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Line clipping against polygonal window algorithm based on the multiple virtual boxes rejecting
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作者 王进 陆国栋 +1 位作者 彭群生 吴煊晖 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第B08期100-107,共8页
This paper presents a new algorithm for line clipping against a polygonal window by exploiting the local relationship between each line segment and the polygon. Firstly, a minimal enclosing box (MEB) of the polygon ... This paper presents a new algorithm for line clipping against a polygonal window by exploiting the local relationship between each line segment and the polygon. Firstly, a minimal enclosing box (MEB) of the polygon is adopted to reject the invisible line segments located outside the MEB. Secondly, a 45° rotated box is used to encode the endpoint of the line segment, and then reject a portion of the invisible segments crossing polygon comers. Finally, instead of encoding the endpoints of all line segments with respect to the polygonal window, each vertex of the polygon is encoded, taking the line segment to be clipped as reference. For efficient encoding of the polygon vertices, a new concept, termed with slope adaptive virtual box, is introduced regarding each line segment. Such a box can not only conveniently reject all totally invisible lines lying outside the MEB conveniently, but also precisely identify the edges of the polygon with which the line segment potentially intersects. With the summation of the vertex codes, it can be verified whether the line segment is separated from or potentially intersects the polygon window. Based on the product of the codes of adjacent vertices, singular cases of intersection can be solved accurately. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and stability of the new algorithm. 展开更多
关键词 Polygon vertex encoding Adaptive virtual box Line segment rejection Line segment intersection Line clipping
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Seasonal increase in nest defense,but not egg rejection,in a cuckoo host 被引量:1
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作者 Bo Zhou Wei Liang 《Avian Research》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期50-54,共5页
The interactions between avian brood parasites and their hosts provide an informative and easy-to-handle system for studying coevolution.Avian brood parasitism reduces the reproductive success of hosts,and thus,hosts ... The interactions between avian brood parasites and their hosts provide an informative and easy-to-handle system for studying coevolution.Avian brood parasitism reduces the reproductive success of hosts,and thus,hosts have evolved anti-parasitic strategies,such as rejecting parasitic eggs and adopting aggressive nest defense strategies,to avoid the cost brought on by brood parasitism.To test whether host anti-parasitic strategies are adjusted with the risk of being parasitized when the breeding seasons of brood parasites and hosts are not synchronous,we conducted a field experiment assessing nest defense and egg recognition behaviors of the Isabelline Shrike(Lanius isabellinus),a host of the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus).In the local area,the host Isabelline Shrike begins to breed in April,whereas the summer migratory Common Cuckoo migrates to the local area in May and begins to lay parasitic eggs.Results showed that nest defense behaviors of the Isabelline Shrike increases significantly after cuckoo arrival,showing higher aggressiveness to cuckoo dummies,with no significant difference in attack rates among cuckoo,sparrowhawk and dove dummies,but their egg rejection did not change significantly.These results imply that Isabelline Shrikes may adjust their nest defense behavior,but not egg rejection behavior,with seasonality. 展开更多
关键词 AGGRESSION Anti-parasite strategy Egg rejection Mismatch cuckoo parasitism Nest defense
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Recognition and rejection of foreign eggs of different colors in Barn Swallows
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作者 Kui Yan Wei Liang 《Avian Research》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第3期374-378,共5页
