Discussion on Detection and Evaluation of Simply Supported Prestressed Concrete Small Box Girder Bridge After a Fire

The article takes a simply supported prestressed concrete small box girder bridge project as an example for inspection and evaluation after a fire incident.This includes appearance detection,concrete color hardness detection,concrete strength detection,concrete surface damage layer detection,reinforcement protective layer detection,and concrete carbonation detection.It is hoped that this analysis can be used as a reference for the detection and evaluation of future bridge projects with fire incidents to smoothen its subsequent repair and maintenance.

MODIFICATON AND RESEARCH ON BENDING RIGIDITY FORMULA OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

Beam stiffness degrades with its age in service and its service performance is weakened.According to the fundamental characteristics of the reinforced concrete,the influence of stiffness degradation caused by different kinds of damage is obtained.Among them,the crack is the most direct and obvious factor.Furthermore,according to the analysis of bending rigidity formula presented in current standard,an influence parameter of crack development on the stiffness degradation,i.e.,nonuniformity coefficient of tensile steel strain φ,is extracted.Average crack distance and crack depth are taken as crack statistic parameters.Based on analysis and modeling with ANSYS,the modified bending rigidity formula related to crack is obtained.

Seismic behavior of multiple reinforcement,high-strength concrete columns:experimental and theoretical analysis

This study investigates the seismic performance of multiple reinforcement,high-strength concrete(MRHSC)columns that are characterized by multiple transverse and longitudinal reinforcements in core areas.Eight MRHSC columns were designed and subjected to a low cycle,reversed loading test.The response,including the failure modes,hysteretic behavior,lateral bearing capacity,and displacement ductility,was analyzed.The effects of the axial compression ratio,stirrup form,and stirrup spacing of the central reinforcement configuration on the seismic performance of the columns were studied.Furthermore,an analytical model was developed to predict the backbone force-displacement curves of the MRHSC columns.The test results showed that these columns experienced two failure modes:shear failure and flexure-shear failure.As the axial compression ratio increased,the bearing capacity increased significantly,whereas the deformation capacity and ductility decreased.A decrease in the spacing of central transverse reinforcements improved the ductility and delayed the degradation of load-bearing capacity.The proposed analytical model can accurately predict the lateral force and deformations of MRHSC columns.

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of High-Strength Concrete Beams Including Steel Fibers and Large-Particle Recycled Coarse Aggregates

In order to study the performances of high-strength concrete beams including steel fibers and large-particle recycled aggregates,four different beams have been designed,tested experimentally and simulated numerically.As varying parameters,the replacement rates of recycled coarse aggregates and CFRP(carbon fiber reinforced polymer)sheets have been considered.The failure mode of these beams,related load deflection curves,stirrup strain and shear capacity have been determined through monotonic loading tests.The simulations have been conducted using the ABAQUS finite element software.The results show that the shear failure mode of recycled concrete beams is similar to that of ordinary concrete beams.The shear carrying capacity of high-strength concrete beams including steel fibers and large-particle recycled coarse aggregates grows with an increase in the replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregates.Reinforcement with CFRP sheets can significantly improve the beam’s shear carrying capacity and overall resistance to deformation.

UHPC加固空心板梁现场足尺抗弯试验研究

为分析UHPC加固受损空心板梁的抗弯性能,设计制作了2片空心板梁以开展现场足尺抗弯试验研究.基于现场试验结果对比分析了未加固和加固空心板梁的破坏模式和荷载-跨中位移曲线.试验结果表明UHPC加固层可以有效改善受损空心板梁的破坏模式,并且加固空心板梁呈现出更好的抗弯和变形能力.与未加固空心板梁相比,加固空心板梁的开裂和极限荷载均得到明显提升,提升幅度分别达到11.5%和23.8%.此外讨论了UHPC层的加固机理,同时推导了加固空心板梁的抗弯极限承载能力公式,并将理论值与试验值进行对比.结果表明抗弯承载能力计算值和试验值的最大误差仅为1.1%,证明了理论公式的准确性.

Flexural behavior of high-strength,steel-reinforced,and prestressed concrete beams

