This study was conducted to evaluate the yield, water use efficiency and physiologic characteristics of “Tommy Atkins” mango under partial rootzone drying. The experiment was carried out in an orchard of mango in th...This study was conducted to evaluate the yield, water use efficiency and physiologic characteristics of “Tommy Atkins” mango under partial rootzone drying. The experiment was carried out in an orchard of mango in the irrigated perimeter of Ceraíma, BA. Five treatments and six repetitions were used with one tree per experimental plot: 01—Full Irrigation, 100% of ETc, 02—100% of ETc with frequency of alternance (FA) of 15 days, 03—80% ETc with FA of 15 days, 04—60% of ETc with FA of 15 days, 05—40% ETc with FA of 15 days. The treatments were conductedfrom the beginning of flowering to the harvest of mango in an orchard irrigated by drip. There was no significant reduction in productivity of “Tommy Atkins” mango under PRD up to 40% of ETc and PRD with 40% ETc resulted in greater water use efficiency. There was no significant difference among the averages of photosynthetically active radiation, Qleaf;leaf temperature, Tl;internal CO2 concentration, Ci;transpiration, E;stomatal conductance, gs;photosynthesis, A;carboxylation efficiency, A/Ci;quantum efficiency of photosynthesis, A/Qleaf and instantaneous water use efficiency, A/E between full irrigation and PRD with different water depth. The increase in leaf temperature causes reduction in A/Qleaf and A/E, however, it increases the transpiration. Increased gs results in higher rates of E, A and A/Ci. The use of the PRD with 40% of ETc causes no interference in gas exchange, maintains the yield and increases water use efficiency in “Tommy Atkins” mango tree.展开更多
Regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)was applied to gray jujube trees in an oasis region,to determine the effects of this irrigation system on soil salinity,gray jujube physiological processes,fruit yield,and fruit qualit...Regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)was applied to gray jujube trees in an oasis region,to determine the effects of this irrigation system on soil salinity,gray jujube physiological processes,fruit yield,and fruit quality.Treatments consisted of severe,moderate and low deficit irrigation(irrigated with 85%,70%and 55%of CK,respectively)at the flowering stage to fruit set stage.During the other growth stages,all treatments were irrigated with 80%of pan evaporation,which was the same as that in control.The results indicated that soil salinity was enhanced during the periods of water stress,but the high value of soil salinity declined by 3.48%-37.27%,at each depth,after irrigation was resumed.RDI caused a decline in the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance,but enhanced the water use efficiency of the leaves.However,the leaf photosynthetic rate was effectively enhanced after the recovery of irrigation,especially in the moderate deficit irrigation treatment,which exceeded the control.This led to an improved fruit yield,which was 9.57%higher than that of the control.The deficit treatments caused a significant increase in the soluble solid content,soluble sugar content,single fruit weight and sugar/acid ratio.Enhanced vitamin C content,resulting from deficit treatments,has also been observed in the gray jujube.Therefore,this research shows that RDI provides some benefits in the production of gray jujube trees in desert conditions.展开更多
The adoption of water-saving irrigation strategies is required particularly for wine grape variety,which has been widely cultivated in arid and semiarid areas.To assess vine response to regulated deficit irrigation(RD...The adoption of water-saving irrigation strategies is required particularly for wine grape variety,which has been widely cultivated in arid and semiarid areas.To assess vine response to regulated deficit irrigation(RDI),the grape growth and berry composition under five treatments that irrigated at a certain percentage of the crop evapotranspiration(ET c)were evaluated over a 3-year period in a vineyard with the grape variety of Cabernet Sauvignon.The results indicated that RDI had a significant effect on the grape berry size and yield.The largest berry size(12.20 mm)was obtained under the T50 in 2014,while the smallest berry size(9.83 mm)one was obtained under the CK treatments in the same season.The highest individual yield occurred in the T50 treatment,with an average of 1.99 kg,followed by the T25-50 treatment.However,both weights were significantly larger than that of the CK treatment.Compared with the T50 treatments,the individual grape vine yield in the T50-25 treatments were slightly less by 16.9%for 2013,15.3%for 2014 and 18.1%for 2015.Compared to control(CK)treatment,the soluble solid and reducing sugar contents decreased,the total acid content increased,and the sugar/acid ratio basically showed a downward trend.The treatment irrigated at 50%ET c until veraison and 25%thereafter(T50-25)increased the phenolic compound content in grape skins.The treatment received only rain water during the grape growing season(CK)and the one irrigated at 25%of the ET_(c) crop evapotranspiration(T25)caused defoliation and negatively affected the yields and grape composition during all 3 years.Therefore,the RDI not only inhibited the vine vegetative growth but also improved the fruit quality.In terms of productivity and grape composition,the Cabernet Sauvignon grape variety was most sensitive to water stress post-veraison.Over the comprehensive consideration of yield,water-use efficiency and berry composition,the T50-25 treatment was the most efficient irrigation strategy in this area.展开更多