Brood parasitic birds lay eggs in the nests of other birds,and the parasitized hosts can reduce the cost of raising unrelated offspring through the recognition of parasitic eggs.Hosts can adopt vision-based cognitive ... Brood parasitic birds lay eggs in the nests of other birds,and the parasitized hosts can reduce the cost of raising unrelated offspring through the recognition of parasitic eggs.Hosts can adopt vision-based cognitive mechanisms to recognize foreign eggs by comparing the colors of foreign and host eggs.However,there is currently no uniform conclusion as to whether this comparison involves the single or multiple threshold decision rules.In this study,we tested both hypotheses by adding model eggs of different colors to the nests of Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica)of two geographical populations breeding in Hainan and Heilongjiang Provinces in China.Results showed that Barn Swallows rejected more white model eggs(moderate mimetic to their own eggs)and blue model eggs(highly non-mimetic eggs with shorter reflectance spectrum)than red model eggs(highly nonmimetic eggs with longer reflectance spectrum).There was no difference in the rejection rate of model eggs between the two populations of Barn Swallows,and clutch size was not a factor affecting egg recognition.Our results are consistent with the single rejection threshold model.This study provides strong experimental evidence that the color of model eggs can has an important effect on egg recognition in Barn Swallows,opening up new avenues to uncover the evolution of cuckoo egg mimicry and explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying the visual recognition of foreign eggs by hosts. 展开更多
关键词 Barn Swallow Egg color Hirundo rustica Multiple rejection threshold Single rejection threshold Visual recognition system
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Tree‑Inspired Structurally Graded Aerogel with Synergistic Water,Salt,and Thermal Transport for High‑Salinity Solar‑Powered Evaporation
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作者 Xiaomeng Zhao Heng Zhang +3 位作者 Kit‑Ying Chan Xinyue Huang Yunfei Yang Xi Shen 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第11期19-37,共19页
Solar-powered interfacial evaporation is an energy-efficient solution for water scarcity.It requires solar absorbers to facilitate upward water transport and limit the heat to the surface for efficient evaporation.Fur... Solar-powered interfacial evaporation is an energy-efficient solution for water scarcity.It requires solar absorbers to facilitate upward water transport and limit the heat to the surface for efficient evaporation.Furthermore,downward salt ion transport is also desired to prevent salt accumulation.However,achieving simultaneously fast water uptake,downward salt transport,and heat localization is challenging due to highly coupled water,mass,and thermal transport.Here,we develop a structurally graded aerogel inspired by tree transport systems to collectively optimize water,salt,and thermal transport.The arched aerogel features root-like,fan-shaped microchannels for rapid water uptake and downward salt diffusion,and horizontally aligned pores near the surface for heat localization through maximizing solar absorption and minimizing conductive heat loss.These structural characteristics gave rise to consistent evaporation rates of 2.09 kg m^(-2) h^(-1) under one-sun illumination in a 3.5 wt%NaCl solution for 7 days without degradation.Even in a high-salinity solution of 20 wt%NaCl,the evaporation rates maintained stable at 1.94 kg m^(-2) h^(-1) for 8 h without salt crystal formation.This work offers a novel microstructural design to address the complex interplay of water,salt,and thermal transport. 展开更多
关键词 Composite aerogel Graded structure Solar-powered evaporation Thermal insulation Salt rejection
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Uncertainty and disturbance estimator-based model predictive control for wet flue gas desulphurization system
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作者 Shan Liu Wenqi Zhong +2 位作者 Li Sun Xi Chen Rafal Madonski 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期182-194,共13页
Wet flue gas desulphurization technology is widely used in the industrial process for its capability of efficient pollution removal.The desulphurization control system,however,is subjected to complex reaction mechanis... Wet flue gas desulphurization technology is widely used in the industrial process for its capability of efficient pollution removal.The desulphurization control system,however,is subjected to complex reaction mechanisms and severe disturbances,which make for it difficult to achieve certain practically relevant control goals including emission and economic performances as well as system robustness.To address these challenges,a new robust control scheme based on uncertainty and disturbance estimator(UDE)and model predictive control(MPC)is proposed in this paper.The UDE is used to estimate and dynamically compensate acting disturbances,whereas MPC is deployed for optimal feedback regulation of the resultant dynamics.By viewing the system nonlinearities and unknown dynamics as disturbances,the proposed control framework allows to locally treat the considered nonlinear plant as a linear one.The obtained simulation results confirm that the utilization of UDE makes the tracking error negligibly small,even in the presence of unmodeled dynamics.In the conducted comparison study,the introduced control scheme outperforms both the standard MPC and PID(proportional-integral-derivative)control strategies in terms of transient performance and robustness.Furthermore,the results reveal that a lowpass-filter time constant has a significant effect on the robustness and the convergence range of the tracking error. 展开更多
