Distribution of chlorophyll a, photosynthesis and their relations to the environmental factors in the Central South China Sea

Some studies have been made on the variation of primary productivity in the Central South ChinaSea. This paper studies comprehensively the characteristics of chlorophyll a distributions in time andspace and the primary productivity, as well their relations to the environmental factors.Materals and methods During the comprehensive investigation in the Central South China Sea from September 1983 toDecember 1984, the distributions of chlorophyll a and primary productivity were studied. Figure 1shows the sampling stations and their range of investigation.

Factors Affecting the Relation of Fracture Toughness V_(GC) with Critical Void Growth Ratio R_C/R_O

The relationship between fracture toughness VGC and critical void growth RC/RO was studied for ten kinds of Steel. The macroscopic fracture toughness VGC was determined by using notched tensile specimens. and the microscopic parameters of critical void growth ratio RC/RO were quantitatively measured under SEM. Then, the coefhcient C in the relation VGC = C In(RC/RO) proposed in author's past work was specifically explored. The correlation of C with tensile proderty parameter φ=σyδ/(Eφn) was presented for the Steel investigated, and the effects of low temperature on C were also discussed. Results show that the coefficient C is linearly related to the parameter and insensitive to low temperature.

Factors Associated with Exclusive Breastfeeding among Mothers of Children Aged 0 to 12 Months and Father’s Perceptions of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in the Central Region of Burkina Faso: Case of the Boulmiougou Health District

Introduction: Neonatal mortality remains a major concern in West Africa, and exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as a crucial intervention to promote newborn survival. This study aims to identify the factors influencing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers, as well as the perceptions of fathers, in the Boulmiougou health district. Method: This cross-sectional mixed study was conducted between May and July 2022, involving 471 mothers and 103 fathers of children under one year of age. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. Results: The practice of exclusive breastfeeding was observed in 44.6% of mothers surveyed. Logistic regression analysis revealed that mothers older than 26 years have a significantly higher chance of exclusive breastfeeding [adjusted OR = 1.7;95% CI: (1.098 - 2.685);p = 0.019] compared to mothers under 26 years of age. Similarly, mothers with at least three antenatal visits were 2.715 times more likely to perform exclusive breastfeeding than those with less than three antenatal visits [adjusted OR = 2.715, 95% CI: (1.184 - 6.225);p = 0.018]. The vast majority of fathers (76.7%) were informed about exclusive breastfeeding, and 59.5% had a correct definition. The analysis of the father’s perception highlighted a stronger focus on traditional practices in 90.3% of cases than on medical recommendations. Conclusion: In light of these results, it is essential to increase sessions to raise awareness and involve men throughout pregnancy, childbirth and early childhood monitoring about the many benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.

A Cross-Sectional Study on The Prevalence of Anemia in Maintenance Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients and Its Related Factors

Objective:To study the prevalence of anemia,the proportion of hemoglobin(Hb)levels,the treatment methods,and the influencing factors of Hb levels in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)and peritoneal dialysis patients.Methods:In this study,602 patients with maintenance hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis were enrolled from December 2020 to December 2022 in our hospital,and their medical records were collected and summarized.The main contents included the patient’s gender,age,primary disease,dialysis duration,dialysis method,the use of erythropoietic stimulating agents(ESA),intravenous iron,and laboratory tests.A Hb index exceeding 110 g/L was set as the standard for the prevalence of anemia.Results:The rate of anemia in patients undergoing blood purification was 83%.The proportion of ESA use was 84.1%,and the proportion of iron use was 76.7%,of which the proportion of intravenous iron used was 17.0%,and the proportion of folic acid used was 28.3%.Conclusion:The incidence of anemia in MHD patients was relatively high,with a low proportion of patients reaching the standard Hb levels.Risk factors include albumin(ALB)levels,iron storage,white blood cells,C-reactive protein,cholesterol,etc.Nutritional support,iron supplementation,and prevention of micro-inflammatory reactions can effectively promote the improvement of Hb indicators in dialysis patients to prevent anemia.