The effects of regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)on the performance of almond cv.Tuono,peach cv.JH-Hall and plum cv.Stanley were assessed on the Saiss Plain(NW,Morocco)over three consecutive growing seasons(2011–2013)...The effects of regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)on the performance of almond cv.Tuono,peach cv.JH-Hall and plum cv.Stanley were assessed on the Saiss Plain(NW,Morocco)over three consecutive growing seasons(2011–2013).Irrigation treatments consisted of a control,irrigation applied to fully satisfy crop water requirements(100%ETC),and two RDI treatments,irrigation applied to 75%ETC(RDI-75)and 50%ETC(RDI-50).These three treatments were applied during fruitgrowth slowdown periods corresponding to Stages II and III in almond and Stage II in peach and plum.Yield and fruit quality traits were determined.The effect of RDI differed between species.Yield and fruit size were reduced significantly only in peach under RDI-50.Fruit quality improved in this species in the first year of the experiment,with an increase of sugar/acid ratio and polyphenol content.Plum quality also improved but the effects were significant only in the second and third years.Similar results were recorded in almond kernel,but their epidermal grooves were deeper under RDI-50,and this may have affected their commercial value.It is concluded that water can be saved during the fruitgrowth slowdown period by up to 25%in peach and 50%in almond and plum with improvements in fruit quality without affecting total yield.展开更多
The deficient agricultural water caused by water shortage is a crucial limiting factor of horticultural production.Among many agricultural water-saving technologies,regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)has been proven to ...The deficient agricultural water caused by water shortage is a crucial limiting factor of horticultural production.Among many agricultural water-saving technologies,regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)has been proven to be one of the effective technologies to improve water use efficiency and reduce water waste on the premise of maintaining the quality of agricultural products.RDI was first reported more than 40years ago,although it has been applied in some areas,little is known about understanding of the implementation method,scope of application and detailed mechanism of RDI,resulting in the failure to achieve the effect that RDI should have.This review refers to the research on RDI in different crops published in recent years,summarizes the definition,equipment condition,function,theory illumination,plant response and application in different crops of RDI,and looks forward to its prospect.We expect that this review will provide valuable guidance for researchers and producers concerned,and support the promotion of RDI in more horticultural crops.展开更多
Water is an increasingly scarce resource worldwide and irrigated agriculture remains one of the largest and most inefficient users of this resource. Low water use efficiency （WUE） together with an increased competit...Water is an increasingly scarce resource worldwide and irrigated agriculture remains one of the largest and most inefficient users of this resource. Low water use efficiency （WUE） together with an increased competition for water resources with other sectors （e.g. tourism or industry） are forcing growers to adopt new irrigation and cultivation practices that use water more judiciously. In areas with dry and hot climates, drip irrigation and protected cultivation have improved WUE mainly by reducing runoff and evapotranspiration losses. However, complementary approaches are still needed to increase WUE in irrigated agriculture. Deficit irrigation strategies like regulated deficit irrigation or partial root drying have emerged as potential ways to increase water savings in agriculture by allowing crops to withstand mild water stress with no or only marginal decreases of yield and quality. Grapevine and several fruit tree crops seem to be well adapted to deficit irrigation, but other crops like vegetables tend not to cope so well due to losses in yield and quality. This paper aims at providing an overview of the physiological basis of deficit irrigation strategies and their potential for horticulture by describing the major consequences of their use to vegetative growth, yield and quality of different crops （fruits, vegetables and ornamentals）.展开更多