关键词 Desulphurization system Disturbance rejection Model predictive control Uncertainty and disturbance estimator Nonlinear system
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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International
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《Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第2期I0006-I0008,共3页
Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International is a journal published bimonthly in the English language by the First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou,China.We welcome original r... Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International is a journal published bimonthly in the English language by the First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou,China.We welcome original research articles,review articles,editorials,and others from any part of the world.Manuscripts are reviewed by members of the international editorial board and our expert peer reviewers,then either accepted for publication or rejected by the chief editor.Manuscripts should be submitted via https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/hbpdint. 展开更多
关键词 rejected EDITOR JOURNAL
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Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International
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《Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期I0006-I0008,共3页
General information Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International is a journal published bimonthly in the English language by the First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou,China.W... General information Hepatobiliary&Pancreatic Diseases International is a journal published bimonthly in the English language by the First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine,Hangzhou,China.We welcome original research articles,review articles,editorials,and others from any part of the world.Manuscripts are reviewed by members of the international editorial board and our expert peer reviewers,then either accepted for publication or rejected by the chief editor.Manuscripts should be submitted via https://mc03.manuscriptcentral.com/hbpdint. 展开更多
关键词 rejected EDITOR JOURNAL
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Fixed-Time Gradient Flows for Solving Constrained Optimization: A Unified Approach
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作者 Xinli Shi Xiangping Xu +1 位作者 Guanghui Wen Jinde Cao 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第8期1849-1864,共16页
The accelerated method in solving optimization problems has always been an absorbing topic.Based on the fixedtime(FxT)stability of nonlinear dynamical systems,we provide a unified approach for designing FxT gradient f... The accelerated method in solving optimization problems has always been an absorbing topic.Based on the fixedtime(FxT)stability of nonlinear dynamical systems,we provide a unified approach for designing FxT gradient flows(FxTGFs).First,a general class of nonlinear functions in designing FxTGFs is provided.A unified method for designing first-order FxTGFs is shown under Polyak-Łjasiewicz inequality assumption,a weaker condition than strong convexity.When there exist both bounded and vanishing disturbances in the gradient flow,a specific class of nonsmooth robust FxTGFs with disturbance rejection is presented.Under the strict convexity assumption,Newton-based FxTGFs is given and further extended to solve time-varying optimization.Besides,the proposed FxTGFs are further used for solving equation-constrained optimization.Moreover,an FxT proximal gradient flow with a wide range of parameters is provided for solving nonsmooth composite optimization.To show the effectiveness of various FxTGFs,the static regret analyses for several typical FxTGFs are also provided in detail.Finally,the proposed FxTGFs are applied to solve two network problems,i.e.,the network consensus problem and solving a system linear equations,respectively,from the perspective of optimization.Particularly,by choosing component-wisely sign-preserving functions,these problems can be solved in a distributed way,which extends the existing results.The accelerated convergence and robustness of the proposed FxTGFs are validated in several numerical examples stemming from practical applications. 展开更多
关键词 CONSENSUS constrained optimization disturbance rejection linear equations fixed-time gradient flow(FxTGF).
