Fabrication and densification enhancement of SiC-particulate-reinforced copper matrix composites prepared via the sinter-forging process

The fabrication of copper （Cu） and copper matrix silicon carbide （Cu/SiCp） particulate composites via the sinter-forging process was investigated. Sintering and sinter-forging processes were performed under an inert Ar atmosphere. The influence of sinter-forging time, temperature, and compressive stress on the relative density and hardness of the prepared samples was systematically investigated and subsequently compared with that of the samples prepared by the conventional sintering process. The relative density and hardness of the composites were enhanced when they were prepared by the sinter-forging process. The relative density values of all Cu/SiCp composite samples were observed to decrease with the increase in SiC content.

Tailoring microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with novel Al/CuFe multi-layered core-shell particles

Aluminum matrix composites(AMCs), reinforced with novel pre-synthesized Al/Cu Fe multi-layered coreshell particles, were fabricated by different consolidation techniques to investigate their effect on microstructure and mechanical properties. To synthesize multi-layered Al/Cu Fe core-shell particles, Cu and Fe layers were deposited on Al powder particles by galvanic replacement and electroless plating method, respectively. The core-shell powder and sintered compacts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX), pycnometer, microhardness and compression tests. The results revealed that a higher extent of interfacial reactions, due to the transformation of the deposited layer into intermetallic phases in spark plasma sintered composite, resulted in high relative density(99.26%), microhardness(165 HV0.3) and strength(572 MPa). Further, the presence of un-transformed Cu in the shell structure of hot-pressed composite resulted in the highest fracture strain(20.4%). The obtained results provide stronger implications for tailoring the microstructure of AMCs through selecting appropriate sintering paths to control mechanical properties.

Experimental Investigation of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polymers

The potential usage of virgin Low density polyethelyne (LDPE) reinforced with different concentrations (2%, 5% and 6% by weight) of treated rice straw with different lengths (2 mm, 4 mm and 6 mm) is investigated to produce high value products that have technical and environmental demand. The two treatment methods used for rice straw are alkali and acidic treatments of rice straw. The removal of impurities and waxy substances from fiber surface avoid creation of rougher topography after treatment and improves the quality of fiber, also content of hemi cellulose and lignin decrease so increase effectiveness of fiber due to dispersing of fiber in matrix. The reinforcing material is embedded in the matrix material to enhance tensile and flexural behaviors of the synthesized composite. The result of investigating these two mechanical properties, using statistical analysis & design of experiments, showed an enhancement in the mechaniccal properties of the virgin polymer composite compared to the virgin polymer. The flexural stress of the composite increased three times the virgin flexural stress, while the tensile stress increased eight times the original tensile stress.

Effects of sintering temperature on the microstructural evolution and wear behavior of WCp reinforced Ni-based coatings

This article focuses on the microstructural evolution and wear behavior of 50wt%WC reinforced Ni-based composites prepared onto 304 stainless steel substrates by vacuum sintering at different sintering temperatures. The microstructure and chemical composition of the coatings were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, differential thermal analysis （DTA）, scanning and transmission electron microscopy （SEM and TEM） equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）. The wear resistance of the coatings was tested by thrust washer testing. The mechanisms of the decomposition, dissolution, and precipitation of primary carbides, and their influences on the wear resistance have been discussed. The results indicate that the coating sintered at 1175℃ is composed of fine WC particles, coarse M6C （M=Ni, Fe, Co, etc.） carbides, and discrete borides dispersed in solid solution. Upon increasing the sintering temperature to 1225℃, the microstructure reveals few incompletely dissolved WC particles trapped in larger M6C, Cr-rich lamellar M23C6, and M3C2 in the austenite matrix. M23C6 and M3C2 precipitates are formed in both the γ/M6C grain boundary and the matrix. These large-sized and lamellar brittle phases tend to weaken the wear resistance of the composite coatings. The wear behavior is controlled simultaneously by both abrasive wear and adhesive wear. Among them, abrasive wear plays a major role in the wear process of the coating sintered at 1175℃, while the effect of adhesive wear is predominant in the coating sintered at 1225℃.

