Expression and prognosis analyses of Dectin-1 cluster genes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and the association with immune checkpoint molecules

Reviews The Dectin-1 cluster comprises seven members:CLEC-12A,CLEC-12B,CLEC-1A,CLEC-7A,CLEC-2,CLEC-9A and OLR1.These members have been demonstrated to be involved in the tumorigenesis,progression,and metastasis of several cancers.However,little is known about their roles in human lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD).The expression patterns of the Dectin-1 cluster were analyzed via the ONCOMINE and GEPIA databases.We evaluated the prognostic value of the Dectin-1 cluster in patients with LUAD using the Kaplan-Meier plotter and GEPIA.Differential expression was validated with the EMBL-EBI database,and protein expression was analyzed with the HPA database.In addition,protein-protein interaction network,GO,and KEGG analyses were conducted.Finally,the correlations between CLEC-12A and immune molecules(immune inhibitors and MHC molecules)were investigated via TISIDB and GEPIA.The expression levels of Dectin-1 cluster genes were downregulated in LUAD tissues compared to those in normal lung tissues.The expression levels of CLEC-12A,CLEC-12B,CLEC-2,and CLEC-9A correlated with tumor stage,and CLEC-12A and CLEC-12B were significantly associated with survival in patients with LUAD.The seven genes mostly participated in immune regulation processes and were involved in autoimmune disorders and hematological malignancies.Finally,correlation analyses revealed CLEC-12A expression was associated with most immune inhibitors and MHCs.CLEC-12A was positively related to PD-1,PD-L1,PD-L2,CTLA4,TIM3,and LAG3.In conclusion,our findings suggest that CLEC-12A and CLEC-12B can be used as prognostic biomarkers in LUAD.CLEC-12A expression was associated with immune checkpoint molecules,and CLEC-12A may be a potential assistant target to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors immunotherapy.

The expression and significance of cyclin B1 and survivin in human non-small cell lung cancer

Objective:We studied the expression of cyclin B1 and survivin in human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),and the relationship between such expression and clinicopathological features of NSCLC.Methods:One hundred cases of tissue specimen including NSCLC,neighboring noncancerous tissue and normal lung tissue were collected at random.These specimens were detected by immunohistochemical methods.Results:The expression of cyclin B1 and survivin showed significant difference(P < 0.01) between NSCLC tissues,proliferating epithelial cells of bronchioles and small bronchi in neighboring noncancerous tissues,and normal lung tissues.Compared with normal lung tissues,there was an overexpression of cyclin B1 and survivin in NSCLC and an enhancing expression of cyclin B1 and survivin in proliferating epithelial cells of bronchioles and small bronchi in neighboring noncancerous tissues.Significantly positive correlation was found between the overexpression of cyclin B1 and that of survivin in 100 NSCLC cases(P < 0.01).The significantly positive correlation was also found between the enhancing expression of cyclin B1 and that of survivin in proliferating epithelial cells of bronchioles and small bronchi in neighboring noncancerous tissues(P < 0.01).No statistical significance was found between the different histological types,the differentiated degree,lymphatic metastasis and the expression of cyclin B1 and survivin(P > 0.05) in NSCLC.Statistical significance was marked between different clinical stages of NSCLC and the expression of cyclin B1 and survivin(P < 0.05).Conclusion:The overexpression of cyclin B1 and survivin was found in NSCLC.The expression of cyclin B1 and survivin might be up-regulated during an early step of tumorigenesis and during the development of NSCLC.The progression of cell cycle could be efficiently connected with the control of apoptosis by the interrelations between the overexpression of cyclin B1 and that of survivin in NSCLC during the G2/M phase.The overexpression of cyclin B1 and survivin might be used as marker in showing the dividing and proliferating ability,and the inhibiting apoptosis ability(lengthening cell lifespan) of NSCLC.Moreover,the overexpression of cyclin B1 and survivin was associated with the clinic stages of NSCLC.