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Human leukocyte antigen compatibility and incidence of donorspecific antibodies in pediatric liver transplant recipients
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作者 Melina U Melere Flavia H Feier +8 位作者 Jorge Neumann Antônio N Kalil Juliana de M Montagner Luiza S Nader Carolina S da Silva Marco Aurélio F Junior Gabriela P Coral Guilherme P Bobsin Cristina T Ferreira 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2024年第33期3837-3845,共9页
BACKGROUND Antibody-mediated rejection following liver transplantation(LT)has been increasingly recognized,particularly with respect to the emergence of de novo donor-specific antibodies(DSAs)and their impact on graft... BACKGROUND Antibody-mediated rejection following liver transplantation(LT)has been increasingly recognized,particularly with respect to the emergence of de novo donor-specific antibodies(DSAs)and their impact on graft longevity.While substantial evidence for adult populations exists,research focusing on pediatric LT outcomes remains limited.AIM To investigate the prevalence of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)mismatches and DSA and evaluate their association with rejection episodes after pediatric LT.METHODS A cohort of pediatric LT recipients underwent HLA testing at Santa Casa de Porto Alegre,Brazil,between December 2013 and December 2023.Only patients who survived for>30 days after LT with at least one DSA analysis were included.DSA classes I and II and cross-matches were analyzed.The presence of de novo DSA(dnDSA)was evaluated at least 3 months after LT using the Luminex®single antigen bead method,with a positive reaction threshold set at 1000 MFI.Rejection episodes were confirmed by liver biopsy.RESULTS Overall,67 transplanted children were analyzed;61 received grafts from living donors,85%of whom were related to recipients.Pre-transplant DSA(class I or II)was detected in 28.3%of patients,and dnDSA was detected in 48.4%.The median time to DSA detection after LT was 19.7[interquartile range(IQR):4.3-35.6]months.Biopsyproven rejection occurred in 13 patients at follow-up,with C4d positivity observed in 5/13 Liver biopsies.The median time to rejection was 7.8(IQR:5.7-12.8)months.The presence of dnDSA was significantly associated with rejection(36%vs 3%,P<0.001).The rejection-free survival rates at 12 and 24 months were 76%vs 100%and 58%vs 95%for patients with dnDSA anti-DQ vs those without,respectively.CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating DSA assessment into pre-and post-transplantation protocols for pediatric LT recipients.Future implications may include immunosuppression minimization strategies based on this analysis in pediatric LT recipients. 展开更多
关键词 Human leukocyte antigens Donor-specific antibodies Liver transplantation PEDIATRIC REJECTION
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Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion
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作者 Tyler A.Smith Liwen Zhou +6 位作者 Cameron L.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Haley O.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood Jared S.Bushman George D.Bittner 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS 2025年第4期1192-1206,共15页
Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal regeneration.Furthermore,such peripher... Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal regeneration.Furthermore,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune system.In contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian degeneration.The relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this study.We hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral recovery.We examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal fusion.Ablation-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host axons.Similar to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days postoperatively.Other morphological signs of rejection,such as collapsed Schwann cell basal lamina tubes,were absent in polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts but commonly observed in negative control and loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts at 21 days postoperatively.Loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts had more pro-inflammatory and less anti-inflammatory macrophages than negative control peripheral nerve allografts.While T cell counts were similarly high in loose-sutured-polyethylene glycol and negative control peripheral nerve allografts,loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts expressed some cytokines/chemokines important for T cell activation at much lower levels at 14 days postoperatively.MHCI expression was elevated in loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts,but MHCII expression was modestly lower compared to negative control at 21 days postoperatively.We conclude that,while polyethylene glycol per se reduces some immune responses of peripheral nerve allografts,successful polyethylene glycol-fusion repair of some axons is necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration of those axons and immune rejection of peripheral nerve allografts,and produce recovery of sensory/motor functions and voluntary behaviors.Translation of polyethylene glycol-fusion technologies would produce a paradigm shift from the current clinical practice of waiting days to months to repair ablation peripheral nerve injuries. 展开更多
关键词 allograft rejection AXOTOMY macrophage MYELIN nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration
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Elimination of GGTA1,CMAH,β4GalNT2 and CIITA genes in pigs compromises human versus pig xenogeneic immune reactions
