Flexural behaviors of steel reinforced ECC/concrete composite beams

An engineered cementitious composite （ECC） is introduced to partially substitute concrete in the tension zone of a reinforced concrete beam to form an ECC/reinforced concrete （RC） composite beam, which can increase the ductility and crack resisting ability of the beam. Based on the assumption of the plane remaining plane and the simplified constitutive models of materials, the stress and strain distributions along the depth of the composite beam in different loading stages are comprehensively investigated to obtain calculation methods of the load-carrying capacities for different stages. Also, a simplified formula for the ultimate load carrying capacity is proposed according to the Chinese code for the design of concrete structures. The relationship between the moment and curvature for the composite beam is also proposed together with a simplified calculation method for ductility of the ECC/RC composite beam. Finally, the calculation method is demonstrated with the test results of a composite beam. Comparison results show that the calculation results have good consistency with the test results, proving that the proposed calculation methods are reliable with a certain theoretical significance and reference value.

Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites

This article presents an experimental study on the flexural performance of reinforced concrete(RC)beams with fiber reinforced cementitious composites(FRCC)and hybrid fiber reinforced cementitious composites(HFRCC)in the hinge portion.Beam specimens with moderate confinement were used in the study and tested under monotonic loading.Seven diverse types of FRCC including hybrid composites using fibers in different profiles and in different volumes are employed in this study.Companion specimens such as cylindrical specimens and prism specimens are also used to study the physical properties of composites employed.The moment?curvature,stiffness behavior,ductility,crack pattern and modified flexural damage ratio are the main factors considered in this study to observe the efficacy of the employed hybrid composites.The experimental outputs demonstrate the improved post yield behavior with less rate of stiffness degradation and better damage tolerance capacity than conventional technique.

Experimental Research on Shear Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Composite Beams Under Uniformly Distributed Load

An experimental program was carried out to study the shear behavior of the reinforced concrete composite beam (RCCB) subjected to two-phase uniformly distributed load. A total of 12 reinforced concrete composite beams were tested: 10 of them were the RCCB subjected to two-phase uniformly distributed load, the other 2 were the comparative reinforced concrete beams cast at the same time as the RCCB subjected to one-phase uniformly distributed load. The interface of precast unit and recast concrete was natural and rough. The test range of the main composite factors: the ratio of precast section depth to composite section depth was from 0.35 to 0.65, the ratio of first-phase load moment to precast section ultimate bearing moment was from 0.25 to 0.65. Based on the test results, the stresses of the longitudinal reinforcements and stirrups, the load-bearing properties of the interface, the crack state and the failure characteristics of the RCCB under uniformly distributed load are discussed. The effects of the stirrups, the concrete strength and the composite factors on the shear resistance of the RCCB are analyzed, and the method for evaluating the shear resistance of the RCCB is proposed.

Fatigue properties of special kind of reinforced concrete composite beams

The special reinforced concrete composite beam consists of a steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete composite layer and a reinforced concrete T-beam, and constructional bars are set up at their bonding interface. Fatigue properties of the composite beam under the action of negative moment were experimentally studied. Through inverted loading mode the load-beating state of a composite beam was simulated under the action of negative moment. With the ratios of constructional bars being 0, 0.082% and 0.164% respectively as parameters, the effects of constructional bars on the properties of composite beam, such as fatigue life, crack propagation, rigidity loss as well as damage behavior of bonding interface, were studied. The mechanism of the constructional bars on the fatigue properties of the composite beams and the restriction mechanism of crack widths and rigidity loss were analyzed. The test results show that the constructional bars can enhance the shear resistance of the bonding interface between composite layer and old concrete beam and restrict expanding of steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete, which are beneficial to synergistic action of composite layer and old concrete beam, to reducing the stress amplitude of bars and the crack width of composite layer, and to increasing the durability and fatigue life of the composite beam.

