Study of Short Column Behavior Originated from the Level Difference on Sloping Lots during Earthquake (Special Case: Reinforced Concrete Buildings)

The disorders originated from architectural design in buildings, show in different forms. One of them is the level difference originated from lot’s slope which affects structures through short column phenomenon. The great stiffness of short columns enables them to absorb large amounts of structural energy. Inattention of some manuals and regulations such as Earthquake regulations to this phenomenon necessitates paying further attention to it. On this basis, the present study employed experimental modeling and numerical modeling for a four-story reinforced concrete building that involves the analysis of simple 2-D frames of varying floor heights and varying number of bays using a very popular software tool STAAD Pro on both a sloping and a flat lot. Also Sap2000 software had been used to show that the displacement of floors is greater for a flat lot building than a sloping lot building. However, the increase in shear was found to be quite greater in short columns compared to common ones and an enormous moment should be tolerated by sloping lot structures. The greater stiffness of the structure was also revealed by non-linear static (Push-Over) analysis. According to the results, short column are required to have more resistant sections and are suggested to be reinforced with more bars. In addition, more steel should be used as stirrups than as longitudinal bars. Also for existing structures, shear capacity of short columns should be retrofitted by FRP, Steel Jacket or other materials.

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Mechanical Performance of Reinforced Concrete Short-Limb Shear Wall

On the basis of test, nonlinear finite element analysis of reinforcedconcrete (R. C) short-limb shear walls under monotonic horizontal load are carried out by ANSYSprogram in order to understand the evolution of cracking, deformation and failure course of thespecimens. At the same time, the results of numerical calculation are compared with the results oftest. The results indicate that, under monotonic horizontal load the failures of the specimens withflange wall and without flange wall all occur at the intersections of lintel bottom and limb ofwall, the failures also occur at the bottom of limb; the load-displacement curve of wall withoutflange is steeper than that of wall with flange, and the ductility is worse than that of wall withflange; the results, such as cracking, deformation, yield load and so on of finite element analysisagree well with the results of test. These results provide theoretical basis of study andapplication of R. C short-limb shear wall.

Model Experiment on Integral Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frame with Split Columns

Based on a series of previous studies, an experiment on the integral seismic behavior of a 1/3 scaled model of two-bay and three-story reinforced concrete frame with split columns at lower two stories is performed under cyclic loading. The original columns at lower two stories of the model frame are short columns and they are replaced by the split columns. The hysteresis curves between the horizontal cyclic load and the lateral displacement at the top of the model frame, indicate that under the cyclic loading, the model frame undergoes the process of cracking, yielding, and maximum loading before being destroyed at the ultimate load. They also indicate that the model frame has better ductility, and the ratio of the ultimate displacement to the yielding displacement, reaches 6.0. The yielding process of the model frame shows that for the frame with split columns, plastic hinges are generated at the ends of beams and then the columns begin yielding while the frame still possesses the bearing and deformation capacity. The design idea of directly changing the short column to long one in the reinforced concrete frame may be realized by replacing the short column with the split one.

Seismic Performance of High-Strength Short Concrete Column with High-Strength Stirrups Constraints

The seismic performance of four short concrete columns was investigated under low cycle and repeated loads, including the failure characteristics, hysteretic behavior, rigidity degeneracy and steel-bar stress. The influences of reinforcement strength, stirrup ratio and shear span ratio were also compared. Test results reveal that the restriction effect of stirrups can improve the peak stress, so the bearing capacity of specimen can be improved; for the high-strength short concrete column with high-strength stirrups, it was more reasonable to use ultimate displacement angle to reflect the ductility of the specimen, and the yield strength of high-strength stirrups should be devalued when calculating the stirrup characteristic value; the seismic performance of short column would be improved with the increase of volume–stirrup ratio and shear span ratio; the high-strength stirrups and high-strength longitudinal reinforcements did not yield when the load acting on the specimen reached the peak value, which brought adequate safety stock to these short columns. © 2017, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

