Relative Universality of Human Rights: Theory and Practice

Introduction After the birth of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights （UDHR）, ＂universal human rights＂ became a novel formal legal term both in the field of jurisprudence and in the international community. The notion of ＂universal human rights＂ indicates the ideal of ＂all human rights for all.＂ As the provision in Article 2 of the UDHR stated： ＂Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, politi cal or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.＂ However, some nonWestern govern ment officials and intellectuals have expressed doubts about the justifi ability of the term, which seems only to be a reflection of unique Western culture rather than Asian or Arabian ones. At the Vienna World Human Rights Conference, many heads of state said that universal human rights cannot be compatible with nonWest em culture. Even Lee Kuan Yew, the former leader of Singapore, declared in 1996： ＂Asian values are universal values. European values are European values.＇＇~ This statement is obviously a rejection of the idea that human rights are universal. In contrast, universal rights extremists and human rights activists and NGOs, such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, try to propagandize unified international human rights standards and international human rights re gimes. The debate continues from the diplomatic field to the academic field. But, in the foreseeable future,

Realities of Reflective Practice Skill among Public Health Nurses in Japan and Related Learning and Lifestyle Factors

Background: According to the diversification of the health needs and the expansion of health disparities, it is necessary to raise their reflective practice skills so that PHNs present more appropriate activities. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the realities of reflective practice skills among public health nurses in Japan and identify related factors. Methods: This study covered 1725 public health nurses in the Chugoku/Shikoku area. We conducted an anonymous self-completed questionnaire survey. As reflective practice skills (RPS), we adopted the six components of the six cycles of the Gibbs reflective model. We used the 20 criteria of the Scale for Practical Competence (SPC). We set 25 learning history/daily lifestyle items. The study plan was approved by the Ethics Committee of Okayama University. Results: We analyzed the 962 (55.8%) valid responses. Although years of experience as a public health nurse was highly correlated with practical skills as measured by SPC, with a correlation coefficient of 0.627, it was not closely related with RPS, with a correlation coefficient as low as 0.129. A logistic regression analysis of the eight learning history items and six daily lifestyle items associated with RPS, with the introduction of the high/low RPS groups as dependent variables, showed a convergence to five factors (odds ratio of 1.38 - 2.29). Conclusions: Going forward, we will need to consider how to accumulate learning on a daily basis and how to include positive health practice in PHN education, in connection with exploring the curriculum and method of training.

A Philosophic Idea of Being "ALIVE" in Living Educational Theory——Talking about the Character Education in the New Curriculum

This paper is mainly discussing about the significance of the Living Educational Theory Action Research raised by Dr. Jack Whitehead, also it gives a clear distinction between traditional AR Theory and that in the LETAR. Because of the distinctive features like "individual", "living" and "practical" characteristics been embodied in the Living Educational Theory, it can be very well applied in the character education of improvement in the individual and group practice, therefore, implementation of the "New Curriculum" as a case to prove what has been discussed.

Schisming as an Interactional Resource for Learning at the Frontiers of Work and Vocational Training-A Secondary Publication

This paper examines the sorts of interactional competencies and institutional demands required from students as they engage in complex forms of participation combining work and training purposes.It focuses on a series of empirical cases,recorded through video data and analyzed from a conversation analytic perspective,in which mentors make the decision to intervene during work sessions moderated by students.Such interventions do not interrupt the student’s activity and lead to the emergence of two distinct but not impermeable interactional spaces.This complex participation framework,known as“schisming,”contributes to overcoming practical issues within multiparty settings.Our study shows how schisming constitutes a particular sequential phenomenon where participants reorganize the interaction and co-construct a social and cognitive interactional space,thus enabling a shared understanding of the specific training context.Empirical data from the practical training of medical radiographers are used to illustrate how schisming may contribute to learning in the conditions of guided practice.

The Relation between Early Childhood Teachers’ Conceptualization of “Play” and Their Practice:Implication for the Process of Learning to Teach

For centuries,educators and psychologists have advocated“play”as the ideal activity for the development of young children.Actually,play has been found currently to be the central pedagogy in the learning of young children in 21 countries in the world.However,the quality of play-based pedagogy is becoming a key concern across countries.Scholars found that play is either too loosely framed to result in children’s optimal development;or it is too“teacherly”and looses the essence of play.The recent report released by OECD highlighted its concern about play in early childhood education and,urged international researchers and educators to make efforts to bridge the gap.Hong Kong is not an exception on the issue of play enactment.Though resources have been put in for the professional upgrading of early education teachers in the last two decades,the learning and teaching style is still didactic and there appears to be a misinterpretation of play-based pedagogy.The present paper attempts to explore the issue through early childhood teachers’conceptualization of“learning and teaching through play”with the aim of understanding the problem and shedding light for better ways to prepare teachers in this sector.

