Analysis of Effluent Outfall Problems and Their Classification and Regulation Countermeasures

Effluent outfalls are an important exit for pollutants discharged from the source flowing into environmental water bodies,as well as an important guarantee for the ecological environment of natural water bodies.In response to main problems of large and diverse effluent outfalls,as well as their monitoring analysis,tracing and regulation in China,classification and regulation countermeasures were proposed based on the characteristics of effluent outfalls.It is suggested that a comprehensive management and control system should be built by improving the management and control system,upgrading monitoring techniques and strengthening social supervision and public education,so as to provide a scientific basis for the supervision and management of effluent outfalls in China and help promote the improvement of water quality and the sustainable development and utilization of water resources.

Thermally Conductive and UV-EMI Shielding Electronic Textiles for Unrestricted and Multifaceted Health Monitoring

Skin-attachable electronics have garnered considerable research attention in health monitoring and artificial intelligence domains,whereas susceptibility to elec-tromagnetic interference(EMI),heat accumulation issues,and ultraviolet(UV)-induced aging problems pose significant constraints on their potential applications.Here,an ultra-elas-tic,highly breathable,and thermal-comfortable epidermal sensor with exceptional UV-EMI shielding performance and remarkable thermal conductivity is developed for high-fidelity monitoring of multiple human electrophysiological signals.Via filling the elastomeric microfibers with thermally conductive boron nitride nanoparticles and bridging the insulating fiber interfaces by plating Ag nanoparticles(NPs),an interwoven thermal con-ducting fiber network(0.72 W m^(-1) K^(-1))is constructed benefiting from the seamless thermal interfaces,facilitating unimpeded heat dissipation for comfort skin wearing.More excitingly,the elastomeric fiber substrates simultaneously achieve outstanding UV protection(UPF=143.1)and EMI shielding(SET>65,X-band)capabilities owing to the high electrical conductivity and surface plasmon resonance of Ag NPs.Furthermore,an electronic textile prepared by printing liquid metal on the UV-EMI shielding and thermally conductive nonwoven textile is finally utilized as an advanced epidermal sensor,which succeeds in monitoring different electrophysiological signals under vigorous electromagnetic interference.This research paves the way for developing protective and environmentally adaptive epidermal electronics for next-generation health regulation.

Design and Availability Research of a Flammable and Explosive Volatiles Monitoring and Early Warning System (FEVMEW) for the Bus Crowded Places

In order to reduce the arson or accidental fire losses, we developed a gas sensitive detector used for the rapid detection and early warning of flammables in crowded places such as buses. A MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) based thin film semiconductor was fabricated as the gas sensor. To obtain the target gas selective response, the surface of the sensitive film was modified with highly active metal catalytic nano-particles. Thus the anti-interference ability was improved and the false alarm rate was effectively reduced. Furthermore, the modular embedded system for information acquisition and transmission was developed. Supported by the Airflow Precision control system (APs), the rapid warning of volatile gas of flammable substances was realized. Experiments showed that RAs has satisfied selectivity to volatiles of usual flammable liquid, such as the output voltage reaches 3 V (0 - 3.3 V). With simulation about the actual installation state in bus, MWs sounds an alarm at 2 minutes after splashing 50 mL 92# petrol to the floor. For the last two years, FEVMEW has been integrated into more than 4000 buses in Hefei. This design has been proved feasible according to the actual operation.

Development and Application of a Heating Remote Monitoring System Based on KingSCADA

A remote monitoring system for a secondary heating pipe network is designed on the basis of the KingSCADA software.Remote data communication is implemented through the IP mapping technology.Remote data are sorted through IOServer,and the remote monitoring of the pipe network unit port return is implemented accordingly.Using data such as water temperature and pressure of the water supply and return pipes,valve opening can be remotely adjusted to optimize the performances of the network to meet user needs in real time.The research results show that this remote monitoring system displays a reasonable degree of stability and efficiency in remote communication.

Monitoring and Evaluation on Indoor Radon Concentration in a District of Xi'an

[Objective] The research aimed to monitor and evaluate indoor radon concentration in one district of Xi＇an City. r Method] In order to master the effective dose per year caused by natural radiation to local residents, the investigation about the level of indoor radon in one district of Xi＇an was developed. Based on the proper monitoring scheme, some typical living rooms were sampled. Through the measurement result, the effects of different factors on radon concentration were obtained. Finally, the radon concentration was transferred into the effective dose per year of local residents. [ Result] Indoor radon concentration in the district was during 49.680 -128.856 Bq/m3, and average concentration in each building was within 100 Bq/m3, which belonged to normal range. When sunny day became rainy day, radon concentration firstly had a rise trend. If continuous rainy weather appeared, indoor radon concentration gradually declined. When other conditions were same, indoor radon concentration under window closing was significantly higher than that under window opening. Indoor radon concentration had a decline trend from 13：00 to 20：00 and a rise trend from 01：00 to 06：00. Condusion The district belonged to radon safety house. To protect residents＇ health to the maximum extent, according to transfer change rule of the radon, window should be opened to ventilate in the morning when radon concentration was higher.