文摘This study was conducted to evaluate the yield, water use efficiency and physiologic characteristics of “Tommy Atkins” mango under partial rootzone drying. The experiment was carried out in an orchard of mango in the irrigated perimeter of Ceraíma, BA. Five treatments and six repetitions were used with one tree per experimental plot: 01—Full Irrigation, 100% of ETc, 02—100% of ETc with frequency of alternance (FA) of 15 days, 03—80% ETc with FA of 15 days, 04—60% of ETc with FA of 15 days, 05—40% ETc with FA of 15 days. The treatments were conductedfrom the beginning of flowering to the harvest of mango in an orchard irrigated by drip. There was no significant reduction in productivity of “Tommy Atkins” mango under PRD up to 40% of ETc and PRD with 40% ETc resulted in greater water use efficiency. There was no significant difference among the averages of photosynthetically active radiation, Qleaf;leaf temperature, Tl;internal CO2 concentration, Ci;transpiration, E;stomatal conductance, gs;photosynthesis, A;carboxylation efficiency, A/Ci;quantum efficiency of photosynthesis, A/Qleaf and instantaneous water use efficiency, A/E between full irrigation and PRD with different water depth. The increase in leaf temperature causes reduction in A/Qleaf and A/E, however, it increases the transpiration. Increased gs results in higher rates of E, A and A/Ci. The use of the PRD with 40% of ETc causes no interference in gas exchange, maintains the yield and increases water use efficiency in “Tommy Atkins” mango tree.
基金This study was funded by the National Key Research Program(2016YFC0400208)Technical Demonstration Project of Ministry of Water Resources(SF-201733).
文摘Regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)was applied to gray jujube trees in an oasis region,to determine the effects of this irrigation system on soil salinity,gray jujube physiological processes,fruit yield,and fruit quality.Treatments consisted of severe,moderate and low deficit irrigation(irrigated with 85%,70%and 55%of CK,respectively)at the flowering stage to fruit set stage.During the other growth stages,all treatments were irrigated with 80%of pan evaporation,which was the same as that in control.The results indicated that soil salinity was enhanced during the periods of water stress,but the high value of soil salinity declined by 3.48%-37.27%,at each depth,after irrigation was resumed.RDI caused a decline in the photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance,but enhanced the water use efficiency of the leaves.However,the leaf photosynthetic rate was effectively enhanced after the recovery of irrigation,especially in the moderate deficit irrigation treatment,which exceeded the control.This led to an improved fruit yield,which was 9.57%higher than that of the control.The deficit treatments caused a significant increase in the soluble solid content,soluble sugar content,single fruit weight and sugar/acid ratio.Enhanced vitamin C content,resulting from deficit treatments,has also been observed in the gray jujube.Therefore,this research shows that RDI provides some benefits in the production of gray jujube trees in desert conditions.
基金This work was supported by the Key R&D Plan of Ningxia(2016BZ06)Western Top Disciplines Construction Project of Horticulture(NXYLXK2017B03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31460552).
文摘The adoption of water-saving irrigation strategies is required particularly for wine grape variety,which has been widely cultivated in arid and semiarid areas.To assess vine response to regulated deficit irrigation(RDI),the grape growth and berry composition under five treatments that irrigated at a certain percentage of the crop evapotranspiration(ET c)were evaluated over a 3-year period in a vineyard with the grape variety of Cabernet Sauvignon.The results indicated that RDI had a significant effect on the grape berry size and yield.The largest berry size(12.20 mm)was obtained under the T50 in 2014,while the smallest berry size(9.83 mm)one was obtained under the CK treatments in the same season.The highest individual yield occurred in the T50 treatment,with an average of 1.99 kg,followed by the T25-50 treatment.However,both weights were significantly larger than that of the CK treatment.Compared with the T50 treatments,the individual grape vine yield in the T50-25 treatments were slightly less by 16.9%for 2013,15.3%for 2014 and 18.1%for 2015.Compared to control(CK)treatment,the soluble solid and reducing sugar contents decreased,the total acid content increased,and the sugar/acid ratio basically showed a downward trend.The treatment irrigated at 50%ET c until veraison and 25%thereafter(T50-25)increased the phenolic compound content in grape skins.The treatment received only rain water during the grape growing season(CK)and the one irrigated at 25%of the ET_(c) crop evapotranspiration(T25)caused defoliation and negatively affected the yields and grape composition during all 3 years.Therefore,the RDI not only inhibited the vine vegetative growth but also improved the fruit quality.In terms of productivity and grape composition,the Cabernet Sauvignon grape variety was most sensitive to water stress post-veraison.Over the comprehensive consideration of yield,water-use efficiency and berry composition,the T50-25 treatment was the most efficient irrigation strategy in this area.