“产教融合、校企合作、多位一体”的应用化学专业实践教学体系构建

“产教融合,校企合作”是高校培养新时代所需人才的重要途径之一,牵引着人才培养的发展方向。为顺应时代对人才的需求,并结合我院应用化学专业人才培养目标,本文针对我院应用化学专业提出构建“产教融合、校企合作、多位一体、虚实结合”的创新人才培养实践教学体系。以培养学生的实践创新能力为核心,通过搭建校企合作实践教学平台,设置“基础实验-综合训练-创新设计”三个层次的实验,推进多位一体、虚实结合的实践教学模式,对学生实行个性化培养,使培养的人才与社会需求相适应,并服务于经济社会的发展。

Swimming with the Tide-A living Theory Approach to Religious Education

The theoretical framework of this paper is based on the living theory of practice developed by Jack Whitehead. Whitehead holds the view that theory is an outcome of practice and that the practitioner, being an expert of her or his practice, is capable of improving practice by systematically acting, observing, reflecting, evaluating and theorizing about practice. In this research spiral activity, the main question is： How do I improve what I am doing？ By introducing teacher students to action research and living theories in the process of becoming religious education teachers, they are empowered to investigate and to analyse their practice right from the beginning of their life as practitioners. In this process their personal values and the values emerging from the variety of RE themes will inform their critical reflection about to what extent they are able to mirror these values in their actions in the classroom, particularly in their interactions with pupils. Theses purposeful activities will advance their knowledge about what they are doing and inform their evaluation of the quality of teaching and learning constructed in their practices. Teachers or practitioner -- researchers who are able to systematically observe their practice, are in the position of minimizing the gap between values and actions and to give scholarly and informed explanations for what they are doing in the RE classroom.

Research on the Three Forms of Education Philosophy and Its Enlightenment

Educational philosophy exists in three forms： philosophy of professional education, philosophy of public education, and philosophy of personal education, which are interrelated with their own unique features. Enlightenment： this knowledge helps avoid misunderstanding of educational philosophy, which is not only a type of theoretical philosophy, but also a practical philosophy; teachers need to construct a proper philosophy of personal education of their own and enhance their professionalism and specialism while improving their humanistic quality and professional sentiment; great efforts should be made to create an educational community to exert the influence of philosophy of public education, and to promote the healthy development of educational activities.

“实用仪器分析理论”课程思政建设探索与实践

为了贯彻落实习近平总书记的研究生教育工作会议讲话精神,将“全程育人、全方位育人”作为研究生“实用仪器分析理论”课的建设目标。课程将理论联系实际、培养学生严谨治学态度、树立家国情怀等思政元素深度融合到教学过程中。通过教学过程中实践、反馈、提升的循环探索,将对研究生教育理想信念层面的精神指引融入到“润物细无声”的知识教学中。

着眼未来教育家的教育博士培养模式构建

教育博士专业学位的设立是我国博士学位制度的一项重大创新,是培养造就未来教育家的重要途径,对建设教育强国具有先导性、基础性、战略性作用。构建一个既符合教育博士类别要求又能彰显教育博士规格质量的培养模式,是一个重大的理论与实践课题。本文结合东北师范大学的实践探索,从教育博士培养改革的时代之需、他山之石、理论之基、实践之径四个方面,阐释“目标导向、理实互构、三维协同”教育博士培养模式的理论内涵与实践路径,以期能为建构具有中国特色的教育博士培养模式提供参考和借鉴。

中国教育学自主知识体系建构需要处理的几个关系

中国教育学自主知识体系是在引进和吸收西方知识,合理借鉴与教育学相关的其他学科成果的基础上,通过传承中国优秀文化传统与教育传统,从知识层面概括和提炼教育实践经验,对教育领域的概念和命题等进行诠释和解答过程中生成的,是能够为人所理解和掌握的具有结构化、层次化的知识系统。从关系思维视角来看,其建构需要认识与处理五对关系:与意识形态的关系是前提,与相关学科的关系是基础,与国外教育学的关系是要求,与中国教育实践的关系是必然,与中国优秀教育传统之间的关系是特色。中国教育学自主知识体系的建构,必须在与意识形态、相关学科、国外教育学、中国教育实践以及与中国优秀教育传统的正确关系思维中进行。

职业教育理论与实践“双断点”:价值审思、问题观照与融合进路

理论与实践是职业教育发展的重要范畴,两者有机统一。理论是行动的先导,能够指导实践,而实践是实现的方式,实现理论的自我完善。而在职业教育发展过程中职业教育理论与实践彼此割裂、双向脱嵌,表现为职业教育理论滞后实践与实践拒斥理论、理论“去实践化”与实践“去理论化”、理论失灵和实践失灵等“双断点”问题。职业教育理论与实践的融合发展需要厘清理论与实践融合的逻辑之本,把握理论和实践失灵“双断点”的破解之策,打通理论实践化与实践理论化的整合之道,从而创生职业教育高质量发展的新格局。