Analysis of Factors Related to Vasovagal Response in Apheresis Blood Donors and the Establishment of Prediction Model Based on BP Neural Network Algorithm

Objective:To analyze the factors related to vessel vasovagal reaction(VVR)in apheresis donors,establish a mathematical model for predicting the correlation factors and occurrence risk,and use the prediction model to intervene in high-risk VVR blood donors,improve the blood donation experience,and retain blood donors.Methods:A total of 316 blood donors from the Xi'an Central Blood Bank from June to September 2022 were selected to statistically analyze VVR-related factors.A BP neural network prediction model is established with relevant factors as input and DRVR risk as output.Results:First-time blood donors had a high risk of VVR,female risk was high,and sex difference was significant(P value<0.05).The blood pressure before donation and intergroup differences were also significant(P value<0.05).After training,the established BP neural network model has a minimum RMS error of o.116,a correlation coefficient R=0.75,and a test model accuracy of 66.7%.Conclusion:First-time blood donors,women,and relatively low blood pressure are all high-risk groups for VVR.The BP neural network prediction model established in this paper has certain prediction accuracy and can be used as a means to evaluate the risk degree of clinical blood donors.

Phosphatase and tensin homology deleted in chromosome 10,hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha gene expression in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma and their relation to vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression

To examine phosphatase and tensin homology deleted in chromosome 10 (PTEN),hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) gene expressions and their relation to vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) protein expression in the patients with human colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas.Methods The expression of PTEN,HIF-1 alpha gene was detected by using in situ hybridization,and the VEGF expression levels by immunohistochemistry in colorectal adenomas and primary colorectal adenocarcinoma.Results Strong expression of HIF-1 alpha was detectable in the majority of colorectal dadenocarcinoma,particularly surrounding areas of necrosis in adenocarcinoma.PTEN,HIF-1 alpha mRNA and VEGF protein were positive in 51.6%,67.7% and 59.7% respectively in 62 cases of adenocarcinomas,and 77.8%,44.4% and 33.3% respectively in 18 cases of adenomas.The positive rate of VEGF was higher in the patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas than that in those with adenomas,whereas that of PTEN mRNA was contrary.HIF-1 mRNA expression was correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis,liver metastasis,Duke’s stage and recurrence.During colorectal tumor progression,the expression of HIF-1 alpha mRNA was positively correlated with the VEGF protein expression (χ2= 4.751 ,P<0.05),but negatively with the PTEN mRNA expression(χ2=21.84,P<0.01).Conclusion The absence or low expression of PTEN and the increased levels of HIF-1α and VEGF may paly an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal carcinoma.These results suggest that VEGF upregulated by HIF-1 alpha gene may be involved in angiogenesis of colorectal adenocarcinoma.4 refs,1 tab.

Hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919)ameliorates functional deficits after traumatic brain injury in mice by activating the sigma-1 receptor for antioxidation

Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919),a self-developed antidepressant with selective sigma-1 receptor agonist properties,and its associated mechanisms and targets in traumatic brain injury.Behavioral experiments to assess functional deficits were followed by assessment of neuronal damage through histological analyses and examination of blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema.Next,we investigated the antioxidative effects of YL-0919 by assessing the levels of traditional markers of oxidative stress in vivo in mice and in vitro in HT22 cells.Finally,the targeted action of YL-0919 was verified by employing a sigma-1 receptor antagonist(BD-1047).Our findings demonstrated that YL-0919 markedly improved deficits in motor function and spatial cognition on day 3 post traumatic brain injury,while also decreasing neuronal mortality and reversing blood-brain barrier disruption and brain edema.Furthermore,YL-0919 effectively combated oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro.The protective effects of YL-0919 were partially inhibited by BD-1047.These results indicated that YL-0919 relieved impairments in motor and spatial cognition by restraining oxidative stress,a neuroprotective effect that was partially reversed by the sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD-1047.YL-0919 may have potential as a new treatment for traumatic brain injury.

Analysis on Fuji Apple Tree Structures and Related Factors under Different Pruning Modes

To determine the correlations between the tree structuresof Fuji apple with different pruning modes and each factor, the data about 3 tree structures which were free spindle short shoot, free spindle long shoot and slenderspindle short shoot in Xingtang County of Hebai Province were investigated, then by SPSS anal- ysis, the correlations between the taperingness and each growth factor of inserted small branch were compared. The results showed that the taperingness of central trunk of free spindle dwarf-shoot Fuji apple treeshad negative correlations with each factor of inserted small branch, while the taperingness of central trunk of free spin- dle long-shoot Fuji apple treeshad positive correlations with each factor of inserted small branch, the taperingness of central trunk of slenderspindle short-shootFuji ap- ple treeshad negative correlation with total thickness of inserted small branch, but had positive correlations with other factors. This study can provide a scientifictheo- retical basis for the pruning technology of high-density planting trees grafting by dwarfing self-rooted rootstock.