Fatigue tests of composite beam by steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete in the hogging bending

Through the experiments of 7 T-section composite beams, steel fiber reinforced self-stressing concrete （SFRSC） as the composite beam in the composite layer was studied under the hogging bending. The tests simulated composite layer tensile strain under the hogging bending of inverted loading composite beams, giving the relationship under the different fatigue stress ratios between fatigue cycles and steel bar’s stress range, crack width, stiffness loss and damage, etc., in composite layer. This article established fatigue life equation, and analyzed SFRSC reinforced mechanism to crack width and stiffness loss. The results show that SFRSC as the composite beam concrete has excellent properties of crack resistance and tensile, can reinforce the fatigue crack width and stiffness loss of composite beams, and improve the durability and in normal use of composite beams in the hogging bending zone.

Flexural behavior of steel reinforced engineered cementitious composite beams

In order to enhance the durability of steel encased concrete beams, a new type of steel reinforced engineered cementitious composite(SRECC) beam composed of steel shapes, steel bars and ECC is proposed. The theoretical analyses of the SRECC beam including crack propagation and stress-strain distributions along the depth of the composite beam in different loading stages are conducted. A theoretical model and simplified design method are proposed to calculate the load carrying capacity. Based on the proposed theoretical model, the relationship between the moment and corresponding curvature is derived. The theoretical results are verified with the finite element analysis. Finally, an extensive parametric study is performed to study the effect of the matrix type, steel shape ratio, reinforced bar ratio, ECC compressive strength and ECC tensile ductility on the mechanical behavior of SRECC beams. The results show that substitution concrete with ECC can effectively improve the bearing capacity and ductility of composite beams. The steel shape and longitudinal reinforcement can enhance the loading carrying capacity, while the ductility decreases with the increase of steel shape ratio. ECC compressive strength has significant effects on both load carrying capacity and ductility, and changing the ultimate strain of ECC results in a very limited variation in the mechanical behavior of SRECC beams.

Experimental and analytical study on seismic behavior of steel-concrete multienergy dissipation composite shear walls

In this paper, a steel-concrete multi-energy dissipation composite shear wall, comprised of steel-reinforced concrete （SRC） columns, steel plate （SP） deep beams, a concrete wall and energy dissipation strips, is proposed. In order to study the multi-energy dissipation behavior and restorability after an earthquake, two stages of low cyclic loading tests were carded out on ten test specimens. In the first stage, test on five specimens with different number of SP deep beams was carried out, and the test lasted until the displacement drift reached 2%. In the second stage, thin SPs were welded to both sides of the five specimens tested in the first stage, and the same test was carried out on the repaired specimens （designated as new specimens）. The load-bearing capacity, stiffness, ductility, hysteretic behavior and failure characteristics were analyzed for both stages and the results are discussed herein. Extrapolating from these results, strength calculation models and formulas are proposed herein and simulations using ABAQUS carried out, they show good agreement with the test results. The study demonstrates that SRC columns, SP deep beams, concrete wall and energy dissipation strips cooperate well and play an important role in energy dissipation. In addition, this study shows that the shear wall has good recoverability after an earthquake, and that the welding of thin SP＇s to repair a deformed wall is a practicable technique.

Experimental study and analysis on fatigue stiffness of RC beams strengthened with CFRP and steel plate

The objective of this work is to investigate the fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete(RC) beams strengthened with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) and steel plate. An experimental investigation and theoretical analysis were made on the law of deflection development and stiffness degradation, as well as the influence of fatigue load ranges. Test results indicate that the law of three-stage change under fatigue loading is followed by both midspan deflection and permanent deflection, which also have positive correlation with fatigue load amplitude. Fatigue stiffness of composite strengthened beams degrades gradually with the increasing of number of cycles. Based on the experimental results, a theoretical model by effective moment of inertia method is developed for calculating the sectional stiffness of such composite strengthened beams under fatigue loading, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