Implementation of the Air Quality Monitoring Network at Agadir City in Morocco

Air pollution is a major global issue with widely known harmful effects on human health and the environment. This pollution is a very complex phenomenon given the diversity of pollutants that may be present in the atmosphere. The air quality in urban areas is of a great concern for residents living in cities and represents a current issue that requires an adequate management. So that air quality policy is driven by health concerns. In this paper, we present an overview on the experience of Agadir city to establish the air quality management policy, local authority on the whole have developed a good understanding of air quality in the area. Indeed for several years, efforts have been made to monitor the air quality in this city, this translated by air quality assessment since 2006 using mobile laboratory and fixed station. Our goals in this study were to review the operation of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) making better use of available resources to improve its outcomes and make recommendations with a view to improving air quality issues. This work highlights the requirement to revise periodically the LAQM for generating priority for air quality issues within local authority and the need to implement the optimizing Air Quality Monitoring Network (AQMN).

Regulation and decision system of water, fertilizer and salt in salinized farmland based on WebGIS

In this paper, aiming at the problems of insufficient soil nutrients and high salt content in Wudi core demonstration area of Bohai Granary, a monitoring and management system of water, fertilizer and salt in saline-alkaline farmland based on WebGIS was established in order to monitor and control water, fertilizer and salt. Based on the Windows.NET platform, using B/S mode of operation architecture and Visual Studio 2010 as the software development environment, the related components in ArcGIS Engine were invoked by ArcGIS API for Silverlirht, and the WEB system was developed by C# and XMAL language. Based on the principle of water, fertilizer and salt balance, a monitoring model and a regulation model for water, salt and nutrients were established. Intelligent analysis and application of farmland soil data were realized, and a precision agriculture system with data query, early warning diagnosis, monitoring and control of water, fertilizer and salt was formed. And the "water and salt homologue, water supply due to demand, adequate and multiple" irrigation scheme and the salt and alkali reduction scheme of "synergistic conditioning of agents and nutrients" and a nutrient regulation plan for "stabilizing nitrogen, increasing phosphorus, supplementing potassium at the discretion" and "quick-acting combining slow release" were put forward. Compared with the period without monitoring and control of water and salt, the effect of water saving and fertilizer saving was improved, and the yield of wheat and maize was also significantly increased. It provided guidance for local users to increase crop production and income, and greatly improved the utilization of resources and grain production.

Dynamic Imaging of Autophagy-lysosomal Pathway and Autophagy Function Following Pulmonary Hypoxia/Reoxygenation In Vitro

Alterations of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway（ALP） and autophagy have been involved in lung ischemia-reperfusion（I/R） injury. However, dynamic imaging of ALP function under lung I/R injury particularly is not fully understood. Here we depicted the live-cell fluorescence imaging of autophagosome to monitor ALP activation and autophagy function. The p As Red2-N1-LC3 vectors were transfected into CRL-2192 NR8383（an alveolar macrophage cell line） and CCL149（an alveolar epithelial cell line） successfully. 0-h, 2-h, 4-h, and 6-h hypoxia/0-h, 2-h, 4-h, and 6-h reoxygenation were then induced with an ALP inhibitor（3-MA） or activator（rapamycin） in the culture of transfected cells separately. ALP activation was conformed by up-regulating AMPK and beclin1 expression. Apoptosis was not obvious in 2-h hypoxia/2-h reoxygenation. p As Red2-N1-LC3 CCL149 and p As Red2-N1-LC3 NR8383 cells revealed gradually enhanced As Red2 from 2-h to 6-h hypoxia/reoxygenation. As Red2 varied sensitively to 3-MA and rapamycin interventions during 2-h hypoxia/reoxygenation. Our data provides a simple method of autophagosome imaging to monitor ALP activation and autophagy function in lung I/R injury.

The Mitigation Strategies for Managing the Potential Environmental Risks Posed by Oil and Gas Development on Mangrove Ecosystems in the Coastal Communities