Study on Self-consciousness of Children With Learning Disabilities and Related Factors

Objective To study the self-consciousness of children with learning disabilities (LD) and to identify related factors. Methods Five hundred and sixty pupils graded from 1 to 6 in an elementary school were investigated. According to the pupil rating scale revised screening for learning disabilities (PRS), combined Raven’s test (CRT) and achievement of main courses, 35 of 560 pupils were diagnosed as LD children. Thirty-five children were selected from the average children and 35 from advanced children in academic achievement equally matched in class, gender, and age with LD children as control groups. The three groups were tested by Piers-Harris children’s self-concept scale. Basic information of each subject was collected by self-made questionnaire. Results Compared with the average and advanced children, LD children got significantly lower scores in self-concept scale. Based on logistic regression analysis, 3 factors were identified, including family income per month, single child and delivery model. Conclusion The results suggest that self-consciousness of children with LD is lower than that of normal children.

Recurrent acute pancreatitis and its relative factors

AIM: To evaluate the causes and the relative factors of recurrent acute pancreatitis.METHODS: From 1997 to 2000, acute pancreatitis relapsed in 77 of 245 acute pancreatitis patients. By reviewing the clinical treatment results and the follow-up data, we analyzed the recurrent factors of acute pancreatitis using univariate analysis and multivariate analysis.RESULTS: Of the 245 acute pancreatitis patients, 77 were patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis. Of them, 56 patients relapsed two times, 19 relapsed three times, each patient relapsed three and four times. Forty-seven patients relapsed in hospital and the other 30 patients relapsed after discharge. Eighteen patients relapsed in 1 year, eight relapsed in 1-3 years, and four relapsed after 3 years. There were 48 cases of biliary pancreatitis, 3 of alcohol pancreatitis, 5 of hyperlipidemia pancreatitis, 21 of idiopathic pancreatitis. Univariate analysis showed that the patients with local complications of pancreas, obstructive jaundice and hepatic function injury were easy to recur during the treatment period of acute pancreatitis (P = 0.022＜0.05, P = 0.012＜0.05 and P = 0.002＜0.05, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that there was no single factor related to recurrence. Of the 47 patients who had recurrence in hospital, 16 had recurrence in a fast period, 31 after refeeding. CONCLUSION: Acute pancreatitis is easy to recur even during treatment. The factors such as changes of pancreas structure and uncontrolled systemic inflammatory reaction are responsible for the recurrence of acute pancreatitis. Early refeeding increases the recurrence of acute pancreatitis. Defining the etiology is essential for reducing the recurrence of acute pancreatitis.

Incidence and Associated Factors for Single and Recurrent Falls among the Elderly in an Urban Community of Beijing

Objective To investigate the incidence of falls and recurrent falls, and explore associated factors for single and recurrent falls among urban community-dwelling elderly in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 472 elderly in the Longtan community of Dongcheng district, Beijing in 2009. Data regarding the incidence of fall and recurrent falls in the previous year, as well as associated factors were collected from the elderly through face-to-face interviews. Results The incidence of falls and recurrent falls was 17.8% and 6.1%, respectively, and it increased with age （X^2for trend=21.06, 19.20, P=0.001, 0.002）. Binary logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that age （OR=2.20）, living alone （OR=4.67） and gait disturbance （OR=1.27） were risk factors, while housing with elevators （OR=0.35）, appropriate width/height of stair steps （0R=0.78）, sufficient lighting for stairway （OR=0.45） and regular exercise （OR=0.12） could lower the risk for single fall; factors such as low monthly family income （OR=1.39）, poor vision （OR=1.83）, low physical ability （OR=4.47）, abnormal static balance （OR=2.48）, and fear of falls（OR=2.23） were risk factors, while appropriate width/height of stair steps （OR=0.49） and easiness of access to daily supplies （OR=0.41） were protective factors for recurrent falls. Conclusion The incidence of falls in commun and their related injuries have been associated ty-dwelling elderly people in Beijing is common, and falls with both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

Analysis of the psychological conditions and related factors of breast cancer patients

Sufferers of breast cancer are often plagued by various psychological problems. Mastectomy, which has a serious influence on the female sex characteristics, can bring about especially serious psychological problems. These problems affect not only the patients’ quality of life but also the beginning, development, and end of the disease. This paper reviewed the relationships between the patients’ personal factors, the disease itself, treatment factors, and other socio-psychological factors and psychological conditions so as to provide new ideas for the psychological intervention on breast cancer patients, comprehensive clinical diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and cure.