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作者 Jing Xu Jilong Ren +11 位作者 Kai Xu Minghui Fang Meina Ka Fei Xu Xin Wang Jing Wang Zhiqiang Han Guihai Feng Ying Zhang Tang Hai Wei Li Zheng Hu 《Animal Models and Experimental Medicine》 CAS CSCD 2024年第4期584-590,共7页
Background:Pig organ xenotransplantation is a potential solution for the severe organ shortage in clinic,while immunogenic genes need to be eliminated to improve the immune compatibility between humans and pigs.Curren... Background:Pig organ xenotransplantation is a potential solution for the severe organ shortage in clinic,while immunogenic genes need to be eliminated to improve the immune compatibility between humans and pigs.Current knockout strategies are mainly aimed at the genes causing hyperacute immune rejection(HAR)that occurs in the first few hours while adaptive immune reactions orchestrated by CD4 T cell thereafter also cause graft failure,in which process the MHCⅡmolecule plays critical roles.Methods:Thus,we generate a 4-gene(GGTA1,CMAH,β4GalNT2,and CIITA)knockout pig by CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer to compromise HAR and CD4 T cell reactions simultaneously.Results:We successfully obtained 4KO piglets with deficiency in all alleles of genes,and at cellular and tissue levels.Additionally,the safety of our animals after gene editing was verified by using whole-genome sequencing and karyotyping.Piglets have survived for more than one year in the barrier,and also survived for more than 3 months in the conventional environment,suggesting that the piglets without MHCⅡcan be raised in the barrier and then gradually mated in the conventional environment.Conclusions:4KO piglets have lower immunogenicity,are safe in genomic level,and are easier to breed than the model with both MHCⅠandⅡdeletion. 展开更多
关键词 CD4 T cell genetically edited pig immune rejection major histocompatibility complex II XENOTRANSPLANTATION
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Disturbances rejection optimization based on improved two-degree-of-freedom LADRC for permanent magnet synchronous motor systems
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作者 Chenggang Wang Jianhu Yan +2 位作者 Wenlong Li Liang Shan Le Sun 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期518-531,共14页
Permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)speed control systems with conventional linear active disturbance rejection control(CLADRC)strategy encounter issues regarding the coupling between dynamic response and disturba... Permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)speed control systems with conventional linear active disturbance rejection control(CLADRC)strategy encounter issues regarding the coupling between dynamic response and disturbance suppression and have poor performance in suppressing complex nonlinear disturbances.In order to address these issues,this paper proposes an improved two-degree-of-freedom LADRC(TDOF-LADRC)strategy,which can enhance the disturbance rejection performance of the system while decoupling entirely the system's dynamic and anti-disturbance performance to boost the system robustness and simplify controller parameter tuning.PMSM models that consider total disturbances are developed to design the TDOF-LADRC speed controller accurately.Moreover,to evaluate the control performance of the TDOF-LADRC strategy,its stability is proven,and the influence of each controller parameter on the system control performance is analyzed.Based on it,a comparison is made between the disturbance observation ability and anti-disturbance performance of TDOF-LADRC and CLADRC to prove the superiority of TDOF-LADRC in rejecting disturbances.Finally,experiments are performed on a 750 W PMSM experimental platform,and the results demonstrate that the proposed TDOF-LADRC exhibits the properties of two degrees of freedom and improves the disturbance rejection performance of the PMSM system. 展开更多
关键词 Permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) Active disturbance rejection control(ADRC) Disturbance observer Two-degree-of-freedom control ANTI-DISTURBANCE
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Fractional Gradient Descent RBFNN for Active Fault-Tolerant Control of Plant Protection UAVs
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作者 Lianghao Hua Jianfeng Zhang +1 位作者 Dejie Li Xiaobo Xi 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第3期2129-2157,共29页
With the increasing prevalence of high-order systems in engineering applications, these systems often exhibitsignificant disturbances and can be challenging to model accurately. As a result, the active disturbance rej... With the increasing prevalence of high-order systems in engineering applications, these systems often exhibitsignificant disturbances and can be challenging to model accurately. As a result, the active disturbance rejectioncontroller (ADRC) has been widely applied in various fields. However, in controlling plant protection unmannedaerial vehicles (UAVs), which are typically large and subject to significant disturbances, load disturbances andthe possibility of multiple actuator faults during pesticide spraying pose significant challenges. To address theseissues, this paper proposes a novel fault-tolerant control method that combines a radial basis function neuralnetwork (RBFNN) with a second-order ADRC and leverages a fractional gradient descent (FGD) algorithm.We integrate the plant protection UAV model’s uncertain parameters, load disturbance parameters, and actuatorfault parameters and utilize the RBFNN for system parameter identification. The resulting ADRC exhibits loaddisturbance suppression and fault tolerance capabilities, and our proposed active fault-tolerant control law hasLyapunov stability implications. Experimental results obtained using a multi-rotor fault-tolerant test platformdemonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other control strategies regarding load disturbance suppressionand fault-tolerant performance. 展开更多
