G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2(GRK2),as a key Ser/Thr protein kinase,belong to the member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase(GRK)family.The C-terminus of GRK2 including a plekstrin homology domain and the N...G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2(GRK2),as a key Ser/Thr protein kinase,belong to the member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase(GRK)family.The C-terminus of GRK2 including a plekstrin homology domain and the N-terminus of GRK2 including the RGS homology domain with binding sites for several proteins and lipids such as G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs),G protein,phospholipase C,phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate,extracellular signal-regulated kinase,protein kinase A and Gβγ,which can regulate the activity of GRK2.GRK2 can regulate GPCR desensitization and internalization by phosphorylating the GPCR,promoting the affinity of binding to arrestins,and uncoupling the receptors from G proteins,which play an important role in maintaining the balance between the receptors and signal transduction.Previous studies have indicated that cardiac GRK2overexpression can promote the phosphorylation ofβ-adrenergic receptor(βAR)leading toβAR desensitization and internalization,which play a pivotal role in inducing heart failure(HF)-related dysfunction and myocyte death.GRK2,as a regulator of cell function,is overexpression in hypertension.Overexpression GRK2 can inhibit Akt/e NOS signaling pathway and decreased the production and activation of e NOS leading to endothelial dysfunction.Collagen-induced arthritis induces the upregulation of GRK2 expression in fibroblast-like synoviocytes.In this review,we mainly discussed the evidence for the association between GRK2 overexpression and various diseases,which suggests that GRK2 may be an effective drug target for preventing and treating heart failure,hypertension and inflammatory disease.展开更多
目的通过观察地高辛(Digoxin)干预血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的ApoE-/-小鼠高血压性心肌肥厚模型后,对G蛋白调节因子2(regulator of G protein signaling 2,RGS2)的影响,探讨地高辛治疗高血压性心肌肥厚的作用与可能的机制。方法 30只雄性...目的通过观察地高辛(Digoxin)干预血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的ApoE-/-小鼠高血压性心肌肥厚模型后,对G蛋白调节因子2(regulator of G protein signaling 2,RGS2)的影响,探讨地高辛治疗高血压性心肌肥厚的作用与可能的机制。方法 30只雄性ApoE-/-小鼠随机分为对照组、AngⅡ模型组和AngⅡ+Digoxin治疗组。所有小鼠从术前1d至术后处死前均接受0.5%二甲基亚砜或地高辛溶液腹腔注射治疗,并且在术后28d获取心脏组织,通过组织学检查、苏木精-伊红(HE)染色切片分析技术评定心肌组织形态学变化、RGS2的mRNA及蛋白表达水平来评价地高辛的作用。结果与AngⅡ模型组相比,AngⅡ+Digoxin组全心重量、左心室壁厚度、心肌细胞直径均明显减少(P<0.05或P<0.01),RGS2mRNA变化不明显,而蛋白表达增高(P<0.01),心肌肥厚明显减轻。同时检测小鼠在术前3d,手术当天,术后3、7、14、28d的血压,发现AngⅡ+Digoxin组与AngⅡ模型组比较,术后7d和14d血压下降(均P<0.05),术后28d则差异无统计学意义。结论地高辛可能通过上调ApoE-/-小鼠高血压心肌肥厚模型RGS2的表达,有效减轻心肌肥厚,这说明地高辛可能在抑制心肌细胞肥大中起重要作用。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(8150212381330081)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(1308085QH130)Provincial Natural Science Research Foundation of Anhui Province(KJ2014A119)
文摘G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2(GRK2),as a key Ser/Thr protein kinase,belong to the member of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase(GRK)family.The C-terminus of GRK2 including a plekstrin homology domain and the N-terminus of GRK2 including the RGS homology domain with binding sites for several proteins and lipids such as G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs),G protein,phospholipase C,phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate,extracellular signal-regulated kinase,protein kinase A and Gβγ,which can regulate the activity of GRK2.GRK2 can regulate GPCR desensitization and internalization by phosphorylating the GPCR,promoting the affinity of binding to arrestins,and uncoupling the receptors from G proteins,which play an important role in maintaining the balance between the receptors and signal transduction.Previous studies have indicated that cardiac GRK2overexpression can promote the phosphorylation ofβ-adrenergic receptor(βAR)leading toβAR desensitization and internalization,which play a pivotal role in inducing heart failure(HF)-related dysfunction and myocyte death.GRK2,as a regulator of cell function,is overexpression in hypertension.Overexpression GRK2 can inhibit Akt/e NOS signaling pathway and decreased the production and activation of e NOS leading to endothelial dysfunction.Collagen-induced arthritis induces the upregulation of GRK2 expression in fibroblast-like synoviocytes.In this review,we mainly discussed the evidence for the association between GRK2 overexpression and various diseases,which suggests that GRK2 may be an effective drug target for preventing and treating heart failure,hypertension and inflammatory disease.
文摘目的通过观察地高辛(Digoxin)干预血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的ApoE-/-小鼠高血压性心肌肥厚模型后,对G蛋白调节因子2(regulator of G protein signaling 2,RGS2)的影响,探讨地高辛治疗高血压性心肌肥厚的作用与可能的机制。方法 30只雄性ApoE-/-小鼠随机分为对照组、AngⅡ模型组和AngⅡ+Digoxin治疗组。所有小鼠从术前1d至术后处死前均接受0.5%二甲基亚砜或地高辛溶液腹腔注射治疗,并且在术后28d获取心脏组织,通过组织学检查、苏木精-伊红(HE)染色切片分析技术评定心肌组织形态学变化、RGS2的mRNA及蛋白表达水平来评价地高辛的作用。结果与AngⅡ模型组相比,AngⅡ+Digoxin组全心重量、左心室壁厚度、心肌细胞直径均明显减少(P<0.05或P<0.01),RGS2mRNA变化不明显,而蛋白表达增高(P<0.01),心肌肥厚明显减轻。同时检测小鼠在术前3d,手术当天,术后3、7、14、28d的血压,发现AngⅡ+Digoxin组与AngⅡ模型组比较,术后7d和14d血压下降(均P<0.05),术后28d则差异无统计学意义。结论地高辛可能通过上调ApoE-/-小鼠高血压心肌肥厚模型RGS2的表达,有效减轻心肌肥厚,这说明地高辛可能在抑制心肌细胞肥大中起重要作用。