Regulating and tonifying spleen and kidney traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of chronic uric acid nephropathy: A systematic review

Objective:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for regulating spleen and kidney.Methods:We developed a search strategy and then retrieved the database including CNKI,Wanfang data knowledge service platform,VIP journals resource integration service platform,PubMed,Embasefor randomized controlled trial of regulating spleen and kidney traditional Chinese medicine compared with conventional western medicine in the treatment of chronic uric acid nephropathy.The search deadline was set to June 30,2020.For the included literature,we applied the cochrane collaboration network risk bias assessment tool to evaluate the methodological quality,and evaluated the level of evidence according to GRADE standards.Quantitative data was analyzed by RevMan5.3 software,and trial sequential analysis method was used to analyze its efficiency.Results:A total of 709 cases in 10 articles were included.Compared with the control group,the related traditional Chinese medicine group improved the effective rate[RR=1.45,95%CI(1.32,1.58)],reduced the level of UA[MD=-36.24,95%CI(-41.03,-31.45)],BUN[SMD=-1.27,95%CI(-1.47,-1.07)]and SCR[MD=-36.33,95%CI(-55.79,-16.87),P=0.0003],the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no evidence that a significant adverse reaction occurred.The results of TSA analysis showed that the Chinese medicine group had definite evidence for improving the efficiency.According to the GRADE evaluation criteria,the efficiency,UA,BUN and SCR outcome indicators were extremely low-quality evidence.Conclusions:Traditional Chinese medicine for regulating spleen and kidney in the treatment of chronic uric acid nephropathy improved efficiency,reduced the level of UA,BUN,SCR.Meanwhile,the therapy was proved to be safe.Nevertheless,the conclusions need further high-quality evidence to support.

MiR-183-5p promotes the progression of non-small cell lung cancer through targeted regulation of FOXO1

Objective To investigate miR-183-5p targeting to forkhead box protein O1(FOXO1)and its corresponding effect on the proliferation,migration,invasion,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cells.Methods NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues from 60 patients with NSCLC adenocarcinoma were obtained via pathological biopsy or intraoperative resection.Several cell lines were cultured in vitro,including the human normal lung epithelial cell line BEAS-2B and human NSCLC cell lines A549,SPCA-1,PC-9,and 95-D.miR-183-5p and FOXO1 mRNA expression in tissues and cells were detected by qRT-PCR;the corresponding correlations in NSCLC tissues were analyzed using the Pearson test,and the relationship between miR-183-5p expression and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.The miR-183-5p-mediated regulation of FOXO1 was verified by bioinformatics prediction alongside double luciferase,RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation(RIP)assay,and pull-down experiments.A549 cells were divided into control,anti-miR-NC,anti-miR-183-5p,miR-NC,miR-183-5p,miR-183-5p+pcDNA3.1,and miR-183-5p+pcDNA3.1-FOXO1 groups.Cell proliferation,invasion,migration,apoptosis,and cell cycle distribution were detected using an MTT assay,clone formation assay,Transwell assay,scratch test,and flow cytometry,respectively.The expression of EMT-related proteins in the cells was analyzed by western blotting.The effect of miR-185-3p silencing on the development of transplanted tumors was detected by analyzing tumor formation in nude mice.Results miR-183-5p expression was significantly higher in NSCLC tissues and cells than in adjacent normal tissues,whereas FOXO1 mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated.There was a significant negative correlation between miR-183-5p and FOXO1 mRNA in NSCLC tissues(P<0.05).Additionally,the expression of miR-183-5p was significantly correlated with tumor size,tumor differentiation,and tumor-node-metastasis stage in patients with NSCLC(P<0.05).miR-183-5p targeted and inhibited FOXO1 expression.Compared to the anti-miR-NC group,the cell proliferation,scratch healing rate,N-cadherin and vimentin protein expression,and the proportion of S phase cells were significantly lower in the anti-miR-183-5p group,whereas the protein expression of E-cadherin andα-catenin and the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells were significantly higher;additionally,the frequency of colony formation and invasion were significantly lower in the anti-miR-183-5p group(P<0.05).Compared to the miR-NC group,the cell proliferation,scratch healing rate,N-cadherin and vimentin protein expression,and the proportion of S phase cells in the miR-183-5p group were significantly higher,whereas the E-cadherin andα-catenin protein expression and the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells were significantly lower;furthermore,the frequency of colony formation and invasion were significantly higher in the miR-183-5p group(P<0.05).Compared with the miR-183-5p+pcDNA3.1 group,the OD value,scratch healing rate,N-cadherin and vimentin protein expression,and the proportion of S phase cells were significantly lower in the miR-183-5p+pcDNA3.1-FOXO1 group,whereas E-cadherin andα-catenin protein expression and the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells were significantly higher;additionally,the frequency of colony formation and invasion was significantly lower in the miR-183-5p+pcDNA3.1-FOXO1 group(P<0.05).Overall,silencing miR-185-3p inhibited the growth of transplanted tumors and promoted FOXO1 expression.Conclusion Overexpression of miR-183-5p can inhibit apoptosis and promote the proliferation,migration,invasion,and EMT,of NSCLC cells by down-regulating FOXO1 expression.