Guyana is an oil-producing country vulnerable to potential oil spills and the environmental risks posed by oil and gas exploration and production activities. Despite the technologically advanced equipment employed by ExxonMobil Guyana and affiliates, an oil spill could occur due to accidents, equipment failures, or sabotages. The selected coastal communities as the study areas in Region 1 and Region 2 could be adversely affected, particularly the mangrove ecosystems. Potential oil spill pollution will adversely impact mangrove ecosystems in Region 1 and Region 2. Mangroves offer significant benefits to coastal communities, such as coastal defence and carbon sequestration, which puts Guyana on the world map. The research aimed to investigate the mitigation strategies to manage the potential environmental risks on mangrove ecosystems in the coastal communities of Region 1 and Region 2. It followed a qualitative approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with the Toshaos of the selected coastal communities. The data analysis strategy was thematic analysis using the Nvivo software. The major themes included legal and policy frameworks, oil spill response strategies, community-based involvement, and monitoring and enforcement of regulations. The significant results included reviewing and updating the regulatory framework for mangrove management and conservation;oil spills mitigation measures such as containment and shoreline protection and cleanup, cost recovery and compensation, and limited monitoring and law enforcement of mangrove management and conservation regulations by inter-agencies. The regulatory and institutional framework is outdated and needs to be amended. The agencies overseeing mangrove management and conservation have overlapping responsibilities and require more coordination. There should be greater collaboration among agencies for mangrove management and conservation and improved monitoring and enforcement programmes through institutional support.

电磁耦合智能分层采油技术

针对现有分层采油工艺技术存在的不适应检泵作业、有效工作寿命短、通讯可靠性差等问题,提出了电磁耦合智能分层采油技术,研制了核心工具及配套工具,并开展了现场试验。采用生产和配产管柱分离的丢手管柱结构,当两管柱在井下对接后,利用电磁耦合原理实现管柱间电能与信号的近距离无线传输,为井下多个智能配产器供电,并实现双向通讯。研制了适应井下复杂工况的电磁耦合传能与通讯装置、智能配产器、地面控制器等核心工具,以及大通径丢手锚定器、油井过电缆封隔器等配套工具,实现了技术定型。在大庆油田完成10口井现场试验,两管柱井下对接快捷、可靠,电磁耦合传能与通讯装置工作稳定,实现了井下分层流量、压力、温度的实时监测和分层产液量调控,提高了储层认识程度,取得了增油、降含水的生产实效。

基于Android平台的移动式燃气调压站监控系统设计

为解决燃气小型调压站分布广、实时远程移动式监控难的问题,以STM32为主控芯片,结合GPRS无线技术和互联网Android平台设计燃气调压站远程实时监控系统。系统采用STM32微处理器实时采集现场压力、温度、流量以及泄漏情况数据,并以GPRS无线的方式上传数据至云服务器。Android终端连接至云服务器可以实时获取调压站数据,并根据末端需求实时调整现场电气设备参数。测试结果显示,该系统实现了对多个调压站数据实时移动式监控,并具有运行稳定可靠、操作简单特点。

基于PROFIBUS-DP的纺织厂温湿度监控系统

针对纺织厂空调系统主要采用人工控制的现状,提出一种基于PROFIBUS-DP的温湿度监控系统。以新疆阿克苏巨鹰纺织厂为例,给出了系统总体控制方案,将该系统划分为现场设备层、设备控制层和管理监控层三级结构,并详细阐述了系统的软、硬件设计。试验结果表明,该系统不仅可提高系统稳定性和运行效率,也实现了整个温湿度控制过程的实时监控和管理。

宝清电厂600 MW八角切圆燃烧锅炉水动力特性研究

本文以黑龙江省宝清县国能宝清电厂600 MW八角切圆燃烧锅炉为研究对象,基于数值模拟和水动力及壁温计算结果,针对实际运行中可能出现的超温情况进行了分析。本研究开发了水冷壁在线监测系统,开展了系统功能设计、界面设计等,开发的系统具有水动力稳定性监测、流量分配监测、壁温监测等功能,可以以30 s每次的频率实时读取电厂运行数据,并在系统界面上全面地展示全水冷壁各管段的壁温和水动力特性计算结果,并对超温等异常情况做出报警。本文可为实际运行过程提供指导。

封闭式固态发酵体系监测与调控的研究进展

封闭式固态发酵体系是指在封闭可控的条件下,自动化、智能化完成固态发酵的系统,以此达到稳定产品质量、降低劳动强度、提升智能化程度的目的。近年来,随着传统酿造行业转型升级、推进智能制造的需求日益迫切,封闭式固态发酵体系的研发越来越受到行业及科研人员的关注。本文从各类监测设备和方法的运用、各种数学模型和调控策略的开发、各式调控策略对监测设备的优化角度出发,综述封闭式固态发酵体系的监测方式,介绍封闭式固态发酵体系的调控策略,为将来改进和研发封闭式固态发酵体系提供一定的理论依据。

基于Thevenin模型的蓄电池内阻监测装置的现场校验方法研究

蓄电池组在线监测系统在发电厂和变电站广泛应用,但其监测性能在交接验收和后期运行中缺乏行之有效的现场校准评价手段,导致运行中监测的有效性如何评价成为一个亟需解决的问题。文章基于Thevenin模型和GB/T 19638.1(IEC 60896-22 MOD)中的蓄电池内阻测量方法,提出了"标定电池+校验装置比对"的蓄电池组在线监测系统现场校验方法。通过该方法测得的标定电池内阻值与现场测量内阻值比率值E_(n)<0.191,符合ISO/IEC 17025标准要求。结果表明,该方法可对蓄电池组内阻值进行现场测试,实现对蓄电池组在线监测系统的在线校验,提高厂站用蓄电池组的运维管理水平。