Vinylon Reinforced Aluminium Laminate

A new kind of superhybrid composite material,vinylon reinforced aluminium laminate (VIRALL),has been developed by laminating the vinylon/epoxy prepreg layers and the aluminium alloy sheets alternatively.The mechanical properties of VIRALL laminate have been tested and the results are dis- cussed in terms of laws of mixtures.About a 24% increase in tensile strength and a 36%decrease in tensile modulus to that of the corresponding aluminium were found,which kept good agreement with the laws of mixtures.Compared with the corresponding aluminium,VIRALL has lighter density and lower price.VIRALL is hoped to be a partial substitute for the civil aluminium alloy in the future.

Fabrication of solid-phase-sintered Si C-based composites with short carbon fibers

Solid-phase-sintered Si C-based composites with short carbon fibers（Csf/SSi C） in concentrations ranging from 0 to 10wt% were prepared by pressureless sintering at 2100°C. The phase composition, microstructure, density, and flexural strength of the composites with different Csf contents were investigated. SEM micrographs showed that the Csf distributed in the SSi C matrix homogeneously with some gaps at the fiber/matrix interfaces. The densities of the composites decreased with increasing Csf content. However, the bending strength first increased and then decreased with increasing Csf content, reaching a maximum value of 390 MPa at a Csf content of 5wt%, which was 60 MPa higher than that of SSi C because of the pull-out strengthening mechanism. Notably, Csf was graphitized and damaged during the sintering process because of the high temperature and reaction with boron derived from the sintering additive B4C; this graphitization degraded the fiber strengthening effect.

Effect of sintering on the relative density of Cr-coated diamond/Cu composites prepared by spark plasma sintering

Cr-coated diamond/Cu composites were prepared by spark plasma sintering. The effects of sintering pressure, sintering temperature, sintering duration, and Cu powder particle size on the relative density and thermal conductivity of the composites were investigated in this paper. The influence of these parameters on the properties and microstructures of the composites was also discussed. The results show that the relative density of Cr-coated diamond/Cu reaches ~100% when the composite is gradually compressed to 30 MPa during the heating process. The densification temperature increases from 880 to 915℃ when the diamond content is increased from 45vol% to 60vol%. The densification temperature does not increase further when the content reaches 65vol%. Cu powder particles in larger size are beneficial for increasing the relative density of the composite.

Analysis of Density of Sintered Iron Powder Component Using the Response Surface Method

The continued growth of ferrous powder metallurgy in automobile and others engineering application is largely de-pendent on the development of higher density materials and improved mechanical properties. Since density is a predominant factor in the performance of powder metallurgy components, it has been primarily considered for the present investigation. An experimental investigation have been undertaken in order to understand the variation of density with respect to the variation of process parameters viz., compaction load, sinter temperature and sintering time. The relation among the various process parameters with density has been observed. A mathematical model has been developed using second order response surface model (RSM) with central composite design (CCD) considering the above mentioned process parameters. The developed mathematical model would help in predicting the variation in density with the change in the level of different parameters influencing the density variation. This model also can be useful for setting of optimum value of the parameters for achieving the target density.

Properties and microstructure of Cu/diamond composites prepared by spark plasma sintering method

Cu/diamond composites have been considered as the next generation of thermal management material for electronic packages and heat sinks applications. Cu/diamond composites with different volume fractions of diamond were successfully prepared by spark plasma sintering（SPS） method. The sintering temperatures and volume fractions（50%, 60% and 70%） of diamond were changed to investigate their effects on the relative density, homogeneity of the microstructure and thermal conductivity of the composites. The results show that the relative density, homogeneity of the microstructure and thermal conductivity of the composites increase with decreasing the diamond volume fraction; the relative density and thermal conductivity of the composites increase with increasing the sintering temperature. The thermal conductivity of the composites is a result of the combined effect of the volume fraction of diamond, the homogeneity and relative density of the composites.

Thermal conductivity behavior of SPS consolidated AlN/Al composites for thermal management applications

A1N/A1 composites are a potentially new kind of thermal management material for electronic packaging and heat sink applications. The spark plasma sintering （SPS） technique was used for the first time to prepare the A1N/A1 composites, and attention was focused on the effects of sintefing parameters on the relative density, microstructure and, in particular, thermal conductivity behavior of the composites. The results showed that the relative density and thermal conductivity of the composites increased with increasing sintering temperature and pressure. The composites sintered at 1550℃ for 5 min under 70 MPa showed the maximum relative density and thermal conductivity, corresponding to 99% and 97.5 W.m-1.K-1, respectively. However, the thermal conductivity of present A1N/A1 composites is still far below the theoretical value. Possible reasons for this deviation were discussed.