Theoretical Discussion on Treatment of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Based on Theory of Liver,Spleen and Kidney

Cubital tunnel syndrome is a disease in which ulnar nerve is compressed by its surrounding tissues,and its main clinical manifestations are pain,sensory disturbance and dyskinesia.Its incidence rate is the second highest among peripheral nerve entrapment diseases,and it is one of the common clinical diseases.The theory of liver,spleen and kidney can guide the treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome with traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture.By discussing the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)pathogenesis and treatment principles of cubital tunnel syndrome,it provides modern medical theoretical support for TCM treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome.

The change of basic fibroblast growth factor and effect of prostacyclin in lung injury

In this study,the changes in activity and mRNA transcript of basic fibroblast growth fac-tor(bFGF)in lung injury and the effect of prostacyclin on the treatment of lung injury wereinvestigated.The result of the experiment revealed that there were not any bioactive bFGF andbFGF mRNA in the lung tissue of normal dogs.bFGF activity and bFGF mRNA were detectedonly in the injured lung tissue.Prostacyclin could slightly elevate the activity of bFGF andsignificantly elevate the level of bFGF mRNA.The findings suggest that(1)the level of bFGF in-creased after lung injury.(2)Prostacyclin could influence the expression of bFGF.(3)bFGF couldplay an important role in the repair of injury lung tissue.

Anticancer actions of PPARγ ligands:Current state and future perspectives in human lung cancer

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPARs) are ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factors and members of the nuclear receptor superfamily.Of the three PPARs identified to date(PPARγ,PPARβ/δ,and PPARα),PPARγ has been studied the most,in part because of the availability of PPARγagonists(also known as PPARγ ligands)and its significant effects on the management of several human diseases including type 2 diabetes,metabolic syndrome,cardiovascular disease and cancers.PPARγ is expressed in many tumors including lung cancer,and its function has been linked to the process of lung cancer development, progression and metastasis.Studies performed in gynogenic and xenograft models of lung cancer showed decreased tumor growth and metastasis in animals treated with PPARγ ligands.Furthermore,data are emerging from retrospective clinical studies that suggest a protective role for PPARγ ligands on the incidence of lung cancer.This review summarizes the research being conducted in this area and focuses on the mechanisms and potential therapeutic effects of PPARγ ligands as a novel anti-lung cancer treatment strategy.

THE OUTLINES OF THE PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION FOR INTERNATIONAL ACUPUNCTURE & MOXIBUSTION PROFESSIONALS

I International Professional Acupuncturists Proficiency Examination (On Probation) The Test Outline for Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine1.1 The meaning and basic content of the integrated concept.1.2 The implications of treatment according to differentiation of syndromes; differentiating syn- dromes and diseases.2. Yin-Yang and Five

The effect of antenatal corticosteroids on maternal serum glucose in women with diabetes

Objective: To evaluate changes in serum glucose values following administration of corticosteroids in women with gestational (GDM) or pre-gestational diabetes (PGDM). Method: Patients with diagnoses of pregnancy and GDM or PGDM from 2006-2009 who received corticosteroids for enhancement of fetal pulmonary maturity as an inpatient were identified following IRB approval. Fasting (FSG) and two hour post prandial serum (PPSG) glucose levels, and oral anti-hyperglycemic agents and insulin given were recorded. Day 1 (D1) was the day the first dose of corticosteroid was administered. The percentage of women with FSG > 95 mg/dL and the percentage with at least one PPSG > 120 mg/dL during each day were calculated. Data were analyzed utilizing SPSS v15. Results: Fifty-five patients met the study criteria. FSG was greater than 95 mg/dL in over 90% of women on Days 2 and 3 and remained elevated in 51% on Day 4. At least one PPSG was greater than 120 mg/dL in 81% - 98% on Days 1 - 3, and in over 60% on Days 4 - 6. The majority of women taking insulin received increases in doses that were less than double their regular dose (26 out of 33);the others received higher doses. Three of 6 patients who began the study taking glyburide were started on insulin. Of the 19 who began the study with diet controlled GDM, 11 were started on medication. Conclusion: Women with GDM or PGDM who are administered antenatal corticosteroids will experience prolonged serum glucose levels above the range associated with optimal pregnancy outcome.