To study the flexural behavior of prestressed concrete beams with high-strength steel reinforcement and high-strength concrete and improve the crack width calculation method for flexural components with such reinforcement and concrete,12 specimens were tested under static loading.The failure modes,flexural strength,ductility,and crack width of the specimens were analyzed.The results show that the failure mode of the test beams was similar to that of the beams with normal reinforced concrete.A brittle failure did not occur in the specimens.To further understand the working mechanism,the results of other experimental studies were collected and discussed.The results show that the normalized reinforcement ratio has a greater effect on the ductility than the concrete strength.The cracking-and peak-moment formulas in the code for the design of concrete(GB 50010-2010)applied to the beams were both found to be acceptable.However,the calculation results of the maximum crack width following GB 50010-2010 and EN 1992-1-1:2004 were considerably conservative.In the context of GB 50010-2010,a revised formula for the crack width is proposed with modifications to two major factors:the average crack spacing and an amplification coefficient of the maximum crack width to the average spacing.The mean value of the ratio of the maximum crack width among the 12 test results and the relative calculation results from the revised formula is 1.017,which is better than the calculation result from GB 50010-2010.Therefore,the new formula calculates the crack width more accurately in high-strength concrete and high-strength steel reinforcement members.Finally,finite element models were established using ADINA software and validated based on the test results.This study provides an important reference for the development of high-strength concrete and highstrength steel reinforcement structures.

An experimental study on the flexural behavior of heavily steel reinforced beams with high-strength concrete

In recent years, an emerging technology termed high-strength concrete （HSC） has become popular in construction industry. Present study describes an experimental research on the behavior of high-strength concrete beams in ultimate and service state. Six simply supported beams were tested, by applying comprising two symmetric concentrated loads. Tests are reported in this study on the flexural behavior of high-strength reinforced concrete （HSRC） beams made with coarse and fine aggregate together with Microsilica. Test parameter considered includes effect of being compressive reinforcement. Based on the obtained results, the behavior of such members is more deeply reviewed. Also a comparison between theoretical and experimental results is reported here. The beams were made from concrete having compressive strength of 66.81-77.72 N/mm2 and percentage reinforcement ratio （P/Pb） in the range of 0.56% - 1.20%. The ultimate moment for the tested beams was found to be in a good agreement with that of the predicted ultimate moment based on ACI 318-11, ACI 363 and C SA-04 provisions. The predicted deflection based classical formulation based on code provisions for serviceability requirements is found to underestimate the maximum deflection of HSC reinforced beams at service load.

锈蚀钢筋混凝土T梁的疲劳性能试验

为探明我国早期建造的公路钢筋混凝土T梁桥纵筋锈蚀后的疲劳性能,加工制作10根实际锈蚀率在4.12%~13.72%之间的钢筋混凝土T梁试件,对其开展疲劳应力比在0.25~0.67范围内的疲劳试验。试验结果表明:轻度锈蚀T梁试件的挠度、弯曲裂缝宽度和材料应变均呈现明显的前期快速发展-中期稳定变化-后期迅速增长的“三阶段发展”特征,疲劳破坏一般以弯曲裂缝超限为标志;中度或重度锈蚀T梁试件承受应力比小于0.30左右的疲劳荷载作用时,前者中期平稳发展阶段基本消失,后者甚至会发生低周疲劳破坏;当应力比不超过0.31时,中度和重度锈蚀试件相比轻度锈蚀试件的疲劳寿命分别减小了约48%和71%;当应力比从0.66减小到0.31时,中度和重度锈蚀试件的疲劳寿命分别减小了约85%和90%。由于中度或重度锈蚀的公路钢筋混凝土T梁的实际疲劳寿命远低于200万次的设计疲劳寿命,故设计和运维中应采取措施减小主筋锈蚀率及疲劳应力幅值。

钢-混凝土组合箱梁桥空间网格计算模型研究

本文分析了钢-混凝土组合箱梁桥基本计算方法,指出了设计计算中应用单梁模型、梁格模型与实体模型的缺陷,详细介绍了空间网格模型的基本原理,将空间网格模型引入钢-混凝土组合箱梁计算中。为探究空间网格计算模型在钢-混凝土组合箱梁桥中的计算效率和可靠性,以一主跨480 m双塔五跨钢-混凝土组合箱梁桥为例,将主梁按照空间网格模型划分,分析成桥阶段恒载、活载以及设计标准荷载组合作用下主梁边、中跨关键截面的应力。结果表明:空间网格模型可以准确分析组合箱梁截面整体空间效应,无须单独建立局部模型就能考虑到混凝土顶板的剪力滞效应和活载局部效应,计算得出的应力结果直接用于配筋计算,为钢-混凝土组合箱梁桥分析提供新的思路和方向。

既有箱梁移至邻近新建高铁线条件下帮宽桥墩受力分析

论文以既有箱梁移至邻近新建高铁线条件下的帮宽桥墩为研究对象,介绍了墩身帮宽方法、施工工艺及界面植筋情况,建立了帮宽桥墩有限元模型,对比研究了墩身帮宽前后的受力特性。结果表明:墩身帮宽前后的最大主拉应力分别为 0.17 MPa、1.06 MPa,均小于 C35 混凝土的轴心抗拉强度标准值 2.20 MPa,墩身受力性能较好;墩高约 2.2~7.7 m 范围内,接缝面法向正应力由帮宽前的受压转变为帮宽后的受拉,但数值较小;墩身帮宽后接缝面的切向剪应力绝对值较墩身帮宽前的小,接缝面受力状态较为理想;墩身处于弹性阶段,工作性能良好。