Therapeutic potential of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and a small molecular mimics of BDNF for traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury（TBI） is a major health problem worldwide.Following primary mechanical insults,a cascade of secondary injuries often leads to further neural tissue loss.Thus far there is no cure to rescue the damaged neural tissue.Current therapeutic strategies primarily target the secondary injuries focusing on neuroprotection and neuroregeneration.The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） has significant effect in both aspects,promoting neuronal survival,synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis.Recently,the flavonoid 7,8-dihydroxyflavone（7,8-DHF）,a small Trk B agonist that mimics BDNF function,has shown similar effects as BDNF in promoting neuronal survival and regeneration following TBI.Compared to BDNF,7,8-DHF has a longer half-life and much smaller molecular size,capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier,which makes it possible for non-invasive clinical application.In this review,we summarize functions of the BDNF/Trk B signaling pathway and studies examining the potential of BDNF and 7,8-DHF as a therapy for TBI.

Risk factors related to chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

AIM: To evaluate the clinical factors related to chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: A retrospective case-control study. A total of 103 consecutive patients (103 eyes) with primary RRD were studied to evaluate the clinical factors related to chronic RRD. RESULTS: Chi-square test was used to sift out the following associated factors with chronic RRD: younger patients(P=0.0028), better preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, P=0.0316), atrophic retinal break (P<0.0001), inferior retinal break (P<0.0001), smaller break (P=0.0005); then the independent risk factors related to chronic RRD was determined by stepwise logistic regression analysis as following: atrophic retinal break (odds ratio (OR)=7.997, P=0.007), inferior retinal break (OR=14.127, P<0.0001) and better preoperative BCVA (OR=1.636 P<0.0722). CONCLUSION: Atrophic retinal break, inferior retinal break and better preoperative BCVA are the independent risk factors related to chronic RRD.

Depressive symptoms and associated factors among renal-transplant recipients in China

Aim:This study aimed to explore depressive symptoms and associated factors among renal-transplant(RT)recipients in China.Methods:This study included 287 RT recipients.Data were collected from August to November 2014 by utilizing demographic forms,namely,the Self-rating Depression Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.Descriptive statistics,Student's t test,Chi-square test,ANOVA,and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis.Results:More than half of the recipients presented depressive symptoms.All recipients in the four transplant period groups(≤5 yr,5e10 yr,10e15 yr,and>15 yr)reported greater depressive symptoms than the Norm.No significant difference was observed in the depressive symptoms in the four transplant period groups.Multiple linear regression indicated that depressive symptoms were significantly associated with employment status,economic burden,inhabitation area,and social support.Conclusion:Depression is common among RT recipients in China.Employment status,economic burden,inhabitation area,and social support are the main factors affecting depression among RT recipients.Follow-up clinics should prescribe the evaluation of depression as a routine examination for RT patients.Moreover,depressed recipients must be provided with individualized care by collecting information on the depressive symptoms,employment status,economic burden,inhabitation area,and perceived social support of recipients.

Family-relatedFactorsThatInfluenceChildren’sAcademicAchievementsinSchool

This essay studies various family-related factors that influence a child’s academic achievement in school in P.R. China. The factors are illustrated under three categories: the family’s social class and education, early home environment and family material condition. The author discusses the relevant factors by way of relating the knowledge of social environment to his own experiences as a student and then teacher in China. The essay closes with a discussion directing the public’s attention to the concern about home-related factors influencing a child’s academic achievements in school.

Interaction between insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 and transforming growth factor beta 1 in primary hepatic stellate cells