关键词 Radial basis function neural network plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle active disturbance rejection controller fractional gradient descent algorithm
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To analyze the differentially expressed genes in chronic rejection after renal transplantation by bioinformatics
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作者 JIN Shuai YU Yi-fan +2 位作者 SONG Jia-hua LI Tao WANG Yi 《Journal of Hainan Medical University》 CAS 2024年第2期33-40,共8页
Objective: To use bioinformatics technology to analyse differentially expressed genes in chronic rejection after renal transplantation, we can screen out potential pathogenic targets associated with the development of... Objective: To use bioinformatics technology to analyse differentially expressed genes in chronic rejection after renal transplantation, we can screen out potential pathogenic targets associated with the development of this disease, providing a theoretical basis for finding new therapeutic targets. Methods: Gene microarray data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Profiling Integrated Database (GEO) and cross-calculated to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with gene ontology (GO) is a method used to study the differences in gene expression under different conditions as well as their functions and interrelationships, while Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis is a tool used to explore the functions and pathways of genes in specific biological processes. By calculating the distribution of immune cell infiltration, the result of immune infiltration in the rejection group can be analysed as a trait in Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) for genes associated with rejection. Then, protein-protein interaction networks (PPI) were constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software to identify hub gene markers. Results: A total of 60 integrated DEGs were obtained from 3 datasets (GSE7392, GSE181757, GSE222889). By GO and KEGG analysis, the GEDs were mainly concentrated in the regulation of immune response, defence response, regulation of immune system processes, and stimulation response. The pathways were mainly enriched in antigen processing and presentation, EBV infection, graft-versus-host, allograft rejection, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. After further screening using WGCNA and PPI networks, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-F, and TYROBP were identified as hub genes (Hub genes). The data GSE21374 with clinical information was selected to construct the diagnostic efficacy and risk prediction model plots of the four hub genes, and the results concluded that all four Hub genes had good diagnostic value (area under the curve in the range of 0.794-0.819). From the inference, it can be concluded that the four genes, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-F and TYROBP, may have an important role in the development and progression of chronic rejection after renal transplantation. Conclusion: DEGs play an important role in the study of the pathogenesis of chronic rejection after renal transplantation, and can provide theoretical support for further research on the pathogenesis of chronic rejection after renal transplantation and the discovery of new therapeutic targets through enrichment analysis and pivotal gene screening, as well as inferential analyses of related diagnostic efficacy and disease risk prediction. 展开更多
关键词 Kidney disease Kidney transplantation Chronic rejection Bioinformatics analysis GEO database Hub gene
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Immunology demystified: A guide for transplant hepatologists
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作者 Iva Kosuta Tomislav Kelava +3 位作者 Ana Ostojic Vibor Sesa Anna Mrzljak Hrvoje Lalic 《World Journal of Transplantation》 2024年第1期48-61,共14页
Liver transplantation has become standard practice for treating end-stage liver disease.The success of the procedure relies on effective immunosuppressive medications to control the host's immune response.Despite ... Liver transplantation has become standard practice for treating end-stage liver disease.The success of the procedure relies on effective immunosuppressive medications to control the host's immune response.Despite the liver's inherent capacity to foster tolerance,the early post-transplant period is marked by significant immune reactivity.To ensure favorable outcomes,it is imperative to identify and manage various rejection types,encompassing T-cell-mediated,antibody-mediated,and chronic rejection.However,the approach to prescribing immunosuppressants relies heavily on clinical judgment rather than evidencebased criteria.Given that the majority of patients will require lifelong immunosuppression as the mechanisms underlying operational tolerance are still being investigated,healthcare providers must possess an understanding of immune responses,rejection mechanisms,and the pathways targeted by immunosuppressive drugs.This knowledge enables customization of treatments and improved patient care,even though a consensus on an optimal immunosuppressive regimen remains elusive. 展开更多
关键词 Liver transplantation Allograft rejection Operational immune tolerance Immune reaction IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
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Predicting outcomes after kidney transplantation: Can Pareto’s rules help us to do so?