Systematic Reviews/Meta-Analyses of Integrative Medicine in Chinese Need Regulation and Monitoring Urgently and Some Suggestions for Its Solutions

With the introduction and development of evidence-based medicine in China, it has been spread rapidly in the area of integrative medicine（IM） and has become a new unique discipline. During almost 20 years, as one of the most important parts of evidence-based IM, systematic review（SR）/meta-analysis（MA） of IM have shown a good development momentum in the aspects of quantity, depth, breadth and influence, but also face the harsh situation of the uncontrolled quantity and quality, especially for SRs in Chinese. Therefore, how to supervise and standardize this area effectively becomes a problem to be solved. Based on the experience both at home and abroad, the authors put forward several kinds of solutions for laying the foundation for further development such as promoting the registration system of SR/MA of IM, effectively setting up the regulatory platform of quality and quantity, launching professional training for SR/MA reviewers, formingqualification registration, developing the data transfer and sharing platform to realize the transparency of evidence process.

水稻害虫:研究进展与展望

水稻是我国主要的粮食作物,病虫害的发生直接威胁水稻生产安全。水稻害虫种类多,灾变机制复杂,绿色防控新技术开发难度大。深入研究水稻害虫的监测和早期预警技术、发育与生殖调控机制、化学通信机制和新型防控技术等,不仅有助于阐明水稻害虫发生灾变机制,还将为害虫综合治理提供新的有效的防控靶点和防控技术。近年来,我国学者在水稻害虫研究领域取得显著进展,在多个研究方向取得重要成果,本专辑汇集了一些最新研究进展。本文概述了目前关于水稻害虫研究的最新进展,介绍了本专辑论文的主要研究内容,并提出了如下值得更深入关注的3个研究方向:(1)水稻害虫智能化监测和早期预警;(2)水稻害虫灾变机制及演变规律;(3)水稻害虫绿色防控靶点挖掘及可持续防控体系构建和应用。

云调控与变电站设备监测技术融合应用研究

针对变电站设备仿真以及监测系统,结合云技术,展开了云调控与变电站设备监测技术融合应用研究,为智能变电站提供了能量管理和设备管理,实现了对系统有功、无功功率的实时监测,同时也能满足北京电力公司职业技能培训的要求。

政府与公众监管下外调水与地方水合规取用的演化博弈

针对调水工程受水区用水户使用外调水意愿不足,存在过度开采当地地下水或超量使用地表水等违规取用水行为的情况,基于社会共治理念,考虑引入社会公众监督力量,借助演化博弈理论,通过建立地方政府、用水户与社会公众的三方演化博弈模型,探讨不同情况下地方政府、用水户与社会公众的演化稳定策略以及实现系统稳定的条件,并通过系统动力学仿真分析研究模型中关键参数对三方利益主体演化策略的影响。结果表明:政府监管成本、补贴力度、处罚力度、违规取用水行为监管发现率以及社会公众监督举报成本是影响三方演化博弈的关键因素。其中,降低政府监管成本能够显著提升政府监管力度;提升政府水费补贴和惩罚力度能够促进用水户选择使用外调水,相较于政府处罚力度,用水户对于政府补贴力度更加敏感;降低监督举报成本能够提升社会公众参与监督的意愿。为此,建议政府从优化监管机制和措施、完善取用水奖惩制度与引导公众广泛参与3个方面推进调水工程受水区外调水的消纳与本地水的合规取用。

燃煤发电机组灵活调峰下机炉安全状态监测与调控研究综述

“双碳”背景下新能源大量接入电网,燃煤发电机组承担调峰任务,长期处于瞬态运行过程,其灵活运行水平需进一步提升,但深度调峰与快速变负荷使机组运行可靠性下降,机组灵活调峰能力面临设备安全性制约。该文对燃煤发电机组在灵活调峰下安全稳定运行的研究现状进行评述。首先,综述调峰工况下锅炉换热面、汽轮机转子等部件存在的安全技术问题,明确灵活运行对机组设备安全性的影响。其次,对比分析监测温度、应力等关键运行状态参数的不同方法优缺点与适用性;针对存在的安全技术问题介绍现有的机组运行参数优化与设备结构优化方法。未来将可靠性评估与诊断、停机保温预热及智能先进控制等技术应用于燃煤发电机组的调峰运行将对其安全性提升具有重要意义。最后,对目前燃煤发电机组灵活安全运行的研究现状及面临问题进行总结。