钢-ECC组合梁负弯矩区受弯性能试验研究

纤维增强水泥基复合材料(Engineered Cementitious Composite,ECC)具有高延展性以及受拉刚化特点,应用于组合梁桥的负弯矩区时可有效减少桥面板的受拉开裂。完成了2根钢-ECC组合梁和1根钢-混凝土组合梁对比构件在负弯矩作用下的静力加载试验,通过试验研究了不同配筋率的ECC对结构受力性能特别是抗裂性的影响。试验研究表明:在负弯矩作用下,钢-ECC组合梁的刚度较钢-混凝土组合梁明显提高;由于ECC翼板的抗拉作用导致截面中和轴上升,钢梁受压区增大,构件延性有所降低;钢-ECC组合梁可有效提高结构的开裂荷载并减小裂缝宽度,提高配筋率有利于进一步减少ECC翼板的裂缝宽度。提出了钢-ECC组合梁的承载力与开裂荷载的计算方法,提供了挠度分析的方法和裂缝宽度的基本模型。

PVA-ECC与既有混凝土黏结面抗渗及劈裂抗拉试验

采用相对渗透系数法和劈裂抗拉法,开展了聚乙烯醇纤维增强混凝土(PVA-ECC)与既有普通混凝土黏结面抗渗及劈裂抗拉试验,分析界面处理方式、界面剂种类和养护时间对黏结面抗渗性能及劈裂极限力的影响.结果表明:随着界面粗糙度的增加,黏结面渗透系数减小,劈裂极限力增大,抗渗性能和黏结性能得以提高;不同界面剂中,采用膨胀水泥浆处理的黏结面抗渗性能最好,而采用环氧树脂界面剂处理的黏结面劈裂极限力最大;养护时间从14d增加到28d时,刷毛平界面膨胀水泥浆(S-P)复合试件的渗透系数下降了75.2%,劈裂极限力增大35.0%;PVA-ECC与既有普通混凝土黏结面的渗透系数与渗水后的劈裂极限力呈线性关系,且前者随后者的增大而减小.

RC伸臂梁采用PVA-ECC加固抗剪试验研究

基于2根对比梁和2根聚乙烯醇纤维水泥砂浆(PVA-ECC)钢筋网加固的钢筋混凝土伸臂梁的抗剪试验,分析了不同剪跨比下的对比梁及加固试验梁的斜裂缝开展、破坏形态、挠度、应变的变化规律.试验表明,该加固方法对梁的剪切刚度、抗裂性能及抗剪承载力均有一定的提高.依据实验结果,提出了聚乙烯醇纤维水泥砂浆钢筋网加固RC伸臂梁的抗剪承载力计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合得较好,可为实际加固工程设计提供理论参考.

基于拉压杆模型的ECC深梁受剪承载力分析

为研究分布筋对ECC深梁破坏模式和受剪承载力的影响,对分布筋配筋率分别为0、0.31%、0.63%的ECC简支深梁进行剪切试验,分析其破坏模式及纵筋和分布筋应变的发展规律.在拉压杆(STM)模型的基础上,根据Mohr-Columb破坏准则推导建立了STM1模型,基于压杆的试验结果建立了STM2模型,并与美国规范ACI318-19中的计算方法进行比较分析.研究结果表明:分布筋配筋率为0和0.31%的ECC深梁均发生压杆破坏,分布筋配筋率为0.63%的ECC深梁发生节点破坏;分布筋配筋率不大于0.31%时,ECC深梁的受剪承载力未随分布筋配筋量的增加而显著增加;与STM2模型及美国规范ACI318-19中的计算方法相比,STM1模型具有明确的力学意义,能考虑ECC材料抗拉性能和分布筋的影响,其计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,可为不同分布筋配筋率下ECC深梁的受剪承载力计算提供依据.