新建西十高铁汉江特大桥边跨支架设计与施工

汉江特大桥是西安至十堰铁路的控制性工程,孔跨布置为(67+70+73+420+73+70+67)m斜拉桥+2×32 m简支梁,其中边跨混凝土箱梁总长共285 m,主梁采用钢桁加劲预应力混凝土箱梁,箱式采用单箱四室等高截面,中心处梁高3 m,顶、底板宽度均为17 m。采用钢管立柱支架现浇施工,针对中跨地质情况较差,跨中现浇梁钢管支架采用1 m钻孔灌注桩基础桩的形式克服梁部超重荷载下基础沉降的问题。现浇支架采用分段预压形式,减少预压块的投入。通过计算支架变形、梁体预抬值,精确定位预埋件位置,使用定位架对预埋件精确定位,提高施工效率。

某高速公路大桥箱梁底板裂缝检测及加固技术

高速公路现浇连续梁底板裂缝是一种比较常见的质量病害缺陷,产生的原因多为在建设期间不规范施工导致。文章以某高速公路大桥箱梁底板裂缝病害处治为例,从预应力钢筋混凝土现浇连续梁桥箱梁底板裂缝检测方法与工具、裂缝加固技术出发,对箱梁底板环向裂缝加固处治技术进行了详细介绍,同时从人员、机械、方法等方面分析了该箱梁裂缝产生的原因。

城市高架混凝土现浇变宽梁桥横梁开裂处置措施及效果分析

针对某软土地基城市高架混凝土现浇变宽箱梁桥施工过程中出现的横梁开裂问题,结合裂缝分布特点,提出了相应的加固处置措施,并采用空间杆系模型与ANSYS实体有限元模型相结合的方式对其加固效果进行分析。研究结果表明:与加固前相比,加固后横梁正截面抗弯承载能力提升了9.0%,斜截面抗剪承载力提升了38.9%;加固后横梁正截面抗弯、斜截面抗剪以及裂缝断面直剪承载力均满足要求,且横梁正截面和斜截面抗裂性均满足要求,加固效果较为显著。横梁荷载试验结果表明,加固后横梁总体抗弯工作性能和开裂位置附近的抗剪工作性能良好。所提出的增大截面和增设预应力综合加固方案,可为其他工程提供参考。

跨线连续钢—混组合梁桥负弯矩区抗裂措施设计与研究

为改善跨线连续钢—混组合梁桥负弯矩区的受力性能以解决桥面板开裂问题,以深圳某高速改扩建工程4×85 m连续钢—混组合梁桥为研究对象。基于有限元法,研究增设预应力筋、支点升降法、后浇成型、微膨胀混凝土以及增大配筋率对负弯矩区桥面板抗裂性能的影响。结果表明:桥面板后浇成型可消除一期恒载引起的桥面板拉应力;支点升降法和预应力筋均能在桥面板中引入预压应力,有效降低桥面板的应力水平;增大配筋率只能减小最大裂缝宽度,当配筋率小于1.2%时,随着截面配筋率的增加,桥面板的最大裂缝宽度迅速减小,当配筋率超过2.4%时,随着截面配筋率的增加,桥面板的最大裂缝宽度减小幅度变小;微膨胀混凝土可有效减小桥面板的拉应力。最后基于工程实际提出了综合抗裂措施,可为后续类似工程设计提供参考。

某公路混凝土箱梁桥维修加固方案研究

腹板和底板裂缝是混凝土箱梁桥中的常见病害之一,结构性裂缝会严重影响结构安全,降低结构的耐久性。文章依托混凝土箱梁桥,在资料搜集及专项检测的基础上,采用有限元软件进行数值模拟分析,对裂缝病害的主要影响因素进行参数敏感性分析,得出预应力损失是导致裂缝病害产生的主要原因。通过采用箱内增设体外预应力、增设钢桁架横隔板及底板粘贴钢板的综合加固措施对箱梁病害进行针对性处治。加固后验算结果表明,采取上述加固措施后,提高了箱梁的承载能力及刚度,改善了主梁断面应力分布,可有效抑制后期裂缝发展。

钢混组合梁截面形式优化研究

组合梁桥是指采用剪力连接件将抗拉性能好的钢材构件与抗压性能好的钢筋混凝土结构结合成组合截面工作的一种复合式结构。近年来,随着组合梁技术的不断发展,其使用范围已扩展到连续梁桥、拱桥和斜拉桥等多种复杂体系。组合梁中的钢梁部分也由早先单一的钢板梁拓宽到钢箱梁、钢槽梁和钢桁梁,组合梁的截面形式也由工字形发展到箱型、倒梯形甚至三角形[1]。当主梁截面采用多根单梁组成多箱室截面时,不同的截面形式造成单梁之间横向联系方式和混凝土桥面板施工方法大不相同。本文研究同等跨径、同等宽度条件下某省两条高速公路主线桥钢混组合梁截面形式由钢箱梁优化为钢槽梁后各方面性能指标,为今后的项目建设提供依据和参考.