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作者 Fernando M Gonzalez Francisca Gonzalez Cohens 《World Journal of Transplantation》 2024年第1期9-11,共3页
Kidney transplantation is the best option for kidney replacement therapy,even considering that most of the times the grafts do not survive as long as their recipients.In the Khalil et al's experience,published in ... Kidney transplantation is the best option for kidney replacement therapy,even considering that most of the times the grafts do not survive as long as their recipients.In the Khalil et al's experience,published in this issue of the Journal,they analyze their second kidney graft survival and describe those significant predictors of early loss.This editorial comments on the results and put in perspective that most of the times,long-term graft survival could be inadvertently jeopardized if the immunosuppressive therapy is reduced or withdrawn for any reason,and that it could happen frequently if the transplant physician intends to innovate with the clinical care without proper evidence-based data. 展开更多
关键词 Kidney transplantation Graft survival Acute rejection Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
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Clinical use of donor-derived cell-free DNA in kidney transplantation
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作者 Vishal Jaikaransingh Bhaktidevi Makadia +1 位作者 Hafiz S Khan Irtiza Hasan 《World Journal of Transplantation》 2024年第4期61-66,共6页
Traditional monitoring of kidney transplant recipients for allograft dysfunction caused by rejection involves serial checks of serum creatinine with biopsy of the renal allograft if dysfunction is suspected.This appro... Traditional monitoring of kidney transplant recipients for allograft dysfunction caused by rejection involves serial checks of serum creatinine with biopsy of the renal allograft if dysfunction is suspected.This approach is labor-intensive,invasive and costly.In addition,because this approach relies on a rise in serum creatinine above historical baselines,injury to the allograft can be extensive before this rise occurs.In an effort to address this,donor-derived cell-free DNA(dd-cf DNA)is being used with increasing frequency in the clinical setting as a means of diagnosing a rejection of the renal allograft early in the course.This can poten-tially allow for early intervention to minimize not only injury,but the intensity of antirejection therapy needed and the avoidance of side effects.Here,we will review the available methodology for the determination and quantification of dd-cf DNA,the data supporting its use in clinical practice and the limitations of this technology. 展开更多
关键词 KIDNEY TRANSPLANT Donor-derived cell-free DNA Transplant rejection BIOMARKER
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Impact of COVID-19 on liver transplant recipients: A nationwide cohort study evaluating hospitalization, transplant rejection, and inpatient mortality
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作者 Faisal Inayat Pratik Patel +10 位作者 Hassam Ali Arslan Afzal Hamza Tahir Ahtshamullah Chaudhry Rizwan Ishtiaq Attiq Ur Rehman Kishan Darji Muhammad Sohaib Afzal Gul Nawaz Alexa Giammarino Sanjaya K Satapathy 《World Journal of Transplantation》 2024年第2期62-75,共14页
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has posed a major public health concern worldwide.Patients with comorbid conditions are at risk of adverse outcomes following COVID-19.Solid organ transplant r... BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has posed a major public health concern worldwide.Patients with comorbid conditions are at risk of adverse outcomes following COVID-19.Solid organ transplant recipients with concurrent immunosuppression and comorbidities are more susceptible to a severe COVID-19 infection.It could lead to higher rates of inpatient complications and mortality in this patient population.However,studies on COVID-19 outcomes in liver transplant(LT)recipients have yielded inconsistent findings.AIM To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital-related outcomes among LT recipients in the United States.