BACKGROUND: We previously showed that insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBPrP1) is a novel mediator in liver fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) is known as the strongest effector of liver fibrosis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the detailed interaction between IGFBPrP1 and TGF beta 1 in primary hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). METHODS: We overexpressed TGF beta 1 or IGFBPrP1 and inhibited TGF beta 1 expression in primary HSCs for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours to investigate their interaction and observe the accompanying expressions of a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), collagen I, fibronectin, and phosphorylated-mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 (p-Smad2/3). RESULTS: We found that the adenovirus vector encoding the TGF beta 1 gene (AdTGF beta 1) induced IGFBPrP1 expression while that of alpha-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and TGF beta 1 increased gradually. Concomitantly, AdIGFBPrP1 upregulated TGF beta 1, alpha-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and p-Smad2/3 in a time-dependent manner while IGFBPrP1 expression was decreased at 96 hours. Inhibition of TGF beta 1 expression reduced the IGFBPrP1-stimulated expression of alpha-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and p-Smad2/3. CONCLUSIONS: These findings for the first time suggest the existence of a possible mutually regulation between IGFBPrP1 and TGF beta 1, which likely accelerates liver fibrosis progression. Furthermore, IGFBPrP1 likely participates in liver fibrosis in a TGF beta 1-depedent manner, and may act as an upstream regulatory factor of TGF beta 1 in the Smad pathway.

New Factor to Characterize Mechanism of “Strong Column-Weak Beam” of RC Frame Structures

Most reinforced concrete(RC)frame structures did not achieve the "strong column-weak beam" failure mode in recent big earthquakes, resulting in a large number of casualties and significant property loss. To deal with this serious problem, a new column-beam relative factor was proposed to characterize the relative yield situation of column ends and beam ends. By limiting the column-beam relative factor, RC frame structures could achieve the "strong column-weak beam" failure mode under the excitation of strong ground motions. The limit values of column-beam relative factor were calculated, analyzed and verified by using structural simulation models for corner columns in the bottom story of structures, which are destroyed most seriously in earthquakes. The results show that the limit values should be analyzed under bi-directional ground motion and with different axial compression ratios of columns. The peak ground acceleration(PGA)of ground motions has no significant effect on the limit values, while the type of strong ground motions has a significant effect on the limit values.

The Relationship between Flow Experience in Leisure and Life Satisfaction in Undergraduates

Objective:To understand the current situation of undergraduates’flow experience in leisure and life satisfaction,and to explore the relationship between the two.Methods:A stratified random sampling method was used to select 781 undergraduates(377 males and 410 females)from 7 colleges and universities in Guangdong Province.They were investigated using the Flow Experience in Leisure Questionnaire(FELQ)and the Youth Life Satisfaction Scale(YLSS).Results:The total scores of FELQ and YLSS of the students in this group are(161.73±19.81)and(174.45±26.50).FELQ’s unity of knowledge and action,challenge and skill balance,concentration,grade ranking,family economic status are positively related to YLSS’life satisfaction(β=.227,.115,.098,.158,.082,P<.05);“Like to sleep during leisure”is negatively correlated with life satisfaction of YLSS(β=-.097,P<.05);FELQ’s unity of knowledge and action,concentration,grade ranking and family economic status are positively related to YLSS’s self-satisfaction(β=.286,.126,.194,.096,P<.01);“Like to sleep during leisure”is negatively correlated with YLSS’s self-satisfaction(β=-.091,P<.01);FELQ’s unity of knowledge and action,challenge and skill balance,father’s occupation,“like self-study in leisure”are positively related to YLSS’environmental satisfaction(β=.198,.131,.075,.073,P<.05);“Like to sleep during leisure”,gender and YLSS environment satisfaction negatively correlated(β=-.094,-.091,P<.01).Conclusion:Flow experience in leisure,types of leisure activities,gender,grade ranking and family factors(family economic status and father’s occupation)may be related factors for the development of college students’life satisfaction.

Subjective Well-Being among Empty-Nest Elderly and Its Related Factors:Taking Guangdong Province as an Example

Objective:To explore the the status of happiness and social support of empty nesters in Guangdong Province and analyze the relationship between the above two variables.Method:Totally 1148 empty nesters(776 males,734 females)from 5 cities in Guangdong province are selected by stratified random sampling and conducted with Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness(MUNSH),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and a self-edited questionnaire on the general information.Results:The total score of MUNSH is(10.20±6.37).The total score and the scores of the 3 dimensions of objective support,subject support,the use of support in SSRS are(30.79±5.51),(9.24±2.37),(19.38±4.95)and(9.22±2.15)respectively.Multiple variable linear regression show that are positively associated with the total scores of MUNSH(B=.227,.115,.098,.158,.082,respectively,P<.05).was negatively associated with total score of MUNSH(B=-.097,P<.05).Conclusion:It suggests that the sort of leisure,gender,progress rank,family characteristics,such as family economic condition and father’s career may be related factors of undergraduates life satisfaction.