Changes of respiratory function on urine volume, renal AQP1, and AQP2 in mice with bronchial asthma and effects of lung-diffusing herb Platycodon grandiflorus (JACQ.) A.DC.

Objective:To observe the effect of respiratory-function changes on urinary output and expression of aquaporin (AQP) in kidney tissue in bronchial asthma (BA) model mice.To explore the correlation between the lung controlling breathing and the lung regulating the waterways,and observe regulation by the lung-diffusing herb platycodon root (Platycodon grandiflorus (JACQ.) A.DC.).Methods:Forty-five healthy female Balb/c mice were divided randomly into normal,model and platycodon root groups.The BA model was replicated by complex sensitization and stimulation with ovalbumin (OVA).Changes in airway resistance were detected using an AniRes2005 system,and 24-hour urine output collected by metabolic cages.Histopathologic changes in the lung and kidney were observed by H&rE staining.Expression of the mRNA of AQP1 and AQP2 was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry,and immunofluorescence.Results:Compared with the normal group,airway resistance in the inspiratory phase intensified in the model group (P <.01).Following the pathologic changes in lung tissue,but no significant change in kidney tissue,24-hour urinary output decreased significantly (P <.05),and levels of AQP1,AQP2 and their mRNA increased significantly in the model group (P <.01).Compared with the model group,airway resistance in the inspiratory phase was weakened(P <.01).The urinary output increased (P <.05),pathologic changes in lung tissues decreased,and renal expression of AQP1,AQP2 and their mRNA decreased significantly (P <.01) in the platycodon root group.Conclusion:Changes in respiratory function in BA model mice can affect how the lung regulates water pathways.Platycodon root diffusing the lung can ameliorate the respiratoryfunction and pathologic changes in the lung tissues of BA model mice,but also regulate urinary output and renal expression of AQP1 and AQP2.

Water metabolism from lung,spleen and kidney

Water and liquid are the material basis of human metabolism.Traditional Chinese medicine believes that water and liquid metabolism is a very complex process that requires the synergy of the internal organs,but mainly the physiological functions of the lungs,spleen and kidneys.If the function or structure of the spleen,lungs,kidneys,or triple-burner is abnormal,it is easy to cause abnormalities in the body's water metabolism,which in turn leads to the production of pathological products such as damp phlegm.

Identification of NR3C2 as a functional diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target in non‐small cell lung cancer

Background:Non‐small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),including the lung squamous cell carcinoma(LUSC)and lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)subtypes,is a malignant tumor type with a poor 5‐year survival rate.The identification of new powerful diagnostic biomarkers,prognostic biomarkers,and potential therapeutic targets in NSCLC is urgently required.Methods:The UCSC Xena,UALCAN,and GEO databases were used to screen and analyze differentially expressed genes,regulatory modes,and genetic/epigenetic alterations in NSCLC.The UCSC Xena database,GEO database,tissue microarray,and immunohistochemistry staining analyses were used to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values.Gain‐of‐function assays were performed to examine the roles.The ESTIMATE,TIMER,Linked Omics,STRING,and DAVID algorithms were used to analyze potential molecular mechanisms.Results:NR3C2 was identified as a potentially important molecule in NSCLC.NR3C2 is expressed at low levels in NSCLC,LUAD,and LUSC tissues,which is significantly related to the clinical indexes of these patients.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggests that the altered NR3C2 expression patterns have diagnostic value in NSCLC,LUAD,and especially LUSC patients.Decreased NR3C2 expression levels can help predict poor prognosis in NSCLC and LUAD patients but not in LUSC patients.These results have been confirmed both with database analysis and real‐world clinical samples on a tissue microarray.Copy number variation contributes to low NR3C2 expression levels in NSCLC and LUAD,while promoter DNA methylation is involved in its downregulation in LUSC.Two NR3C2 promoter methylation sites have high sensitivity and specificity for LUSC diagnosis with clinical application potential.NR3C2 may be a key participant in NSCLC development and progression and is closely associated with the tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltration.NR3C2 co‐expressed genes are involved in many cancer‐related signaling pathways,further supporting a potentially significant role of NR3C2 in NSCLC.Conclusions:NR3C2 is a novel potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in NSCLC.