“五育并举”视域下涉农高职院校劳动教育及其实践策略研究

涉农高职院校肩负着培养乡村振兴人才的重要任务,实施“五育并举”至关重要,劳动教育作为其中一育,能够积极有效开展是涉农高职院校实施立德树人根本任务的需要,也是推进高职院校“三教改革”的重要基础。该文分析涉农高职院校劳动教育开展中存在问题,分析其产生的原因,从而提出劳动教育开展的实践策略。

高等学校继续教育高质量发展理论与实践研究

继续教育的课程教学质量不仅意味着会降低培养人才的效率,还会直接影响实现继续教育人才培养的目标。随着社会发展,各高等院校也在利用现代化技术不断提升教学手段、调整教学内容,让继续教育能够得到提升。高等学校是将教学、科技研究以及产业于一身的人才培养基地,是开展继续教育的重要力量来源,因此,可以通过深入了解:高等学校继续教育的发展意义;了解局势:清晰了解继续教育创新的重要性;创新理念:明确继续教育发展战略目标;完善机制:革新继续教育教学服务模式;创新技术:信息化推动学校继续教育转型等方法,确定继续教育的定位,让其为社会发展服务,并培养出适应社会的应用型人才。

思政课教学与管理育人协同的逻辑依据与实践进路

从理论上看,实践与认识的辩证关系原理、系统组分协同理论、内化与外化的统一规律、显性教育与隐性教育的互补性是思政课教学与管理育人协同的内在依据。从现实上看,思政课教学与管理育人协同是消解知行分离、育人冲突现象与解决由实际问题引发的学生思想问题的必然选择。实践中,推动思政课教学与管理育人协同,应促进思政课教师与管理者的角色交叉,搭建思政课教学与管理育人的协同平台,构建思政课教学与管理育人的联动机制。

本科助产综合实训课程思政的教学设计与实践

在新时代背景下,对助产人才的培养不仅需加强专业技能方面的学习,更要全方位提升学生的思政素养。为了贯彻落实教育部关于高校课程思政建设精神,我校结合实际开展了助产综合实训课程,并在其中融入课程思政的设计与实践,在见习、实训、虚拟仿真实验等环节有机融入思政元素,以实现树立助产专业信念,强化助产护理责任担当,感悟生命的可贵,培养人文关怀品质,传承大爱无疆的精神的育人目标。该文简要介绍课程思政融入本科助产综合实训课程的切入点和方法,为今后进一步开展其他相关课程思政改革教学活动提供参考。

我们究竟需要什么样的技术观

技术工具论是一种社会大众广为接受的技术观,也是当前教育中的主流技术观。工具论是主客二元认识论的产物,它强调技术功能,把技术看作一种价值中立的工具,但忽视了人和教育情境的因素。技术工具论的膨胀会消解教育活动的复杂性,引发教育活动的程序化,导致教育技术应用的低效。哲学研究范式的实践转向产生了新的技术观,实践理论阐述了人的实践具有日常性、关系性、过程性和微观性的特征,并能揭示教育技术“实际上是怎么样的”。教育技术实践观有助于我们展示“人—技术—教育”的教育技术关系,以及情境化、动态性和创造性的教育技术实践过程,从而能打开教育技术实践的黑箱。教育技术实践观能助力实现教育数字化转型逻辑转变,关注微观层面的教育技术活动,打通教育数字化转型的“最后一公里”,从而赋能教育和人的全面发展,有助于探索中国式教育数字化转型之路。

“三全育人”理念下电气工程专业课程改革的实践理论研究

现阶段,三全育人的新理念已经在各大院校广泛推行,但整体仍处在探索的阶段,很多专业落实课程思政工作不主动,改革创新缺少必要的抓手,造成三全育人的全新格局尚未建立。对此,具体分析电气工程专业课程改革的必要性,针对当前存在的不足,以三全育人为目标,探索改革的路径,为教育实践提供理论和行为上的借鉴,进而促进课程思政的建设。

场域建构、困境生成与社会工作实习教育制度调试

在中国式现代化发展新阶段,审视社会工作实习教育场域状态并探析实习困境的生成机制,进而提出完善实习教育制度的策略具有必要性。借助布迪厄社会实践理论的分析框架,以实习生为中心、以实习生与其他场域主体的互动关系为基础建构实习场域,进而揭示实习困境的生成机制。空间性困境与时间性困境的相互作用形塑了实习困境。在此基础上,提出通过分化督导职能并改革督导模式、完善实习教育考核机制、扩大专业教育实践比例的策略克服实习困境,进而调试社会工作实习教育制度。