Electrochemical chloride extraction is a promising technique for the rehabilitation of concrete structures under chloride induced corrosion. This study consists of an extensive literature review of this treatment incl...Electrochemical chloride extraction is a promising technique for the rehabilitation of concrete structures under chloride induced corrosion. This study consists of an extensive literature review of this treatment including application cases. It is found that the rate of chlorides removed is affected by the total charge passed, whereas increasing charge in a range between 1500 to 2000 Ah/m<sup>2</sup> increases the amount of chlorides removed and this can be more effective by increasing current density instead of duration of treatment. Bound chlorides are extracted during treatment and, water works better than Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> as an electrolyte, possibly due to modifications on the concrete pore structure. Moreover, ECE is not efficient in repassivate structures but is efficient in its purpose of removing chlorides if treatment setup is well planned, which justifies the need for better international standards on the topic.展开更多
Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious and common chronic complications of diabetes and one of the leading causes of death in diabetic patients.In the case of diabetic kidney disease,sustained proteinuria ...Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious and common chronic complications of diabetes and one of the leading causes of death in diabetic patients.In the case of diabetic kidney disease,sustained proteinuria is irreversible until it develops into end-stage renal disease.Drug treatment of diabetic kidney disease is relatively limited.More and more evidences into the effectiveness and safety that related non-drug treatments not only have the characteristics of simple operation and high safety,but also can improve the clinical symptoms of patients with diabetic kidney disease,reduce laboratory indicators,and delay disease progression.This article summarizes the recent literature on non-drug treatment of diabetic kidney disease such as exercise therapy,acupuncture therapy,acupoint application,auricular acupoint pressing pill therapy,moxibustion therapy,in order to provide reference for clinical treatment.展开更多
文摘Electrochemical chloride extraction is a promising technique for the rehabilitation of concrete structures under chloride induced corrosion. This study consists of an extensive literature review of this treatment including application cases. It is found that the rate of chlorides removed is affected by the total charge passed, whereas increasing charge in a range between 1500 to 2000 Ah/m<sup>2</sup> increases the amount of chlorides removed and this can be more effective by increasing current density instead of duration of treatment. Bound chlorides are extracted during treatment and, water works better than Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> as an electrolyte, possibly due to modifications on the concrete pore structure. Moreover, ECE is not efficient in repassivate structures but is efficient in its purpose of removing chlorides if treatment setup is well planned, which justifies the need for better international standards on the topic.
文摘Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious and common chronic complications of diabetes and one of the leading causes of death in diabetic patients.In the case of diabetic kidney disease,sustained proteinuria is irreversible until it develops into end-stage renal disease.Drug treatment of diabetic kidney disease is relatively limited.More and more evidences into the effectiveness and safety that related non-drug treatments not only have the characteristics of simple operation and high safety,but also can improve the clinical symptoms of patients with diabetic kidney disease,reduce laboratory indicators,and delay disease progression.This article summarizes the recent literature on non-drug treatment of diabetic kidney disease such as exercise therapy,acupuncture therapy,acupoint application,auricular acupoint pressing pill therapy,moxibustion therapy,in order to provide reference for clinical treatment.