高强钢绞线网增强ECC加固无损RC梁截面刚度计算

高强钢绞线网增强ECC(Engineered Cementitious Composites)是一种新型高性能复合材料,具有优异的延性、韧性及裂缝控制能力。为了进一步将该复合材料用于混凝土结构加固,以显著提高加固后结构的整体性能,进行该复合材料加固无损钢筋混凝土(Reinforced Concrete,RC)梁的抗弯刚度的试验和理论研究。考虑纵向高强钢绞线配筋率、工程用水泥基复合材料(Engineered Cementitious Composites,ECC)配方及高强钢绞线直径的影响,设计制作6根高强钢绞线网增强ECC加固无损RC梁和1根未加固的对比RC梁,进行受弯性能试验,并采用刚度比法对加固梁的受弯刚度进行分析。研究结果表明:采用高强钢绞线网增强ECC加固无损RC梁,可显著提升RC梁的受弯刚度、承载能力、控裂及变形能力,加固梁的受弯刚度随着纵向高强钢绞线配筋率或ECC弹性模量的增大而提高,纵向钢绞线配筋率接近的情况下,改变钢绞线公称直径,对加固梁的受弯刚度的影响不大。基于试验结果分析,采用相关力学理论和混凝土结构基本原理,推导建立了高强钢绞线网增强ECC加固无损RC梁的受弯刚度计算公式,该公式计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。

复合配筋ECC/混凝土组合梁受弯性能研究

为了进一步研究对高延性纤维水泥基复合材料与混凝土共同作用下的力学性能,提出新型FRP筋-钢筋复合增强ECC/混凝土组合梁构件,将FRP筋配制在梁构件边角处,而ECC仅用于梁构件易于开裂的受拉区。旨在有效提高梁的延性和耐久性。首先,提出ECC简化应力-应变关系模型,采用截面条带法对构件的受弯性能进行分析;结果表明:试验结果与模拟结果吻合较好,验证了模型的可靠性。在此基础上进行参数分析,分析了不同配筋率、ECC层厚度、FRP筋种类等参数对构件受弯性能的影响。结果表明配筋率可大大提高构件的受弯性能;ECC层厚度对梁构件弯矩-曲率曲线影响不大;三种FRP筋中CFRP筋梁的承载力最高而GFRP筋梁的变形性能最好;最后通过对试验数据的拟合,得出曲率-裂缝宽度关系曲线,并分析三种不同因素对梁裂缝宽度的影响。

PVA-ECC钢筋网加固钢筋混凝土梁截面刚度计算

对3根聚乙烯醇纤维水泥(PVA-ECC)钢筋网加固的钢筋混凝土梁和1根未加固的对比梁进行受弯性能试验研究。试验结果表明,PVA-ECC钢筋网加固方法能有效地提高钢筋混凝土梁正截面承载力和截面刚度,较好地约束裂缝的发展,具有良好的加固效果。在试验研究的基础上,分析PVA-ECC钢筋网加固梁截面刚度的变化规律。研究结果表明:加固梁截面刚度随荷载的增加而变化,其延性较对比梁好。在试验研究和理论分析的基础上,以原构件受拉钢筋不存在初始应变为前提,对加固梁截面刚度进行分析计算,提出PVA-ECC钢筋网加固梁截面刚度的简化计算公式。计算结果表明,该公式与试验吻合较好,能够满足实际工程设计的需要。

钢筋增强ECC-混凝土复合梁受弯性能试验研究

为研究ECC对钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能的改善,对2组不同配筋率的5种不同ECC替代高度率的钢筋增强ECC-混凝土复合梁进行了静力受弯性能试验。测试了试件的开裂荷载,裂缝的开展,各级荷载下的应变,以及试件的极限荷载,验证了平截面假定。研究表明,ECC增强钢筋混凝土复合梁的抗弯承载力高于同配筋率的钢筋混凝土梁,且梁的裂缝细密;当钢筋屈服时,复合梁的裂缝宽度均小于规范的限值;钢筋与ECC、ECC与混凝土黏结良好,可以协调变形,作为整体共同工作。

