The Effects of Degradation Phenomena of the Steel-Concrete Interface in Reinforced Concrete Structures

Reinforced concrete (RC) constructions are the innovation of sustainable constructions replacing masonry constructions. Despite this, the use of concrete and steel to improve the performance of structural members in service is a recurring problem due to the immediate or overtime appearance of cracks. The objective of this work was therefore to assess the damage phenomena of the steel-concrete interface in order to assess the performance of an RC structure. Samples of approximately 30 cm of reinforcement attacked by rust were taken from broken reinforced concrete columns and beams in order to determine the impact of corrosion on high adhesion steel (HA) and therefore on its ability to resist. The experimental results have shown that the corrosion degradation rates of reinforcing bars of different diameters increase as the diameter of the reinforcing bars decreases: 5% for HA12;23.75% for HA8 and 50% for HA6. Using the approach proposed by Mangat and Elgalf on the bearing capacity as a function of the progress of the corrosion phenomenon, these rates made it possible to assess the new fracture limits of corroded HA steels. For HA6 respectively HA8 and HA12, their initial limit resistances will decrease by 4/4, 3/4 and 1/4. Based on the results of this study and in order to guarantee their durability, an RC structure can be dimensioned by taking into account the effects of reinforcement corrosion.

INTERFACE DAMAGE ANALYSIS OF FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITES WITH DUCTILE MATRIX

A cohesive zone model is employed to simulate the fiber/matrix interface damage of composites with ductile matrix. The study is carried out to investigate the dependence of the interface damage and the composite tensile strength on the micro parameters of the composite. These parameters contain fiber packing pattern, fiber volume fraction, and the modulus ratio of the fiber to the matrix. The investigation reveals that though the high fiber vo lume fraction, the high fiber′s modulus and the square fiber packing can supply strong reinforcement to the composite, the interface damage is susceptible in these cases. The tensile strength of the composite is dominated by the interface strength when the interface debonding occurs.

Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning and Application in Developing Computer-Vision-Based Interface Tracking

This paper synchronizes control theory with computer vision by formalizing object tracking as a sequential decision-making process.A reinforcement learning(RL)agent successfully tracks an interface between two liquids,which is often a critical variable to track in many chemical,petrochemical,metallurgical,and oil industries.This method utilizes less than 100 images for creating an environment,from which the agent generates its own data without the need for expert knowledge.Unlike supervised learning(SL)methods that rely on a huge number of parameters,this approach requires far fewer parameters,which naturally reduces its maintenance cost.Besides its frugal nature,the agent is robust to environmental uncertainties such as occlusion,intensity changes,and excessive noise.From a closed-loop control context,an interface location-based deviation is chosen as the optimization goal during training.The methodology showcases RL for real-time object-tracking applications in the oil sands industry.Along with a presentation of the interface tracking problem,this paper provides a detailed review of one of the most effective RL methodologies:actor–critic policy.

Effect of Silane Coupling Agent Concentration on Interfacial Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Composites

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the concentration of silane coupling solution on the tensile strength of basalt fiber and the interfacial properties of basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites.The surface treatment of basalt fibers was carried out using an aqueous alcohol solution method.Basalt fibers were subjected to surface treatment with 3-Methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane at 0.5 wt.%,1 wt.%,2 wt.%,4 wt.%and 10 wt.%.The basalt monofilament tensile tests were carried out to investigate the variation in strength with the concentration of the silane coupling agent.The microdroplet test was performed to examine the effect of the concentration of the silane coupling agent on interfacial strength of basalt reinforced polymer composites.The film was formed on the surface of the basalt fiber treated silane coupling agent solution.The tensile strength of basalt fiber increased because the damaged fiber surface was repaired by the firm of silane coupling agent.The firm was effective in not only the surface protection of basalt fiber but also the improvement on the interfacial strength of fiber-matrix interface.However,the surface treatment using the high concentration silane coupling agent solution has an adverse effect on the mechanical properties of the composite materials,because of causing the degradation of the interfacial strength of the composite materials.