Clinical observation on moxibustion therapy plus tuina in treating children with recurrent respiratory tract infections due to qi deficiency of spleen and lung

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion therapy plus Liu's pediatric massage(tuina)for children with recurrent respiratory tract infections due to qi deficiency of spleen and lung.Methods:A total of 60 children who met the inclusion criteria were divided into an observation group and a control group according to the visiting sequence,with 30 cases in each group.Children in the observation group were treated with moxibustion therapy plus Liu's pediatric massage,and those in the control group were treated with Liu's pediatric massage alone.The incidence of respiratory tract infections and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)symptoms score were observed and recorded in both groups before and after treatment.And the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups・Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.3%,and that of the control group was 83.3%.The differenee between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the TCM symptoms score and total times of infections in both groups were all statistically different from those before treatment(all P<0.05).The differences in TCM symptoms score and infection frequency before and after treatment in the observation group were statistically different from those in the control group(both P<0.05).Conclusion:Moxibustion therapy plus Liu's pediatric massage has a better effect in improving the clinical symptoms and reducing the frequency of respiratory tract infections for children with recurrent respiratory tract infections due to qi deficiency of spleen and lung than the pediatric massage alone.

Therapeutic observation on lung-clearing and spleen-strengthening tuina in children with exogenous cough

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of lung-clearing and spleen-strengthening tuina on exogenous cough in children.Methods:A total of 77 children with exogenous cough that met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group according to the random number table,with 39 cases in the treatment group and 38 cases in the control group.The routine lung-clearing manipulation was used in the two groups,while the spleen-strengthening manipulation was added in the treatment group.Both groups were treated once a day,5 times as a course of treatment.After one course of treatment,the symptom score and clinical efficacy were observed.Results:There were one dropout in the treatment group and 2 dropouts in the control group.Therefore,a total of 74 cases were finally included in the analysis,with 38 cases in the treatment group and 36 cases in the control group.After treatment,there was a statistically significant difference in cough score between the two groups(P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the score of poor appetite between the two groups(P<0.05).After treatment,the total effective rate was 89.5%in the treatment group versus 75.0%in the control group,showing a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion:The therapeutic efficacy of lung-clearing spleen-strengthening manipulation is better than that of lung-clearing tuina manipulation alone for children with exogenous cough;regulating spleen and stomach can improve the curative efficacy of exogenous cough in children.

TREATMENT OF OCULAR HYPERTENSION AND GLAUCOMA WITH MODIFIED XIAOYAO SAN (EASE POWDER)

The recipe of Xiaoyao San (Ease Powder) is selected from a book entitled " He Ji Ju Fang" ("Prescriptions of Peaceful Benevolent Dispensary" ). It is composed of Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Bai Shao(Radix Paeoniae Alba), Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri), Bai Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae). Fu Ling (Poria). Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae). Bo He

Effect of mechanical ventilation on urine volume and expression of aquaporins in rabbits

Objective:To explore biological mechanisms underlying the traditional Chinese medicine theory of 'lung governing the regulation of water passage' by observing effects of mechanical ventilation on urine volume and related bioactive substances.Methods:A total of 16 male rabbits were randomly divided into control and lung expansion model groups (n =8 per group),which were examined during the following four respiratory intervention stages (10 minutes each):(1) free breathing without any respiratory intervention;(2) lung expansion induced by mechanical ventilator;(3) free breathing without ventilator intervention;(4) cutting of bilateral sympathetic,vagus,and depressor nerves with mechanical ventilation.Data for breathing rate,blood pressure,and urine drops were recorded with a Medlab data acquisition system.Levels of nitric oxide (NO),antidiuretic hormone (ADH),endothelin 1 (ET-1),angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ),prostaglandin E2 (PGE2),and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were detected in lung tissue,kidney tissue,and serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Protein expression of aquaporins 1 and 2 (AQP1 and AQP2) was detected in kidney tissue by immunohistochemistry,while Aqp1 mRNA and Aqp2 mRNA levels in kidney tissue were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Histopathological changes in lung and kidney tissues were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results:Compared with the control group,number of urine drops during the second and fourth stages is significantly decreased in the model group (P <.05).In addition,NO and PGE2 content in lung and kidney tissues was significantly decreased in the model group (P <.05).ANP content in model group lung and kidney tissues was significantly increased (P <.05),while ET-1 content in these tissues was significantly decreased (P <.05).AngⅡ content in kidney tissue was significantly decreased in the model group (P <.05),while serum AngⅡ content of the animals was significantly increased (P <.05).Expression of AQP1 and AQP2 proteins in kidney tissue was significantly higher in the model group than in the control group (P <.05).No obvious histopathological changes were observed in lung or kidney tissues of animals in either group.Conclusions:Mechanical ventilation reduced urine volume,increased expression of AQP1 and AQP2 in kidney tissue,and altered levels of NO,ADH,ET-1,AngⅡ,PGE2,and ANP in lung tissue,kidney tissue,and serum.These results provide an experimental basis for preliminary studies of mechanisms under pinning the theory of 'lung governing the regulation of water passage'.