文摘The effects of regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)on the performance of almond cv.Tuono,peach cv.JH-Hall and plum cv.Stanley were assessed on the Saiss Plain(NW,Morocco)over three consecutive growing seasons(2011–2013).Irrigation treatments consisted of a control,irrigation applied to fully satisfy crop water requirements(100%ETC),and two RDI treatments,irrigation applied to 75%ETC(RDI-75)and 50%ETC(RDI-50).These three treatments were applied during fruitgrowth slowdown periods corresponding to Stages II and III in almond and Stage II in peach and plum.Yield and fruit quality traits were determined.The effect of RDI differed between species.Yield and fruit size were reduced significantly only in peach under RDI-50.Fruit quality improved in this species in the first year of the experiment,with an increase of sugar/acid ratio and polyphenol content.Plum quality also improved but the effects were significant only in the second and third years.Similar results were recorded in almond kernel,but their epidermal grooves were deeper under RDI-50,and this may have affected their commercial value.It is concluded that water can be saved during the fruitgrowth slowdown period by up to 25%in peach and 50%in almond and plum with improvements in fruit quality without affecting total yield.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation Project(31901971)the class General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020 M673507)+1 种基金the Innovation Capacity Support Plan of Shaanxi Province(2022NY-039,2022ZDLNY04-04,2020-TD-47)the Science and Technology Innovation and Achievement Transformation project of Experimental Demonstration Station(Base)of Northwest A&F University(TCZX2020-36).
文摘The deficient agricultural water caused by water shortage is a crucial limiting factor of horticultural production.Among many agricultural water-saving technologies,regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)has been proven to be one of the effective technologies to improve water use efficiency and reduce water waste on the premise of maintaining the quality of agricultural products.RDI was first reported more than 40years ago,although it has been applied in some areas,little is known about understanding of the implementation method,scope of application and detailed mechanism of RDI,resulting in the failure to achieve the effect that RDI should have.This review refers to the research on RDI in different crops published in recent years,summarizes the definition,equipment condition,function,theory illumination,plant response and application in different crops of RDI,and looks forward to its prospect.We expect that this review will provide valuable guidance for researchers and producers concerned,and support the promotion of RDI in more horticultural crops.
文摘Water is an increasingly scarce resource worldwide and irrigated agriculture remains one of the largest and most inefficient users of this resource. Low water use efficiency （WUE） together with an increased competition for water resources with other sectors （e.g. tourism or industry） are forcing growers to adopt new irrigation and cultivation practices that use water more judiciously. In areas with dry and hot climates, drip irrigation and protected cultivation have improved WUE mainly by reducing runoff and evapotranspiration losses. However, complementary approaches are still needed to increase WUE in irrigated agriculture. Deficit irrigation strategies like regulated deficit irrigation or partial root drying have emerged as potential ways to increase water savings in agriculture by allowing crops to withstand mild water stress with no or only marginal decreases of yield and quality. Grapevine and several fruit tree crops seem to be well adapted to deficit irrigation, but other crops like vegetables tend not to cope so well due to losses in yield and quality. This paper aims at providing an overview of the physiological basis of deficit irrigation strategies and their potential for horticulture by describing the major consequences of their use to vegetative growth, yield and quality of different crops （fruits, vegetables and ornamentals）.