纤维织物增强高延性混凝土加固RC短柱抗剪性能试验研究

为研究纤维织物增强高延性混凝土(TR-HDC)加固钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪性能,设计了6根钢筋混凝土柱,包括2个对比柱和4个TR-HDC加固柱.通过低周反复荷载试验,对比分析剪跨比、纤维织物层数对试件破坏形态、变形、承载力和耗能能力的影响.结果表明:采用TR-HDC加固钢筋混凝土短柱,可显著提高其抗剪承载力;TR-HDC与原混凝土柱协同工作性能良好,加固后的混凝土柱的变形、承载力和耗能能力明显提高;增加纤维织物的层数对钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪承载力提高幅度较小,但可大幅增强柱的耗能和变形能力;剪跨比较大时,更有利于发挥TR-HDC加固材料的力学性能.基于桁架-拱模型,提出TR-HDC加固钢筋混凝土短柱的抗剪承载力计算方法,计算结果较准确.

FRP筋混凝土短梁抗剪性能试验研究及承载力计算

为分析梁高、剪跨比、腹筋率等参数对纤维增强聚合物(FRP)筋混凝土短梁抗剪承载力的定量影响,并验证前期基于拉杆拱模型提出的抗剪承载力计算方法的科学合理性,对11根玄武岩FRP筋混凝土短梁开展了剪切破坏试验,试验梁最大梁高为1.2 m.试验结果表明,梁高、剪跨比、水平腹筋率、竖向腹筋率均对FRP筋混凝土短梁的抗剪承载力有显著影响.当梁高由300 mm增大到1200 mm,试验梁的无量纲极限抗剪强度下降46.7%.当水平腹筋率由0增大至1.0%,试验梁的无量纲极限抗剪强度提高40.5%.基于拉杆拱模型提出的抗剪承载力计算式可以合理反映梁高、剪跨比、水平腹筋率等因素的影响规律,计算结果与本试验结果及搜集试验数据均吻合良好.

高强型钢超高性能混凝土短柱轴压性能试验及其有限元分析

为研究高强型钢超高性能混凝土短柱的轴压性能,对试件进行了轴心受压试验,设计参数包括配钢率、箍筋间距和箍筋形式。观察了试件的轴压破坏过程,获得了破坏形态及轴向荷载-位移曲线,分析了承载能力、变形能力、刚度等轴压性能指标,以及超高性能混凝土、纵筋、箍筋和型钢的应变发展规律。在试验研究基础上,采用ABAQUS建立了高强型钢超高性能混凝土短柱轴压性能有限元分析模型,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,进而进行了参数分析。结果表明:试件发生的是典型轴压破坏,中部表面出现“锯齿形”裂缝;轴向荷载-位移曲线会出现2次荷载峰值;箍筋间距减小时,试件的承载能力和变形能力均提高,但刚度退化速率没有显著变化;配钢率增大时,试件的承载能力提高,变形能力先增大后减小,刚度退化变缓;型钢强度增大时,试件的承载能力和变形能力均提高,提高速度先快后慢;超高性能混凝土抗压强度增大时,试件的承载能力提高,变形能力降低;超高性能混凝土受拉能够达到峰值应变;纵筋在极限点之前发生受压屈服;箍筋在极限点时应变不足屈服应变的1/3,但在破坏点前达到受拉屈服;型钢翼缘在极限点前后发生屈服,腹板屈服晚于翼缘。

Axial compression tests and numerical simulation of steel reinforced recycled concrete short columns confined by carbon fiber reinforced plastics strips