A high-resolution cell atlas of the domestic pig lung and an online platform for exploring lung single-cell data

The genetically engineered pig is regarded as an optimal source of organ transplantation for humans and an excellent model for human disease research,given its comparable physiology to human beings.A myriad of single-cell RNA sequencing(sc RNA-seq)data on humans has been reported,but such data on pigs are scarce.Here,we apply sc RNA-seq technology to study the cellular heterogeneity of 3-month-old pig lungs,generating the single-cell atlas of 13,580 cells covering 16 major cell types.Based on these data,we systematically characterize the similarities and differences in the cellular cross-talk and expression patterns of respiratory virus receptors in each cell type of pig lungs compared with human lungs.Furthermore,we analyze pig lung xenotransplantation barriers and reported the cell-type expression patterns of 10 genes associated with pig-to-human immunobiological incompatibility and coagulation dysregulation.We also investigate the conserved transcription factors(TFs)and their candidate target genes and constructed five conserved TF regulatory networks in the main cell types shared by pig and human lungs.Finally,we present a comprehensive and openly accessible online platform,Scdb Lung.Our sc RNA-seq atlas of the domestic pig lung and Scdb Lung database can guide pig lung research and clinical applicability.

Extracts from Huangqi(Radix Astragali Mongoliciplus) and Ezhu(Rhizoma Curcumae Phaeocaulis) inhibit Lewis lung carcinoma cell growth in a xenograft mouse model by impairing mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, vascular endothelial growth factor prod

OBJECTIVE: To study the anti-tumor effects of the extracts from Huangqi(Radix Astragali Mongolici)and Ezhu(Rhizoma Curcumae Phaeocaulis) on the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma(LLC) in a xenograft mouse model and to investigate the possible underlying mechanism.METHODS: LLC tumor-bearing C57 BL/6 mice were treated with normal saline, cisplatin(2 mg/kg intraperitoneally every other day), or Huangqi(Radix Astragali Mongolici) and Ezhu(Rhizoma Curcumae Phaeocaulis)(1∶1, 2∶1, or 3∶1 ratio;5, 8, or 11 g/kg crude drug intragastrically every day) for 15 d.Body weights and tumor volumes were measured every other day. Tumors were excised on day 15 and analyzed. Tumor microvessel density(MVD)was assessed by immunohistochemical staining of CD34;and expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor(VEGF), the mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2(ERK1/2), and Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)and their phosphorylated forms were assessed by Western blotting.RESULTS: Treatment with cisplatin caused a significant loss of body weight compared with controls,whereas Huangqi(Radix Astragali Mongolici) and Ezhu(Rhizoma Curcumae Phaeocaulis) extract combinations had no effect. Extracts from Huangqi(Radix Astragali Mongolici) and Ezhu(Rhizoma Curcumae Phaeocaulis) significantly decreased tumor weight and tumor MVD compared with controls,and at the 3∶1 treatment group had similar efficacy to cisplatin in reducing MVD. Tumors from Huangqi(Radix Astragali Mongolici) and Ezhu(Rhizoma Curcumae Phaeocaulis) treatments also showed decreased p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2,JNK, and p-JNK expression compared with the control group(all P < 0.01). VEGF protein expression was significantly reduced in the 2∶1 and 3∶1 treatment groups compared with the control group(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Extracts from Huangqi(Radix Astragali Mongolici) and Ezhu(Rhizoma Curcumae Phaeocaulis) hindered LLC growth in the xenograft mouse model, possibly via inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway, VEGF production, and tumor angiogenesis.

Emerging mechanisms of ferroptosis and its implications in lung cancer

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies and has the highest number of deaths among all cancers.Despite continuous advances in medical strategies,the overall survival of lung cancer patients is still low,probably due to disease progression or drug resistance.Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death triggered by the lethal accumulation of lipid peroxides,and its dysregulation is implicated in cancer development.Preclinical evidence has shown that targeting the ferroptosis pathway could be a potential strategy for improving lung cancer treatment outcomes.In this review,we summarize the underlying mechanisms and regulatory networks of ferroptosis in lung cancer and highlight ferroptosis-targeting preclinical attempts to provide new insights for lung cancer treatment.