结局的关系. 方法 回顾性分析武汉同济医院生殖中心2011年12月至2012年8月以人工周期准备子宫内膜,B超监测子宫内膜厚度≥8 mm时行复苏移植2个优质囊胚的月经规律患者共153个周期的临床资料.用黄体酮前雌激素应用天数按2分隔点分为≤15d组和＞15 d组,比较不同雌激素应用天数的一般情况和妊娠结局;并对超出理想内膜增生期的天数按3分隔点分为＜0、0～3和＞3 d组,比较三组间的一般情况和妊娠结局. 结果 （1）黄体酮转化前用雌激素总天数＞15 d组的流产率高于≤15d组,继续妊娠率低于≤15d组,但两组间胚胎着床率、临床妊娠率、流产率、继续妊娠率均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）;（2）应用雌激素超出理想内膜增生期0～3 d组的胚胎着床率、临床妊娠率、继续妊娠率稍高于其他两组,而流产率稍低于其他两组,但三组间妊娠结局无统计学差异（P＞0.05）. 结论 人工周期是一种较好的FET内膜准备方法,雌激素应用天数未显著影响妊娠结局,雌激素最佳应用天数有待增加样本量进一步研究.

发情前后雌性东北梅花鹿生殖激素变化规律

对3只雌性东北梅花鹿在发情前后利用吊圈保定法进行颈静脉采血,采用RIA测定血清中FSH、LH、E2和P的含量。结果表明:FSH从发情前第16d到10d缓慢升高,到第10d达2.89±0.21mIU/mL(P<0.05),然后处于平稳状态,直到发情后的第6d;LH从发情前第12d开始缓慢上升,到发情当天达峰值,发情后第2d又明显下降,之后变化不显著(P>0.05);E2在发情前第8d和第2d分别出现1个峰值(P<0.05或P<0.01),在发情当天显著下降(P<0.01),到发情后第2d下降到最低;P从发情前第16d缓慢上升,到第6d达峰值,在发情当天降为最低,在发情后第2d显著升高(0.84±0.16ng/mL,P<0.05),之后,保持平稳。在发情的24h内,各时间上FSH、LH、E2和P含量没有明显变化(P>0.05),并且与发情当天没有显著差异(P>0.05)。

甜菜生长发育期内源激素的变化规律

应用高效液相色谱法测定了甜菜生长发育期内源生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)和脱落酸(ABA)在甜菜根尖和幼叶中的含量,分析了这些内源激素含量对甜菜生长发育的影响。试验结果表明:在甜菜生长发育过程中,根尖和幼叶,均是GA3的含量高于IAA和ABA。幼叶与幼根中IAA比值为11～29,表明甜菜IAA源于幼叶中,IAA含量提高,可促进叶丛快速生长。在糖分积累期,新叶继生时IAA含量迅速提高。随生育进程,幼根中GA3与幼叶中IAA的比值逐渐下降,与叶丛生长速度比较,表现了同步下降的关系。ABA主要存在于幼叶中,是幼根的1.6～17.4倍,随生育进程,幼根中ABA变化较小,有逐步下降趋势,而幼苗中ABA含量在生育后期明显升高。

基于激素调节原理的隐式协调机制的应用研究

在保证按时完工的前提下,建立了制造系统任务分配问题的数学模型,针对传统的合同网等协调机制在求解任务分配问题时存在的某些不足,基于生物体内分泌的协调思想,设计了基于激素的隐式协调方法,并给出了该协调方法的具体实现步骤。结果表明:与基于合同网等传统的协调机制相比较,该方法具有协调质量高、通信量小、鲁棒性好等优点。

斜纹夜蛾发生规律和预测预报新方法

斜纹夜蛾是浙江省慈溪市蔬菜、大豆的重要害虫。 90年代以来已有 5年大发生 ,其原因为主害作物大豆、蔬菜面积大幅度增加 ,气候条件适宜 ,繁殖量大 ;其危害夏秋蔬菜损失达 65.6% ,危害秋大豆造成减产 2 2 .5%～ 77.5% ;应用斜纹夜蛾性诱剂进行预测预报 ,较黑光灯、糖醋液、树枝把诱蛾灵敏、清晰、专一。

A New Inversion Method of Sedimentary Strata For Deriving Double Parameters and Its Applications

The inverse problem of wave equation is the importance of study not only in seismic prospecting but also in applied mathematics. With the development of the research, the inverse methods of 1 - D wave equations have been trending towards the multiple parameters inversion . We have obtained an inverse method with double -parameter, in which medium density and wave velocity can be derived simultaneously. In this paper, to increase the inverse accuracy, the method is improved as follows. Firstly, the formula in which the Green Function is omitted are derived and used. Secondly, the regularizing method is reasonable used by choosing the stable function. With the new method, we may derive elastic parameter and medium density or medium density and wave velocity. Thus, lithology parameters for seismic prospecting may be obtained.After comparing the derived values from the new method with that from previous method, we obtain the new method through which substantially improve the derived accuracy . The new method has been applied to real depths inversion for sedimentary strata and volcanic rock strata in Chaoyanggou Terrace of Songliao Basin in eastern China. According to the inverse results,the gas - bearing beds are determlned.

Assessment and Inventory of Forest Ecosystems Biodiversity: Case Study for Karelian Isthmus of Leningrad Region, Russia

Regular grid of permanent sample plots (PSP) of ICP-Forests monitoring system was used for forest ecosystems biodiversity assessments and inventory. The supplementary features were added to the PSP structure to conduct biological diversity census: eight sample plots 1 × 1 m for geo-botanical description;two sample plots of 5 × 5 m each for description of the PSP’s undergrowth;one 25 × 25 m plot for coarse woody debris estimations;four soil inventory pits. The total number of PSP amounted to 248. Total data used are as following: 1) 1984 geo-botanical descriptions of vegetation belonging to ground cover layers made on 1 × 1 m sample plots;2) 496 descriptions of undergrowth on 5 × 5 m sample plots;3) 178 descriptions of woody debris on 25 × 25 m sample plots;4) 496 descriptions of soil inventory pits. General statistical indicators characterizing forest land cover diversity were calculated. Statistic indicators of α-diversity for the Karelian Isthmus forest vegetation cover have the following values: 1) m (mean number of species per PSP) = 26 species;2) σ (standard deviation) = 9.5 species;3) v (variation coefficient) = 36.5%;4) Р (deviation amplitude) = 60 – 7 = 53 species. β – diversity of forest ecosystems as well as γ – diversity also was studied on the base of information collected on the same regular grid of sample plots. It appears that sample plots distribution by species diversity gradation is well described by the standard curve of normal distribution for the entire Karelian Isthmus forest (determination coefficient of the curve being 95.2%) as well as for each type of forest. Hence, the criterion (standard) of biodiversity for forest ecosystems can be defined as the mean value of alpha diversity for each forest type group – m;and the standard deviation – σ, as a tool for assessing deviations from the standard. PSP locations are fixed using GPS technology, this allows biodiversity assessments at the same place in the next years for biodiversity trends estimations and consist the frame for systematic biodiversity inventory.