To research the axial compression behavior of steel reinforced recycled concrete(SRRC)short columns confined by carbon fiber reinforced plastics(CFRP)strips,nine scaled specimens of SRRC short columns were fabricated and tested under axial compression loading.Subsequently,the failure process and failure modes were observed,and load-displacement curves as well as the strain of various materials were analyzed.The effects on the substitution percentage of recycled coarse aggregate(RCA),width of CFRP strips,spacing of CFRP strips and strength of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)on the axial compression properties of columns were also analyzed in the experimental investigation.Furthermore,the finite element model of columns which can consider the adverse influence of RCA and the constraint effect of CFRP strips was founded by ABAQUS software and the nonlinear parameter analysis of columns was also implemented in this study.The results show that the first to reach the yield state was the profile steel in the columns,then the longitudinal rebars and stirrups yielded successively,and finally RAC was crushed as well as the CFRP strips was also broken.The replacement rate of RCA has little effect on the columns,and with the substitution rate of RCA from 0 to 100%,the bearing capacity of columns decreased by only 4.8%.Increasing the CFRP strips width or decreasing the CFRP strips spacing could enhance the axial bearing capacity of columns,the maximum increase was 10.5%or 11.4%,and the ductility of columns was significantly enhanced.Obviously,CFRP strips are conducive to enhance the axial bearing capacity and deformation capacity of columns.On this basis,considering the restraint effect of CFRP strips and the adverse effects of RCA,the revised formulas for calculating the axial bearing capacity of SRRC short columns confined by CFRP strips were proposed.

截面尺寸和箍筋对RC短柱抗震性能的影响

为了研究钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)短柱的抗震性能,通过低周反复破坏试验对其抗震性能的尺寸效应进行了分析。试验主要考虑了截面尺寸和箍筋形式的影响,RC短柱的截面分别设计为200 mm×200 mm、400 mm×400 m和600 mm×600 mm,箍筋主要分为普通方形箍筋和井字箍筋。结果表明:配有普通方箍筋的RC短柱均表现出斜拉破坏特征,脆性破坏特征明显,而配有井字箍筋较大尺寸的RC短柱(边长为400 mm和600 mm)为剪压破坏;随着RC短柱截面边长的增加,其名义抗剪强度、延性和平均耗能系数均逐渐减小,并且配有井字箍筋的RC短柱相对于配有普通方形箍筋的短柱,其减小的速率逐渐变小。通过考虑截面尺寸和箍筋的影响作用,提出了修正的RC短柱的抗剪承载计算模型,并建立了考虑尺寸效应的RC短柱恢复力模型,计算结果与试验结果较吻合。

矩形钢管混凝土短柱的轴心受压性能分析

采用考虑钢—混界面的接触的非线性有限元方法分析了内加劲肋矩形钢管混凝土短柱轴心受压性能。分析结果表明,矩形钢管混凝土短柱的轴压破坏过程表现出明显的弹塑性特征,短柱破坏时,钢管中部的纵向应力水平普遍较高,横向应力仅在壁板的角点处偏高;钢管内壁设置的开孔钢板加劲肋能够有效约束钢管壁板的鼓曲变形,改善钢管壁板的屈曲形态,提高钢管壁板的屈曲荷载;开孔钢板加劲肋还能起到提高钢管壁板对管内混凝土约束作用的效果。

Study on the interfacial shear behavior of steel reinforced concrete （SRC） members with stud connectors after fire

Statically push-out tests of 20 steel reinforced concrete short columns （SRCSC） with stud connectors on the surface of shape steel after fire and two SRCSC under ambient temperature were carried out, in order to study the failure mode, load-slip relationship and the interfacial shear transfer of SRC members after fire. Experimental results show that the typical failure modes and load-slip curves of SRCSC after fire are almost the same as the case under ambient temperature. The interfacial shear transfer of SRCSC declines exponentially not only with the increase of the peak temperature the specimen experienced but also with the increase of the peak temperature duration. The interfacial shear transfer of the specimens with studs arranged at the steel web is much higher than those with studs arranged at the steel flange. Empirical formulas of SRCSC interfacial shear transfer after fire are proposed, and the calculated results generally agree well with the experimental results.