FRP-ECC加固钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能研究

桥梁、房屋服役时间过长,通过加固的方式可以提高建筑使用寿命。文中使用FRP-ECC复合材料对钢筋混凝土梁进行加固,通过有限元分析未加固梁和FRP的配筋率为0.94%、1.41%的加固梁,有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合较好,验证有限元模型准确性。拓展0%、1.67%、1.88%和2.51%FRP配筋率的加固效果。得到FRP-ECC加固梁的屈服荷载与极限荷载以及相应位移。FRP-ECC复合材料加固效果要明显优于仅使用ECC材料加固,FRP-ECC加固梁屈服荷载比控制梁提高18.4%~27.7%,FRP配筋率对屈服荷载影响不明显。FRP-ECC加固梁的极限抗弯承载力比控制梁提高27.4%~59.6%,FRP配筋率为1.41%、1.67%、1.88%和2.51%加固梁极限抗弯承载力比FRP配筋率为0.91%加固梁分别提高7.5%、13.3%、19.0%和25.2%。提出FRP-ECC加固梁抗弯承载力计算方法,与有限元模拟结果相差-5.0%~0.2%,可为FRP-ECC加固结构工程应用提供参考。

采用混杂纤维ECC的叠合板组合梁负弯矩受力性能试验研究

基于一种新型混杂纤维ECC材料研发一种钢-混凝土-ECC组合桥面结构,用于连续组合桥梁的负弯矩区以提升其抗裂性能,可代替其他复杂的工程措施。完成2根钢-混凝土-ECC叠合板组合梁和1根钢-混凝土叠合板组合梁的静力单调加载试验。通过对承载力、刚度与裂缝发展的分析,初步论证混杂纤维ECC用于钢-混凝土组合梁的可行性和优势。试验表明:在纵向受拉钢筋配筋率相等的情况下,采用ECC后浇层的叠合板组合梁在正常使用阶段的承载力略高于对比梁,刚度则高于对比梁且裂缝数量减少、宽度减小;在采用界面拉毛处理后,后浇ECC与混凝土之间的黏结性能良好,界面未出现滑移破坏。基于试验数据和规范方法,提出了含ECC构件的受弯裂缝宽度计算公式,公式计算值与相关试验吻合较好。

带ECC底板的装配式梁受弯性能及损伤分析

为改善目前装配式叠合梁常存在后浇区易开裂、构件延性较差、易损伤等缺点,将工程水泥基复合材料(ECC)应用于叠合梁的底板及后浇区,进行了11个梁试件的纯受弯试验.研究该种试件受弯性能及ECC板厚度、钢筋连接方式、配筋率等因素对其受弯性能的影响;分析其特征点的承载力与位移,测量试件的裂缝宽度及其发展趋势并分析损伤演化规律.结果表明:带有ECC底板和后浇拼缝的装配式梁比普通混凝土梁开裂、屈服、极限状态下的荷载及位移及试件延性均有提高,且ECC底板越厚,提高作用越显著;采用套筒或环箍-插筋的方式均可有效传递钢筋应力;采用带ECC底板的装配式梁可有效控制纯受弯区裂缝宽度,且其破坏时损伤指数更大.其在损伤严重时仍可承受荷载,适合应用于装配式结构的关键节点.

基于软化拉-压杆模型的对角斜筋ECC连梁恢复力骨架曲线

为了模拟对角斜筋超高韧性水泥基复合材料(ECC)连梁在低周反复荷载下的受力性能,提出了一种计算对角斜筋ECC连梁恢复力骨架曲线的理论模型.该模型基于软化拉压杆模型,由ECC主拉压杆、对角斜筋和次杆组成,并考虑了箍筋对ECC受压性能的约束影响以及ECC受压和受拉时的软化效应.基于此理论模型,提出了对角斜筋ECC连梁受剪承载力计算公式.选取11根对角斜筋ECC连梁实验数据进行验证,得到受剪承载力计算值与实验值之比的平均值为0.94,变异系数为0.09,说明计算结果与实验结果符合较好.在小跨高比连梁中,随着连梁跨高比的增大,对角斜筋和次杆抵抗的剪力逐渐增加,而ECC主拉压杆抵抗的剪力则逐渐减小.