放电等离子烧结制备钼镍合金

采用放电等离子烧结方法制备钼镍合金,研究了烧结温度、压强、保温时间、升温速率对钼镍合金相对密度的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、电子背向散射衍射仪等检测手段对钼镍合金的相对密度、显微形貌、物相等进行表征,分析放电等离子烧结钼镍合金的致密化过程。结果表明:烧结温度和压强是影响钼镍合金相对密度的主要因素,Mo和Ni元素的局部高速扩散是促进钼镍合金致密化的主要原因。烧结态钼镍合金的物相主要由Mo和MoNi中间相组成,Mo颗粒均匀分布在MoNi中间相形成的网状组织中。烧结态钼镍合金最大相对密度99.10%,平均晶粒尺寸小于10μm,平均硬度HRA 72。添加剂Ni含量在烧结前后变化不大。

喷涂-烧结法制备SiC涂层及抗冲蚀性能的研究

为了提高低密度C/C复合材料的抗冲蚀性能,使用喷涂-烧结法在其表面制备了均匀完整的SiC涂层,研究了反应原材料中蔗糖、葡萄糖、活性炭、磷粉四种碳源对SiC涂层的物相组成、微观形貌以及抗冲蚀性能的影响。结果表明:碳源种类对涂层中的物相组成产生影响,蔗糖和葡萄糖作为碳源时涂层均以单一的SiC物相存在,在10次冲蚀性能测试后涂层仍完整覆盖基体表面,冲蚀损失率分别为1.288%和1.144%,可能是由于残碳现象的改善以及大体积SiC颗粒的生成使冲蚀粒子发生了回弹作用,导致抗冲蚀性能提升。

原位生成超细VC颗粒增强铁基复合材料

用SEM、XRD检测VC颗粒增强复合材料的相和组织结构,证实了在较低温度下石墨有促进σ-FeV相分解的作用并分析了其原因。讨论了烧结温度对VC颗粒大小和分布的影响,在850℃固相烧结时,钒的碳化反应能够完成,而且VC颗粒不易长大,原位生成小于0.5μm的超细晶粒。

反应烧结制备碳化硅增强石墨复合材料及其性能

以鳞片石墨和硅粉为混合原料,采用真空热压烧结工艺制备碳化硅增强石墨基复合材料。考察原料中硅粉含量对复合材料性能和结构的影响。XRD与SEM分析表明,经1900℃热压烧结后,硅粉与石墨发生原位反应生成碳化硅强化相,形成的碳化硅均匀分散在石墨片层间。随着硅质量分数从28.06%提高到37.94%,复合材料的弯曲强度从112 MPa提高至206 M Pa。此外,当硅含量低于31.46%时,复合材料的摩擦系数恒定为0.1,与纯石墨的摩擦系数相当。

常压烧结制备Al_2O_3/TiCN复合陶瓷材料

采用常压烧结的方法制备Al_2O_3/TiCN复合陶瓷,研究了试样成分、烧结温度对试样相对密度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性、Vickers硬度等力学性能的影响。结果表明:采用Al_2O_3+TiCN作为埋粉、氩气保护、在烧结温度低于1650℃,保温时间为1h时,烧结试样的相对密度最高为98.0％,其抗弯强度、断裂韧性、及硬度分别达到最大值,为851 MPa,5.94 MPa·m^(1/2),21.12 MPa。显微结构分析表明:TiCN颗粒弥散在Al_2O_3晶界处,晶粒细小,多在1 μm左右,分布均匀,TiCN与Al_2O_3颗粒相互交织在一起,抑制晶粒生长,从而起到了增韧补强作用,有利于材料力学性能的提高。从压痕裂纹尖端的扩展的扫描电镜照片可以看出:基体与增强相多个晶粒构成的裂纹桥联行为;而有的则在其初始或(和)末端与其他次主裂纹相互作用,形成裂纹偏转、分支与桥联的共存区,主要起作用的是TiCN颗粒弥散增韧机制,它将纯Al_2O_3陶瓷的断裂韧度从3.59 MPa·m^(1/2)提高到5.94 MPa·m^(1/2)。

不同颗粒增强铁基复合材料磨损性能的对比

采用动态电流直加热制备,提出了分段加热工艺,研究了陶瓷颗粒增强铁基复合材料的磨损性能和磨损机理.结果表明:四种不同颗粒增强铁基复合材料的磨损量均在#45钢磨损量的15%以下;Ti(C,N)对改善材料磨损性能作用最强,表明与基体界面可经受一定变形量的强化粒子最有利于提高耐磨性;复合材料的耐磨性均在强化粒子体积分数为10%时达到最好.铁基复合材料表现出高摩擦系数时耐磨性反而更好的特性,在耐磨材料应用方面显示出巨大优势.