外贴FRP加固RC短梁抗弯承载力公式

采用外贴FRP布加固钢筋混凝土短梁时,现有抗弯承载力计算公式大多基于无下降段的混凝土受压本构模型,导致公式计算结果存在误差。为此,提出将带下降段的Hognestad混凝土受压应力-应变曲线引入计算过程,以考虑受压区混凝土的实际受力状态。根据加固短梁的破坏模式推导了4种破坏形式的抗弯承载力计算公式,包含FRP布未被拉断的适筋破坏、FRP布被拉断的少筋破坏、超筋破坏和剥离破坏,最后通过一批试验短梁数据验证了公式的准确性。结果表明:采用完整混凝土受压本构模型能提供更准确的加固短梁承载力评估值,所推导公式的计算结果与试验结果的平均值为1.03,标准差为0.04,变异系数为4.22%,离散性较小,说明公式具有较好的可靠性。

考虑二次受力的CFRP布加固RC梁短期挠度研究

为研究二次受力对CFRP抗弯加固混凝土梁桥短期挠度的影响,完成了5根RC简支梁在不同持载水平下的CFRP布抗弯加固试验,基于试验结果修正了现有CFRP布加固梁短期截面刚度计算公式,继而推导了考虑二次受力的加固梁短期挠度计算方法。结果表明CFRP布加固对梁屈服后的截面刚度提升较大,可达未加固梁的1.65倍;当初始荷载由未加固梁极限荷载的10%增至90%时,加固后梁的截面刚度提升幅度由6.46%降至0.80%,二次受力对正常使用阶段RC梁加固后的刚度提升有不利影响;二次受力加固梁的极限挠度相比直接加固梁分别增加了8.95%、28.31%和59.54%,表明当破坏由CFRP应变控制时,二次受力对加固梁的延性发挥有利。

CFRP布加固损伤RC短梁受弯性能试验研究

通过对3根钢筋混凝土短梁进行抗弯性能试验,研究了普通RC短梁、CFRP布加固未损伤及损伤RC短梁的破坏形态、混凝土应变、抗弯承载力、挠度变形、曲率和抗弯刚度的变化规律。试验研究结果表明:(1)CFRP布加固未损伤及损伤RC短梁的极限破坏特征一致,都是CFRP布部分拉断破坏;(2)CFRP布加固未损伤及损伤RC短梁的跨中截面混凝土应变均近似符合平截面假定;(3)CFRP布加固未损伤及损伤RC短梁的荷载-挠度曲线分别为三阶段和两阶段特征,加固损伤RC短梁没有开裂阶段曲线;(4)采用CFRP布加固损伤RC短梁比加固未损伤RC短梁更能提高原试件的极限承载力;(5)CFRP布加固损伤RC短梁比加固未损伤RC短梁的延性更好。

复合砂浆钢筋网加固短梁抗剪承载力计算方法

复合砂浆钢筋网加固法性能良好、施工简单且成本较低,但当前缺少该法加固钢筋混凝土短梁的抗剪承载力计算方法。为此,在修正拉-压杆理论基础上考虑受拉纵筋和抗剪分布钢筋对加固短梁的影响,提出采用短梁的受压区高度作为上部节点高度,根据Kupfer-Gerstle破坏准则建立了水泥砂浆钢筋网加固短梁的计算模型,进而推导了加固短梁抗剪计算公式。通过已有文献16根加固短梁的试验结果验证,表明所推导的抗剪承载力公式计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,说明该公式可以较可靠地预测复合砂浆钢筋网加固简支短梁的实际抗剪承载力,可为相关的工程计算提供参考。

高强钢筋水工混凝土梁短期挠度试验研究

针对现行《水工混凝土结构设计规范》(DL/T 5057—2009)短期刚度公式背景资料钢筋强度较低的问题,进行了10根配置HRB400钢筋的混凝土简支梁受弯试验,试验量测了梁在每级荷载下的跨中挠度,分析了跨中挠度随荷载的变化规律,对试验梁在(0.5~0.7)Mu荷载下跨中挠度实测值与水工规范计算值进行了对比。结果表明:跨中挠度随荷载的变化与普通钢筋混凝土梁基本一致,荷载-挠度曲线分为裂缝出现前、裂缝出现后和钢筋屈服后3个阶段;跨中挠度实测值比水工规范计算值偏大;对本文试验使用荷载下24个挠度实测值和收集整理的其他研究者简支梁受弯试验95个挠度实测值的统计分析表明,高强钢筋混凝土梁短期刚度与αEρ为线性关系,根据本文试验数据采用线性模型对水工钢筋混凝土规范的短期刚度公式有关系数进行了修正,其结果与实测挠度符合良好。