Double Deep Q-Network Decoder Based on EEG Brain-Computer Interface

Brain-computer interfaces(BCI)use neural activity as a control signal to enable direct communication between the human brain and external devices.The electrical signals generated by the brain are captured through electroencephalogram(EEG)and translated into neural intentions reflecting the user’s behavior.Correct decoding of the neural intentions then facilitates the control of external devices.Reinforcement learning-based BCIs enhance decoders to complete tasks based only on feedback signals(rewards)from the environment,building a general framework for dynamic mapping from neural intentions to actions that adapt to changing environments.However,using traditional reinforcement learning methods can have challenges such as the curse of dimensionality and poor generalization.Therefore,in this paper,we use deep reinforcement learning to construct decoders for the correct decoding of EEG signals,demonstrate its feasibility through experiments,and demonstrate its stronger generalization on motion imaging(MI)EEG data signals with high dynamic characteristics.

INTERFACE AND PROPERTIES OF ALKALI-TREATED CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED CEMENT COMPOSITES

The surface of carbon fibre is studied which has been treated with heated sodium hydrate solution (NaOH) . It is found that the surface of carbon fibre is not corroded during the treatment. But at the same time, it is also found that after this treatment, a certain number of carbonyl groups (C O) and (-COOH or ?COONa) are produced on the treated surface of carbon fibre. When carbon fiber is mixed with cement paste, the above reactive groups will link with Ca+2 in the paste, which will result in an early stage hydration of cement in inter facial areas. In addition, the experiments show that the rheological properties of cement paste reinforced with alkali-treated carbon fibre differ greatly from that of untreated carbon fibre reinforced cement paste.

Study on Interface mechanical behavior of steel tube reinforced concrete composite pile

Currently for the steel tube reinforced concrete composite pile research, although predecessors make a comprehensive research on the composite pile beating performance, design technology, but there are still many problems have not been solved, such as the steel tube reinforced concrete pile composite interracial force learn performance research is still in the initial stage. In this paper, we mainly discuss the research methods of several interface mechanical properties and propose the possibility of studying the mechanical properties of the steel tube reinforced concrete composite pile by using the principle of ultrasonic speckle.

SCATTERING OF ELASTIC WAVES IN AN ELASTIC MATRIX CONTAINING AN INCLUSION WITH INTERFACES

Based on the theory of elastic dynamics, the scattering of elasticwaves and dynamic stress concentration of fiber-reinforced compositewith interfaces are studied. Analytical expressions of elastic wavesin different medium areas are presented and an analytic method ofsolving this problem is established. The mode coefficients aredetermined by means of the continuous conditions of displacement andstress on the boundary of the interfaces. The influence of materialproperties and structural size on the dynamic stress con- centrationfactors near the interfaces is analyzed.

Meso-mechanical Interfacial Behavior of Elbow Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

The strain distributions near the interface when the elbow steel fiber is pulled out from the half-mould concrete matrix are directly measured using a combined method of single fiber pull-out test and digital image correlation. Meanwhile, the real-time processes of the bonding, debonding and sliding at the interface are observed. The micro-mechanism of the strain localization in the failure process of interface when debonding occurs and the strengthening mechanism at the imbedded fiber are discussed. The experimental results show that the meso-scale strain localization gives rise to the localization of shear damage near the fiber interface. This strain localization characterized by the debonding process near the interface occurs, develops and moves gradually at an apparently regular interval. At the elbow part of the imbedded fiber, the peak value of the shearing stress occurs. But the primary debonding does not occur at this place because the strength of the shear damage is increased at the local area of the elbow part in the concrete, displaying an apparent reinforced effect at the end of the fiber.

金属颗粒增强镁基复合材料制备技术及性能的研究进展

镁基复合材料具有低的密度、优异的力学性能等特点,在汽车、电子、航空航天等领域有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了国内外金属颗粒增强镁基复合材料的研究进展,详细介绍了金属颗粒增强镁基复合材料常见制备方法的特点,分析了金属颗粒增强镁基复合材料的界面结构和主要强韧化机理。最后,对金属颗粒增强镁基复合材料制备材料及工艺的发展进行了展望。

增强体表面改性在高导热金属基复合材料中的应用

随着电子技术的高速发展和电子器件的更新换代,电子封装材料的性能需求越来越高。金属基复合材料,尤其是铝基和铜基复合材料具有高导热、低膨胀、高稳定性等特点,是具有广阔应用前景的电子封装材料。然而,金刚石、石墨烯、硅等增强体与基体的润湿性差,或者在高温下与基体发生有害的界面反应,限制了此类高导热金属基复合材料的开发和应用。本文简述了金属基复合材料的界面研究进展,结合影响金属基复合材料界面结合的因素,提出了几种改善界面结合的方法。增强体表面改性是改善金属基复合材料界面的重要途径之一,常用工艺有磁控溅射法、化学气相沉积法、溶胶凝胶法、化学镀法等;最后,对增强体表面改性在高热导金属基复合材料中的应用进行分析和展望。