放电等离子烧结法制备金刚石/Cu复合材料

通过真空镀铬对金刚石颗粒进行表面改性,采用放电等离子烧结法(SPS)制备改性金刚石/Cu复合材料;研究金刚石的体积分数、工艺参数以及金刚石颗粒表面改性对复合材料导热性能的影响。结果表明,烧结温度、混料时间以及金刚石颗粒的体积分数都会影响材料的致密度,金刚石颗粒的体积分数还会影响材料的界面热阻,而致密度和界面热阻是影响该复合材料导热性能的2个重要因素;对金刚石颗粒进行真空镀铬表面改性,可改善颗粒与铜基体的润湿性,降低界面热阻。在一定的工艺条件下,镀铬金刚石体积分数为60%时,改性金刚石/Cu复合材料具有很高的致密度,其热导率达到503.9W/(m.K),与未改性的金刚石/Cu复合材料相比,热导率提高近2倍,适合做为高导热电子封装材料。

烧结温度对ZrC-Y_2O_3复合增强细晶钨组织与性能的影响

采用湿化学法制备W-3%ZrC-0.3%Y_2O_3（质量分数）材料,研究该材料在1800~1920℃的烧结致密化行为,通过与W-3ZrC材料及纯钨材料烧结态力学性能和显微组织的对比研究,分析复合添加ZrC和Y_2O_3对钨材料强韧化的作用和意义。结果表明：W-ZrC-Y_2O_3材料的致密度和抗拉强度均呈现出随烧结温度升高先增加后降低的趋势,其相对密度和抗拉强度均在1860℃达到最大值,分别为97.8%、446 MPa;添加第二相粒子能有效细化钨材料的晶粒,Y_2O_3/ZrC复合添加较单一ZrC能更有效细化钨晶粒,晶粒由W-3ZrC的10μm降低至5~8μm。复合强化相粒子改变了断裂过程中裂纹扩展的形状和长度,起到强化和韧化作用。

松木粉/聚醚砜树脂复合材料的制备及选择性激光烧结试验

以松木粉、聚醚砜树脂为材料,用SHR-10A型高速混合机制备松木粉/聚醚砜树脂复合粉末;用HRPS-ⅢA型激光粉末烧结快速成型机,遴选出复合粉末可用于选择性激光烧结工艺参数及适宜的预热温度,烧结成型。测量了不同松木粉质量比对复合粉末力学性能的影响,观察并测量了输入不同的能量密度时,烧结试件的成型效果和力学性能。结果表明:随着松木粉质量比的增加,木塑复合材料的力学性能降低。对于松木粉质量比为20%的木塑复合粉末,当输入的能量密度为0.128 J/mm3时,复合粉末即可成型;当输入的能量密度为0.312J/mm3时,木塑复合材料的拉伸强度达到4.846 5 MPa,弯曲强度为8.215 2 MPa,冲击强度为1.257 4 MPa,此时力学性能最强;若输入的能量密度大于0.312 J/mm3时,出现过烧现象,力学性能下降。采用扫描电镜对烧结件断面的形貌进行了表征。

磁力搅拌法的研究与开发

介绍了一种用于搅拌金属复合熔体的磁力搅拌法 ,洛仑兹力是由高速旋转的永磁体磁场产生的 .分析了NbFeB永磁体在空间的磁感应强度分布情况 .研究表明 :磁感应强度的大小在空间分布类似于鞍形 ,在高度方向上衰减很快 ;磁场转速对磁力搅拌效果影响明显 ,涡旋磁场与金属熔体间的偏置度为 2 5mm时 ,增强颗粒较易加入 ;用磁力搅拌法搅拌复合熔体具有力源与熔体无直接接触 ,对熔体无污染 ,磁场具有可设计性 。