冻融环境下碳纤维聚合物加固混凝土施工技术研究

为进一步提高混凝土短柱在冻融环境下的力学性能,使用碳纤维增强聚合物和收缩补偿混凝土加固混凝土受压构件,以研究加固混凝土短柱施工技术。由碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)和补偿收缩自密实混凝土(ESCC)组成的加固体系对CFRP外壳施加后张应力,进一步消除应力滞后,并发挥约束作用。实验变量包括冻融循环次数、加固聚合物壳层和加固混凝土类型。试验结果表明,当冻融循环次数达到125次时,混凝土受压构件的动态弹性模量损失率达到24.8%,质量损失率为5.3%。采用收缩补偿自密实混凝土对CFRP施加后张拉应力的方法,可以显著提高混凝土受压构件的承载力,比普通混凝土的承载力分别提高了13.23%和4.22%。且当冻融循环次数增加到75次时,混凝土试件的承载力比对照组降低了5.13%。随着冻融循环次数的不断增加,混凝土试件的损坏程度也逐渐增加,与对照组相比,承载力下降了28.2%。

混掺高延性纤维混凝土组合十字形短柱抗震性能研究

为改善钢筋混凝土十字形短柱的抗震性能,将高延性纤维混凝土用于十字形短柱底部。通过对混掺高延性纤维混凝土组合十字形短柱(R/ECC)和普通钢筋混凝土十字形对比柱(RC)进行拟静力试验,分析其裂缝开展模式、破坏形态、滞回性能、延性、耗能能力和刚度退化等,研究混掺高延性纤维混凝土对十字形短柱抗震性能的提升作用。结果表明,在十字形短柱底部采用混掺高延性纤维混凝土,可有效控制裂缝的开展,减小裂缝宽度,改善柱底混凝土的压溃剥落状态;短柱的延性和耗能能力明显提高,刚度退化缓慢,承载力有一定提高。相比RC柱,R/ECC柱位移延性系数、峰值点和极限点时累积滞回耗能分别提高7.3%、225.5%和44.6%,受剪承载力提高9.5%。

BFRP布加固损伤钢筋混凝土短梁的抗弯性能研究

通过对3根试件进行抗弯性能试验,研究了普通RC短梁、BFRP布加固未损伤及损伤钢筋混凝土短梁的破坏形态、材料应变、受弯承载力等变化规律。结果表明:BFRP布加固未损伤及损伤RC短梁的极限破坏模式一致,均为BFRP布先被拉断,受压区混凝土未被压碎;与普通RC短梁一致,加固后的试件跨中截面混凝土应变均近似符合平截面假定;BFRP布加固损伤RC短梁的荷载-挠度曲线不存在开裂阶段,且加固后,损伤RC短梁的极限承载力比未损伤RC短梁和普通RC短梁的极限承载力稍高;BFRP布加固未损伤RC短梁可提高试件刚度,降低试件延性;BFRP布加固损伤RC短梁也可提高试件刚度,但不会降低试件延性。

型钢混凝土首节柱采用外胎架辅助安装技术研究

介绍大型科技展示类场馆项目中关于型钢混凝土结构施工的关键技术,针对不同重量、标高的型钢短柱,采用外胎架辅助安装工艺。不同于传统型钢混凝土结构施工工艺,以创新思维,利用外胎架稳定性代替柱脚锚栓,在保证结构质量及施工安全的基础上,大幅缩短混凝土二次浇筑的周期,同时具备循环使用、制作方便、使用简单等优点,有效解决了施工难题。