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the 2019–2020 National Inpatient Sample database.Patients with primary LT hospitalizations and a secondary COVID-19 diagnosis were identified using the International Classi-fication of Diseases,Tenth Revision coding system.The primary outcomes included trends in LT hospitalizations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Secondary outcomes included comparative trends in inpatient mortality and transplant rejection in LT recipients.RESULTS A total of 15720 hospitalized LT recipients were included.Approximately 0.8% of patients had a secondary diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.In both cohorts,the median admission age was 57 years.The linear trends for LT hospitalizations did not differ significantly before and during the pandemic(P=0.84).The frequency of in-hospital mortality for LT recipients increased from 1.7% to 4.4% between January 2019 and December 2020.Compared to the pre-pandemic period,a higher association was noted between LT recipients and in-hospital mortality during the pandemic,with an odds ratio(OR)of 1.69[95% confidence interval(CI):1.55-1.84),P<0.001].The frequency of transplant rejections among hospitalized LT recipients increased from 0.2%to 3.6% between January 2019 and December 2020.LT hospitalizations during the COVID-19 pandemic had a higher association with transplant rejection than before the pandemic[OR:1.53(95%CI:1.26-1.85),P<0.001].CONCLUSION The hospitalization rates for LT recipients were comparable before and during the pandemic.Inpatient mortality and transplant rejection rates for hospitalized LT recipients were increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. 展开更多
关键词 Liver transplant recipients Solid organ transplantation COVID-19 HOSPITALIZATION Transplant rejection MORTALITY
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Matched pair analysis of the effect of longer hypothermic machine perfusion time on kidney transplant outcomes
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作者 Carlos Verdiales Luke Baxter +2 位作者 Hyun Ja Lim Gavin Beck Michael A Moser 《World Journal of Transplantation》 2024年第3期95-101,共7页
BACKGROUND Hypothermic machine perfusion(HMP)has demonstrated benefits in terms of early kidney transplant function compared to static cold storage.While longer preservation times have shown detrimental effects,a prev... BACKGROUND Hypothermic machine perfusion(HMP)has demonstrated benefits in terms of early kidney transplant function compared to static cold storage.While longer preservation times have shown detrimental effects,a previous paired study indicated that longer pump times(the second kidney in a pair)might lead to improved outcomes.AIM To revisit the prior paired study's somewhat unexpected results by reviewing our program's experience.METHODS A total of 61 pairs of transplant recipients who received kidneys from the same donor(2012-2021)were analyzed.Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether they were transplanted first(K1)or second(K2).Therefore,the patients in each pair had identical donor characteristics,except for time on the pump.Statistical analyses included Kaplan-Meyer analysis and paired tests,including McNemar's test,student's paired t-test,or Wilcoxon's test,as appropriate.RESULTS The two groups of recipients had similar demographics(age,body mass index,diabetes,time on dialysis,sensit-ization and retransplants).Cold ischemic times for K1 and K2 were 8.9(95%CI:7.9,9.8)and 14.7 hours(13.7,15.8)(P<0.0001),respectively.Overall,K2 had a higher rate of freedom from biopsy-proven acute rejection at 1 year(P=0.015).Delayed graft function was less common in K2,12/61(20%)than in K1,20/61(33%)(P=0.046).Finally,K2 showed a higher graft survival than K1(P=0.023).CONCLUSION Our results agree with a previous study that suggested possible advantages to longer pump times.Both studies should encourage further research into HMP's potential anti-inflammatory effect. 展开更多
关键词 Hypothermic machine perfusion Paired kidney study Early acute rejection
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Advocating Synergy, Rejecting Clashes
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《Beijing Review》 2019年第21期2-2,共1页
Asia, a major cradle of human civilizations,boasts three of the four ancient civilizations that developed a rich legacy of art, culture and scientific achievements over thousands of years. Since ancient times.
关键词 Advocating SYNERGY rejecting Clashes
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