3D打印混凝土配筋增强基础研究进展

近年来,3D打印混凝土因无模板、自动化与智能化等优势,在建筑业智能建造方向受到越来越多的关注,结合工程实践已形成诸多应用示范。工程应用需求也对3D打印混凝土性能提出了更高要求,常常需要选择配筋增强实现安全与可靠性设计。但3D打印混凝土配筋增强技术受制备工艺影响与传统混凝土工程有所差异,应针对打印条件下配筋增强方法进行科学优化与性能调控。因此,本文聚焦配筋工艺、材料与性能、细微观表征及数值分析等方面阐述了3D打印混凝土配筋增强的基础研究进展;聚焦工程应用存在的问题,对配筋增强基础研究面临的挑战与未来发展也进行了简要讨论,力求为配筋3D打印混凝土结构安全应用提供参考。

芯片用金刚石增强金属基复合材料研究进展

随着电子设备集成化程度越来越高,对高导热封装材料的需求也越来越大,金刚石增强金属基复合材料凭借其高导热性能成为研究焦点。然而,由于金刚石颗粒与金属基体之间的不润湿特性,具有高导热性的金刚石增强金属基复合材料难以制备。文中综述了金刚石增强金属基复合材料的研究进展,包括界面改性、工艺参数优化和复合材料制备方法,并指出了金刚石增强金属基复合材料目前存在的问题和今后的研究方向。

筋土峰值拉拔力的影响因素研究

为解决加筋土结构中筋土界面间复杂效应问题,采用筋材的微单元受力平衡方法,考虑剪切刚度与位移的影响,推导筋土峰值拉拔力计算公式;预测筋材在所受拉力不超过其峰值拉拔力的情况下各个位置的拉力及位移;在最大峰值拉拔力的范围内分析筋材有效加筋长度、剪切刚度对筋材位移的影响及其变化规律。结果表明,在峰值拉拔力一定的情况下,筋材的有效加筋长度与剪切刚度对峰值拉拔力的影响较为显著,而弹性模量对峰值拉拔力的影响较小,筋材位移随着筋材有效加筋长度、剪切刚度的增大而呈非线性减小。将采用筋土界面峰值拉拔力公式的计算结果与拉拔试验的试验结果进行对比分析,发现两者的最大峰值拉拔力相差不大,结果吻合较好。研究成果可以为加筋土工程提供一定的理论参考。

界面缺陷对CFRP加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能的影响研究

为研究界面缺陷对CFRP加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能的影响,制作了3根钢筋混凝土梁对比试件,并进行了四点弯曲试验。同时,采用ABAQUS分析软件建立了非线性有限元模型,并进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明:当存在多个不连续缺陷时,试件上的CFRP提前发生剥离,剥离荷载下降了20.77%,导致试件的破坏模式发生改变,虽然极限荷载仅降低2.46%,但挠度降幅高达15.37%,延性下降显著;界面缺陷附近易产生应力集中,促使多裂缝均衡发展,导致裂缝间距减小;界面缺陷影响CFRP剥离起始发生位置,更易引起CFRP沿试件宽度方向贯穿剥离。

纤维束拉伸件几何尺寸对界面横向拉伸强度影响分析

纤维与基体的界面对复合材料的力学性能和耐久性有很大影响。相比于传统界面测试方法得到的界面剪切强度(IFSS),采用横向纤维束拉伸试验测得的横向拉伸界面强度可直观地反映纤维束与树脂间的界面性能,同时不受纤维组织微结构的影响,是树脂传递模塑(Resin transfer moul-ding, RTM)成型三维机织复合材料性能预测所需的重要参数。本工作建立了一种考虑纤维与树脂的热膨胀系数差异以及树脂固化收缩影响的横向纤维束拉伸试样的有限元模型,分析界面处的横向应力分布和破坏模式。然后用RTM工艺制备碳纤维束增强环氧树脂横向拉伸试验件,结果验证了模型的准确性。比较不同横向拉伸试样在界面处的受力状态,结果表明,十字型试样能有效改善边缘应力集中的现象,且在界面中心区域受力均匀,得到的横向拉伸强度更加精确。此外,讨论了十字型样品的伸出端宽度、长度等特征尺寸以及增强纤维类型对测试结果的影响。在选择纤维束横向拉伸试样时,为获得更加准确的界面横向拉伸强度,试样伸出端的宽度应尽可能大一些,但需要小于伸出端总长度的1/2以获得理想的破坏模式。

GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土隧道管片力学性能研究

为研究GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土隧道管片的力学性能,进行了三个不同GFRP筋配筋率的钢-聚丙烯纤维混凝土管片静力受弯试验,获得了试件的破坏形态、承载力及裂缝扩展模式。考虑GFRP筋与混杂纤维混凝土的界面黏结,采用ABAQUS建立了GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土管片的有限元模型,分析了不同混杂纤维掺量和配筋率对管片受弯承载力的影响。研究结果表明:GFRP筋混杂纤维混凝土管片的破坏主要是由跨中主裂缝贯穿和GFRP筋材断裂导致;在纤维体积掺量不变的情况下,提高纵向受拉GFRP筋的配筋率,可以有效提高管片的受弯承载力;在数值计算中,考虑GFRP筋与混杂纤维混凝土的界面黏结滑移的有限元模型能更准确地模拟试件的开裂荷载、极限荷载和弯曲刚度;在承载力不变的情况下,增加混杂纤维的体积分数能有效减少管片的配筋率,并且提高管片的抗变形能力;通过回归分析,提出了纤维掺量与配筋率关系的计算式,理论计算结果与数值结果符合较好。

框架柱托换节点抗震性能研究

为了研究框架柱托换节点的抗震性能,设计了5个包裹式托换节点,进行往复加载试验,分析结合面高度和界面钢筋对托换节点破坏形态和抗震性能的影响。建立了托换节点的非线性数值计算模型,验证了数值计算模型的正确性。试验和分析结果表明:结合面高度对托换节点的抗震性能影响显著,结合面高度为200 mm时,界面钢筋影响托换节点的破坏模式,托换节点的初始刚度随着界面钢筋数量的增加而增大;结合面高度为300 mm时,界面钢筋对托换节点的抗震性能影响较小。

颗粒增强复合材料切削加工三维有限元模拟研究进展

颗粒增强金属基复合材料因具有高模量、高强度及高耐磨等优异性能而被广泛应用于航空航天、军事、汽车等领域。但在其切削加工过程中,由于增强相颗粒的存在,导致刀具磨损严重,容易产生碎片瘤及被加工表面缺陷。有限元模拟可以实现对颗粒剥离及颗粒破碎等微观细节的分析,是切削加工试验研究的重要补充。对颗粒增强复合材料切削加工的三维有限元模拟研究进展进行综述,介绍了几何模型、界面模型和本构模型建立,以及网格划分和边界条件处理方面的最新研究进展,并初步探讨了存在的问题和发展方向。研究结果有助于推动颗粒增强复合材料切削加工三维有限元模拟的研究,更好地揭示其切削加工机理,为工艺参数优化提供理论依据。

纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)增强硅橡胶与铁氧体的界面黏结特性试验研究

目的探究纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)增强硅橡胶与铁氧体的界面黏结特性。方法分别开展准静态拉伸试验、界面法向和切向黏结强度试验。采用超弹性理论,分析纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)增强硅橡胶材料的拉伸行为,采用双线性和指数内聚力模型,分析纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)增强与铁氧体的界面破坏行为。结果通过拉伸试验获得了不同纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)含量的硅橡胶的工程应力应变曲线及两参数Mooney-Rivlin模型,小变形范围的模型误差在1%以内,大变形范围的最大误差为3.8%。通过界面强度试验,获得了不同纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)含量的硅橡胶和铁氧体界面的法向和切向力-位移曲线、黏结强度和界面断裂能,得到了界面法向和切向黏结强度内聚力模型参数。结论随着纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)含量增加,硅橡胶的拉伸强度增加,界面法向黏结强度和断裂能增大,而切向黏结强度和断裂能变化不显著。双线性内聚力模型更适合作为纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)增强硅橡胶与铁氧体的界面黏结强度表征模型,界面法向和切向黏结强度变化规律与实测值的吻合程度更高。