钢筋混凝土T梁斜截面抗剪性能试验研究

重载铁路部分32 m预应力混凝土T梁腹板斜向开裂现象日渐突出。为了深入探究铁路典型T梁斜截面抗剪性能,设计制备了1片跨度5.0 m的钢筋混凝土模型梁,通过静载试验研究混凝土抗裂性能和斜截面开裂后梁体的力学性能。结果表明:不考虑塑性系数时纯弯段混凝土弯曲抗拉强度大于轴心抗拉强度,腹板斜截面混凝土抗拉强度与混凝土轴心抗拉强度接近;不考虑塑性影响的剪弯段混凝土弯曲抗拉强度略低于轴拉强度;模型梁斜截面开裂后,在外荷载作用下斜裂缝宽度变化沿梁高方向的分布无明显规律。当荷载达到剪压破坏抗剪承载力理论值时,箍筋屈服,梁体未发生剪压破坏。经过3次循环静载作用后,梁体纵筋未屈服,纯弯段上缘混凝土仍处于正常工作状态。

CFN-聚合物砂浆端锚RC箱梁抗弯性能试验研究

为改善碳纤维网格(Carbon Fibre Net,CFN)加固系统的加固效果,充分发挥CFN材料力学性能,在钢筋混凝土箱梁的底部和端部依次布置CFN,共设计1片钢筋混凝土(Reinforced Concrete,RC)梁和4片加固梁,然后进行四点弯曲静载试验,从破坏形态、荷载-位移曲线、CFN应变变化规律等方面研究端部锚固类型(X形、U形)及层数对RC箱梁抗弯性能的影响。结果表明:在端部进行锚固后,梁的抗弯性能和底部纤维利用率显著提高,其中两层X形箍加固梁抗弯性能最佳,所有加固梁开裂荷载提升幅度大于屈服荷载和极限荷载的提升幅度,底部网格利用率最大提高了84.8%;当钢筋屈服后,相同层数下X形箍加固梁的刚度高于U形箍加固梁,但增加X形箍的层数对抑制刚度退化现象影响较小;与X形箍外侧相比,X形箍内侧材料性能更易发挥,实际工程中建议将在跨中附近粘贴X形箍。

基于模糊层次分析法的现役桥梁承载状态评估方法研究

利用桥梁运营t年后的实际评估参数:抗弯抗剪承载力降低系数、动静刚度降低系数、结构频率降低系数、挠度校验系数、裂缝平均宽度、裂缝平均高度以及裂缝平均间距,结合模糊层次分析法,建立现役钢筋混凝土桥梁结构承载状态评估模型,对实际桥梁进行计算分析与安全状态评估。结果表明,该方法的评估结果和实际桥梁检测评估结论相符,可以用于现役钢筋混凝土梁桥的承载安全状态评估,指导桥梁的维修养护决策。

钢筋混凝土箱梁近场爆炸响应的试验与数值模拟

为了研究近场爆炸作用下单箱三室混凝土箱梁的动力响应和破坏特征,开展了缩比试件爆炸试验和数值模拟。以原型桥梁主梁截面按1∶3缩比设计和制作了箱梁试件,测量了3 kg TNT药柱爆炸作用下试件的反射超压、钢筋应变、竖向位移及破洞形态;采用LS-DYNA软件进行了箱梁爆炸响应模拟,结合试验数据验证了数值模拟方法的可靠性;分析了TNT当量、起爆位置、混凝土强度、配筋率对箱梁抗爆性能的影响。结果表明:3 kg TNT药柱于箱梁中间箱室中心正上方0.4 m处起爆时,在中间箱室顶板中心形成一个椭圆形的贯穿破口,破口沿横、纵桥向长度分别为41.50、45.50 cm;中间箱室顶板底面的混凝土发生大面积剥落,呈现喇叭状冲切破坏特征;多室箱梁的超宽截面形式使得其爆炸响应沿横桥向分布不均匀;箱梁底板竖向位移峰值和钢筋应变峰值随药量的增大而增大,采用最小二乘法得到了对应的拟合曲线表达式;不同起爆位置下,中间箱室底板中心的竖向位移均大于两侧箱室中心的。